INPUT DATA

1 HYDRAULOGICAL DATA
High Flood Level (HFL) = 100.267 m
Design discharge in cumecs (Q) = 5990.40 m3/sec
Vertical Clearance = 1.500 m
Afflux = 0.05 m
Freeboard = 1.550 m
Type of Soil (Hard Rock/Rock/Soil) = Soil
Silt Factor (from Soil) = 1.000
Mean Velocity of Water (Vm) (at 0.000 Chainage of River) = 1.619 m/sec

2 SUPERSTRUCTURE
Super Structure Details = 35 m PSC I Girder Girder
Grade of Concrete(Superstructure) = 40 (M)
skew angle = 0 ˚
Finished Road Level (FRL) = 105.000 m
Level at bottom of girder (Bearing level) = 101.880 m
Thickness of wearing coat = 0.075 m
3
Unit weight of wearing course = 22 kN/m
Effective span (c/c of bearing/cross girder/abutment) (Le) = 35.00 m
No. of Span = 9 no
Length between Expansion Gap center to center = 37.102 m
Expansion gap between Dirt wall inner face to Deck edge = 0.040 m
Expansion gap between Dirt wall outer face to Approach Slab = 0.020 m
Total length of bridge between Inner face of Dirt wall ( Ltotal ) = 333.958 m

=
Distance between center line of Cross Girder & Deck Edge 1.031 m
Length of Approach Slab = 3.500 m
Thickness of Approach Slab = 0.300 m
Total Length of Bridge with Approach Slab = 341.798 m
Total width (W) = 11.230 m
Carriageway width = 7.500 m
Provision of Footpath = yes
Width of Footpath = 1.500 m
Width of Kerb (bk) below railing = 0.365 m
Width of Crash Barrier (bc)+safety kerb = 0.000 m
Ht. of Kerb (hk) = 0.300 m
Ht. of Crash Barrier (hc) = 0.000 m
2
Area of Crash Barrier = 0.000 m
Depth of Girder (Excluding Deck Slab) = 2.75 m
Thickness of deck slab at end = 0.2 m
Thickness of deck slab at mid point = 0.295 m
Camber in deck slab = 2.5 %
Unit weight of RCC = 25 kN/m3
Grade of Steel = 500 (Fe)

3 GIRDER DETAILS
No. of Longitudinal Girder = 3 no
No. of Cross Girder in one span = 5 no
Length of the straight part of the Girder at support = 3.5310 m
Length of the varying part of the Girder = 2.500 m
Length of the middle part = 25.04 m
Distance between center line of Longituding Girder = 3 m
Ht of Rectangle portion in Bulb = 0.24 m
Width of Rectangle portion in Bulb = 0.83 m
Ht of Trapizoidal portion in Bulb = 0.2 m
Thickness of Web of Longitudinal Girder = 0.275 m
Ht. of cross Girder = 2.310 m
Total Dead Load of Super Structure on Pier = 8016 kN
Total Dead Load of Super Structure on Abutment = 4007.8 kN
Thickness of cross girder = 0.45 m
4 SUBSTRUCTURE & FOUNDATION
Grade of Concrete(Substructure & Foundation) = 30 (M)
2
Young's modulus of Concrete, Ecm = 31000 N/mm
 (From table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 38)
Reinforcement
Grade of steel = 500 (Fe 500)
No of Abutment = 2 no
No of Pier = 8 no
FOR ABUTMENT
Type of Foundation = Well foundation
well cap top level = 99.000 m
Maximum Scour Level = 88.052 m
Bottom of Foundation/well Cap at Abutment Location = 97.200 m
Bottom of well foundation 65.200
Abutment Shaft
Thickness of Abutment Wall at top = 1.200 m
Thickness of Abutment Wall at bottom 1.200 m
Avg. Thickness of Abutment Wall = 1.200 m
Length of Abutment Wall = 12.000 m
Abutment Cap
Length of Abutment Cap = 12.000 m
Width of Abutment cap = 2.071 m
Height of Abutment cap = 0.800 m
Dirt Wall & Return Wall
Thickness of Dirt Wall = 0.400 m
Length of Dirt Wall = 12.000 m
Length of Return Wall = 3.500 m
Thickness of Return Wall at Edge = 0.450 m
Thickness of Return Wall at Face = 0.550 m
Height of return wall = 5.550
Height of Dirt wall = = 2.680 m
Abutment Foundation
Foundation Shape (Rectangle/Tappered) = Tappered
Total Width of Abutment Foundation = 8.000 m
Width of Abutment Foundation at Toe Side = 4.000 m
Length of Abutment Foundation = 12.000 m
Diameter of well = 8.000 m
Thickness of Abutment Foundation at Abutment Face = 1.800 m
Thickness of Abutment Foundation at Edge = 1.800 m
Area of Tappered Foundation = 14.400 m2
Area of Rectangular Foundation = 14.400 m2
C.G of Trapizoidal part of Foundation from foundation bottom = 1.800 m
C.G of Rectangular part of Foundation from foundaion bottom = 0.900 m
C.G of Foundation = 0.900 m
Thickness of wellcap = 1.800 m
Thickness of well steining= 1.700 m
Allowable Base Pressure at Founding Lvl. = 160 t/m2
Maximum ht of bearing + pedestal = 0.290 m

5
DETAILS OF BEARING AND ARRESTER BLOCK
Bearing Type ( Elastomeric/ Rocker-Roller/ Pot cum PTFE ) = Pot cum PTFE
Bearing on Abt ( Elastomeric/ Rocker/Roller/ Pot/Pot cum PTFE ) = Pot cum PTFE
Bearing on Pier ( Elastomeric/ Rocker-Roller/ Pot PTFE/Pot-Pot/Rocker-Rocker ) = Pot cum PTFE
No. of Bearing at Abutment 3 no
No. of Bearing at Pier 6 no
SEISMIC ZONE
Seismic Zone = IV
Importance Factor = 1.2
Zone factor, Z = 0.24
 ANALYSIS OF ABUTMENT
Basic design data:-

a) Superstructure:-
Formation level = 105.000 m
Overall length of bridge = 333.958 m
Span ( c/c of expansion joint) = 37.102 m
Distance between C/l of bearing to C/l of exp. joint = 1.051 m
Effective span (C/C of bearing) = 35.000 m
Clear carraige way width = 7.500 m
Depth of girder+deck slab at CL of carraigeway = 3.045 m
Thickness of Wearing Coat = 0.075 m
b) Hydraulic and survey data :-
H.F.L = 100.267 m
Lowest Bed Level, LBL 99.500 m
Max. scour level = 88.052 m ( Non seismic case)
c) Sub-structure :-
Bearing and pedestal :
Level of bearings = 101.880 m.
Thickness of bearing = 0.08 m
Thickness of pedestal = 0.15 m
Maximum ht of bearing + pedestal = 0.230 m
Minimum ht of bearing + pedestal = 0.230 m
abutment cap :
Top of abutment Cap = 101.650 m
Bottom of Abutment cap = 100.850 m
Length of abutment Cap = 12.00 m
Thickness of abutment cap for rectangular section = 0.8 m
Width of abutment cap at top (including dirt wall part) = 2.071 m
Width of abutment cap at bottom = 2.071 m
abutment shaft :
Total length of abutment shaft = 12.00 m
Thickness of abutment wall = 1.200 m
Height of abutment wall = 2.150 m
Height of frame at abutment locations = 3.180 m
Dirt wall :
Thikcness of Dirt wall = 0.400 m
Height of Dirt wall = 3.280 m
Length of dirt wall = 12.000 m
Return wall :
Width of Return wall = (avg.) 0.500 m
Length of return wall = 3.500 m
Height of return wall = 6.210 m
Well and Well cap :
Diameter of Well = 8 m
Thickness of Well cap = 1.500 m
Length of Well cap = 8 m
Width of Well cap = 8 m
Bottom of Well cap = 97.200 m
Top of Well Cap = 98.700 m
Top of Well = 97.200 m

Approach Slab :
Length of approach slab = 3.500 m
Thickness of approach slab = 0.300 m (At mid-section)
Thickness of approach slab = 0.300 m (At edge)
d) Material Properties :
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Grade of Concrete = M 30
3
Unit Weight of concrete = 25 KN/m
3
Unit Weight of Wearing Coat = 22 KN/m
e) Soil property:-
3
Density of soil = 20.00 KN/m
Angle of Shearing resistance of backfill soil = 30o
Property of Backfill material behind Abutment and Return wall
o
f= 30.00
o
d= 20.00
o
a= 0.00
o
i= 0.00
3
g= 20.00 KN/m

LOAD CALCULATIONS

Permanent Load :
Self Weight/Dead Load

Dead Load from super-structure = 8020 KN

So, dead load in one abutment = 4010 KN
Self weight of dirt wall = ( 12 m x 3.28 m x 0.4 m x 25 )= 393.6 KN
Line of action of load from center of abutment = -1.271 m
Self weight of Abutment Cap = ( 12 m x 2.071 m x 0.8 m x 25 )= 497.040 KN
Line of action of load from center of abutment = -0.436 m
Self weight of abutment shaft = ( 12 m x 2.15 m x 1.2 m x 25 )= 774 KN
Self weight of Well cap = 2801.25 KN
Self weight of return wall = ( 2 x 3.5m x 0.5m x .5x(6.21 +1.2) m x 25 )=
324.1875 KN
Line of action of load from center of abutment = -2.35 m

Backfill Weight

Weight of backfill above the hill side of the abutment Well cap =
2850.900 KN
Distance of center of load from abutment center = 2.3 m

Earth Pressure
Calculation of Active Earth Pressure Coefficient (Static)
cos2(f-a) = 0.75
cos2a = 1.00
cos(d+a) = 0.94
cos(a-i) = 1.00
sin(f+d) = 0.77
sin(f-i) = 0.50
Ka = 0.279
Considering dirt wall
Height of Dirt wall = H = 3.280 m
Length of dirt wall = 12.000 m

3.280

1.378

2
18.30 KN/m
2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x3.28 = 18.30 KN/m
Total load on dirt wall = 360.14 KN
This load is located 0.42 of the height of wall above base,
Lever arm = 1.378 m …..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2010,page-37)
Moment at dirt wall base = 496.134 KN-m

Considering abutment wall :

Height of the abutment=Height of abutment wall+Dirt wall= 5.430 m
Length of abutment wall = 12.00 m
Height from Well cap bottom to deck level = 6.930 m
 5.43

2.28

2
38.669 KN/m

Calculation of moment due to earth pressure :-

2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x5.43 = 30.299 KN/m
Horizontal force due to backfill earth = 987.15 KN (Considering abutment bottom)
This load is located 0.42 of the height of wall above base,
Lever arm = 2.281 m …..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2010,page-37)
Acting at a ht of = 2.281 m ( from base of abutment )
2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x6.93 = 38.669 KN/m
Horizontal force due to backfill earth = 1607.87 KN (Considering Well cap bottom)
Acting at a ht of = 0.42 m of total height = 2.91 m ( from bottom of Well cap level )
Total moment at the base of abutment due to earth pressure = 2251.304 KN-m
Total moment at the base of Well cap due to earth pressure = 4679.8771 KN-m

Variable gravity loads treated as permanent loads

Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) (except surfacing)

Super Imposed Dead Load acting on abutment = 106 KN

Surfacing and Wearing Coat

Surfacing or loading due to wearing coat on abutment = (18.551m x 7.5m x 0.075m x 22) KN
230 KN
Quasi-Permanent loads

Effect due to temperature variation

Effects due to temperature variation is done previously in analysis of abutment sheets.

Vehicular Live Load

Carriageway Live load

(I) 2 lanes of Class-A
(II) 1 lane of 70R Wheel
(III) 1 lane of 70R Tracked
1 Type of Loading = Class A train of vehicle.
A) One Span Loaded
Span, Le = 35.000 m Case - 1: One Lane / one span loaded.
Lc = 1.031 m Minimum Clearence = 150 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of ground contact (In transverse direction) = 500 mm
Impact Factor = 1.11 Width of carriageway = 7.50 m
Width of Footpath with kerb = 1865 mm

114 114 68 68 68 68 27
1.2 4.3 3 3 3 20.00 1.531

1.031 35.000 1.031

Rb Ra

2.265 1.8

eT 5.615

Maximum Reaction = Rb = 462.0 kN

And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 2.45 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt abutment, eL = 0m
 Case - 2: Two Lane / One span loaded.
Minimum clearence = 1200 mm between two outer edges of vehicle.
CG of Load
0.70
1.865 0.4 1.7 -0.15
1.8 1.95

5.615 5.615
456
Maximum Reaction = 924.0 kN
And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 0.70 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt abutment, eL = 0m

2 Type of Loading = IRC class 70R Tracked

A) One Span Loaded
Case - 1: 70R Tracked
Span, Le = 35 m Minimum Clearence = 1200 mm
Lc = 1.031 m Width of ground contact = 840 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of carriageway = 7.50 m
Impact factor = 1.100 Width of Footpath with kerb = 1865 mm

700/4.57 = 153.17 kN/m

4.57

1.03 35.0000 1.03

Rb Ra
 70R Tracked Loading 1.11
350 350

1.865 1.2 1.2 1.865

0.84 0.84

5.615 5.615
700
Maximum Reaction for 70R Tracked = Rb = 724.0 kN

Hence,Total Reaction Rb = 724.0 kN

And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 1.11 m

And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt abutment, eL = 0m

3 Type of Loading = IRC 70 R Wheel

A) One Span Loaded
Case - 1: 70 R Wheel
Span, Le = 35 m Minimum Clearence = 1200 mm
Lc = 1.031 m Width of ground contact = 860 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of carriageway = 7.5 m
Impact factor = 1.11 Width of Footpath with kerb = 1865 mm

170 170 170 170 120 120 80

1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96 22.63

1.03 35 1.03
Rb Ra
Maximum reaction = Rb = 980.20 kN

Hence,Total Reaction Rb = 980.20 kN

max longitudinal eccentricity = eL = 0.00 m
 70R Wheeled Loading
170 170

1.865 1.2 0.86 0.86

1.07

5.615 5.615
340
max transverse eccentricity = eT = 1.16 m

Load cases considered for abutment are tabulated bellow :

Load due to
Load due to RA eL eT ML MT
CASE additional
main wheel (kN) (m) (m) (kN-m) (kN-m)
wheel
CLASS A
500 0 924.01 0.00 2.450 0.000 2263.826
TWO LANE SINGLE SPAN
70R TRACKED TWO LANE 700 0 724.020 0.00 1.1 0 803.662
SINGLE SPAN
70R WHEELED TWO LANE 1000 0 980.200 0.00 1.155 0 1132.131
SINGLE SPAN
 Longitudinal Forces

Calculation of Braking Forces ……. (Ref. cl. 211 of IRC 6-2010, page-33)

Case - I Case - II Case - III

Braking force line of action

1.2m
Class A - 70R Tr. - 70R Wh.
Three lane Three Lane , Load - Three
/ one span one span Lane , one
loaded loaded span loaded
a Total Load kN = 500 700 1000
b Braking force Fh kN = 100 140 200
c Each side Fh/2 kN = 50 70 100
d ThickNess of wearing coat m = 0.075 0.075 0.075
e Ht. of Braking force act above bearing m = 4.245 4.245 4.245
f Moment at bearing level kN-m = 212.25 297.15 424.50
g Reaction as push/pull (+/-) kN = 5.72 8.01 11.44
h For moment at abutment base, lever arm m = 3.18 3.18 3.18
i Longitudinal moment at abutment base kN-m = 159.00 222.60 318.00

Calculation of Bearing Forces ……. (Ref. cl. 211.5 of IRC 6-2014, page-38)

Type of Bearing = POT PTFE

Earthpressure surcharge effect due to live load :

Live load surcharge pressure is to be considered

2
Equivalent to 1.2 m height of soil = 6.70 KN/m …..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2010,page-37)

Considering dirt wall :

Height of Dirt wall = H = 3.280 m
Length of dirt wall = 12.000 m
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 21.963 KN
 Moment at base of dirt wall due to live
load surcharge = 432.229 KN-m

3.280

1.640

2
6.70 KN/m
Considering Abutment Shaft
Height of the abutment=Height of abutment wall+Dirt wall= 6.225 m
Length of abutment wall = 12.00 m
Height from Well cap bottom to deck level = 7.425 m
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 500.191 KN (For abutment)
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 596.614 KN (For Well cap base)

Moment at base of abutment wall due to live

load surcharge = 1556.85 KN-m
Moment at base of Well cap due to live
6.225 load surcharge = 2214.928 KN-m

3.113

6.70 KN/m2
Wind load calculation:
(As per IRC:6-2010, clause 209, page-23)
pz = 463.7 N/mm2 (From IRC:6-2010, table 4, for 33m/s basic wind speed)
Basic wind speed at bridge location = 47 m/s
Actual hourly mean wind pressure = 0.94 KN/m2
Wind force = Area x pz x G x ( CD or CL )
= Area x pz'
3.668 KN/m2 for super-structure
Where G = 2.00
CD = 1.95 for super-structure (from table 5, IRC:6-2010, page-29)
0.8 for abutment shaft
CL = 0.75 (Lift co-efficient)
Wind load as per clause 209, IRC:6-2010
a Wind Force on superstructure:
i. Transverse wind force (FT) :
Solid area (A1) = Exposed area in Transverse direction = 113 m2
FT = 414 kN
ii. Longitudinal wind force (FL) :
FL = 25% of transverse wind force = 103.61 kN
iii. Vertical wind load (FV) :
Plan area (A3) = 445.2 m2
Lift Coefficient (CL) = 0.75
FV = 334 kN
b Wind force on live load:
as per clause 209.3.7 of IRC: 6, 2010, bridge shall not be
considered to carry any live load if the basic wind velocity exceeds 36m/sec.
c Wind force on Substructure:
abutment Cap Velocity Of Wind
i. Transverse wind force: Position Direction vert. comp. Hortz. Comp.
Exposed area = 1.66 m2 kN kN
Super
Transverse wind force = 2.5 kN structure Transverse 333.92 414.43
ii. Longitudinal Wind Force: Longitudinal 103.61
Exposed area = 9.6 m2

ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS

Seismic Hazards

Seismic Zone of bridge location = IV

Zone factor, Z = 0.24 (Table 6, IRC:6-2010, page-47)
Seismic importance factor of the structure I = 1 (Table 7, IRC:6-2010, page-51)
Average response acceleration co-efficient (Sa/g) 2.5 (Clause 219.5.1, IRC:6-2010, page-50)
Horizontal seismic co-efficient Ah
= (Z/2)X (I)X(Sa/g)/R = 0.300 /R
Where R is response reduction factor to be considered
Is ductile detailing to be done ? No
Value of R for sub-structure = 2.5

Hence horizontal seismic co-efficient (Ah) for sub-structure = 0.12

Horizontal seismic force, Feq = Ah.(Dead Load+Appropriate Live Load)
Seismic force due to dead load
(Inertia loads due to self-mass generated in bridge structure by ground acceleration)
A. Seismic on Superstructure:
Seismic forces in super-structure and SIDL without surfacing is done in previous abutment calculation sheets
Dead Load from super-structure and SIDL without surfacing = = 4116 KN
C.G. of Deck from girder bottom = 2.8975 m
Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah = 0.12
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh Ah(Total Dead Load)= 493.8945 KN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction taken by one support Fh/2 = 246.94725 KN ………r1
Acting at RL = 103.230 m
Lever arm for moment at bearing level = 2.8975 m
Longitudinal moment at bearing level = 715.53 KN-m
Vertical pull-push effect due to Horizontal seismic force = 19.285 KN
Lever arm for moment at abutment base = 4.530 m
Longitudinal moment at abutment base = 1118.671 KN-m ……..Mz
Horizontal seismic force in transeverse direction = Fh/2 = 246.94725 KN ………..r2
Acting at RL = 103.230 m
Lever arm for moment at abutment base = 4.530 m
Transeverse moment at abutment base = 1118.67 KN-m ……Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 164.6315 KN …r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2010, page-47)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2010, page-47)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1 ±0.3r2 ±0.3r3 ± = 370.42088 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1 ±r2 ±0.3r3 = 370.42088 KN
Design force in vertical direction = ±0.3r1 ±0.3r2 ±r3 = 312.79985 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 1454.272 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 1454.2713 KN-m

B. Seismic on Sufacing:
Surfacing or load due to wearing coat = 229.569 KN
C.G. of wearing coat from girder bottom = 3.0825 m
Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah = 0.12 kN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh Ah*(Total Dead Load) = 27.548235 KN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction taken by one support = 13.774118 KN ………r1
Acting at RL = 104.96m
Lever arm for moment at bearing level = 3.08m
Longitudinal moment at bearing level = 42.46KN-m
Vertical pull-push effect due to Horizontal seismic force = 1.14KN
Lever arm for moment at abutment base = 6.26m
Longitudinal moment at abutment base = 86.26KN-m ……..Mz
Horizontal seismic force in transeverse direction = Fh/2 = 13.77 KN ………..r2
Acting at RL = 104.96 m
Lever arm for moment at abutment base = 6.26 m
Transeverse moment at abutment base = 86.26 KN-m ……Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 9.182745 KN ……r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2010, page-47)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2010, page-47)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1 ±0.3r2 ±0.3r3 ± = 20.66 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1 ±r2 ±0.3r3 = 20.66 KN
Design force in vertical direction = ±0.3r1 ±0.3r2 ±r3 = 17.45 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 112.14 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 112.14 KN-m

C. Seismic on Dirt wall :

CG of the dirt wall from top of Well cap = 3.790 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_dirt wall = 47.23 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL = 102.490 m RL
Longitudinal moment = 179.002 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_dirt wall = 47.23 KN ……….r2
Acting at RL = 102.490 m RL
Transeverse moment = 179.002 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force =(2/3)x Horizontal Force Component
(Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2010, page-47)
= 31.487 KN ………r3
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2010, page-47)
Design force in longitudinal direction = 6r160.3r260.3r3 = 70.845 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = 60.3r16r260.3r3 = 70.845 KN
Design force in vertical direction = 60.3r160.3r26r3 = 59.825 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 232.702 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 232.702 KN-m

D. Seismic on Abutment Cap:

CG of the abutment cap from top of Well cap = 2.550 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x A_cap = 59.64 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL = 101.250 m RL
Longitudinal moment = 152.082 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x A_cap = 59.64 KN ……….r2
Acting at RL = 101.250 m RL
Transeverse moment = 152.082 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force =(2/3)x Horizontal Force Component
(Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2010, page-47)
= 39.760 KN ………r3
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2010, page-47)
Design force in longitudinal direction = 6r160.3r260.3r3 = 89.46 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = 60.3r16r260.3r3 = 89.46 KN
Design force in vertical direction = 60.3r160.3r26r3 = 75.544 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 197.707 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 197.707 KN-m

E. Seismic on Abutment Shaft:

CG of the abutment shaft from top of Well cap = 0.675 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x A_shaft = 92.88 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL = 99.375 m RL
Longitudinal moment = 62.69 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x A_cap = 92.88 KN ……….r2
Acting at RL = 99.375 m RL
Transeverse moment = 62.69 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force =(2/3)x Horizontal Force Component
(Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2010, page-47)
= 61.920 KN ………r3
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2010, page-47)
Design force in longitudinal direction = 6r160.3r260.3r3 = 139.320 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = 60.3r16r260.3r3 = 139.320 KN
Design force in vertical direction = 60.3r160.3r26r3 = 117.648 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 81.502 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 81.502 KN-m

F. Seismic on Return Walls:

CG of the return walls from top of Well cap = 3.105 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x R_walls = 38.90 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL = 101.805 m RL
Longitudinal moment = 120.792 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x R_walls = 38.90 KN ……….r2
Acting at RL = 101.805 m RL
Transeverse moment = 120.792 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force =(2/3)x Horizontal Force Component
(Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2010, page-47)
= 25.935 KN ………r3
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2010, page-47)
Design force in longitudinal direction = 6r160.3r260.3r3 = 58.354 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = 60.3r16r260.3r3 = 58.354 KN
Design force in vertical direction = 60.3r160.3r26r3 = 49.277 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 157.030 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 157.030 KN-m

G. Seismic on Well Cap :

CG of the Well cap from bottom of Well cap = 0.750 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_Well cap = 336.15 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL = 97.950 m RL
Longitudinal moment = 252.113 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_Well cap = 336.15 KN ……….r2
Acting at RL = 97.950 m RL
Transeverse moment = 252.1125 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force =(2/3)x Horizontal Force Component
(Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2010, page-47)
= 224.100 KN ………r3
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2010, page-47)
Design force in longitudinal direction = 6r160.3r260.3r3 = 504.225 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = 60.3r16r260.3r3 = 504.225 KN
Design force in vertical direction = 60.3r160.3r26r3 = 425.79 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 327.746 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 327.746 KN-m
 H. Seismic on carriageway live load …….(Clause 219.5.2, IRC:6-2010, page-51)
(Inertia loads due to mass of vehicular live load)

20% Reaction Ah Transverse Acting RL Lever arm at Transve vertical

(KN) seismic at (+1.20) abutment rse force
force base moment compone
Live Load Case
at nt
abutmen
sl. No. t vase
For Class-A Class A 70R
1 Two lane / one span loaded 184.80 0.12 22.18 106.20 7.50 166.32 14.78
For IRC class 70R Tracked
2 Two lane / one span loaded 144.80 0.12 17.38 106.20 7.50 130.32 11.58
For IRC class 70R Wheeled
3 Two lane / one span loaded 196.04 0.12 23.52 106.20 7.50 176.44 15.68

I. Increased Earth Pressure due to Seismic

Calculation of Dynamic Earth Pressure Coefficient …..(Clause 8, IS:1893-1984, page-46)

Horizontal seismic force co-efficient = Ah = 0.12
Horizontal seismic force co-efficient = Av = 0.08
Calculation of Active Earth Pressure Coefficient (Dynamic)

For +Av : For -Av :

1+Av = 1.080 1-Av = 0.920

l= tan-1{Ah/(1+Av)}= 6.3402 o
l = tan-1{Ah/(1-Av)} = 7.4314 o

2 2
cos (f-a-l) = 0.8390 cos (f-a-l) = 0.8527
cos(d+a+l) = 0.8962 cos(d+a+l) = 0.8876
cos(a-i) = 1.0000 cos(a-i) = 1.0000
cosl = 0.9939 cosl = 0.9916
cos2a = 1.0000 cos2a = 1.0000
sin(f+d) = 0.7660 sin(f+d) = 0.7660
sin(f-i-l) = 0.4013 sin(f-i-l) = 0.3838
Ca = 0.405 Ca = 0.359
Maximum of these two = 0.405 to be considered

Considering dirt wall portion

Height of Dirt wall = H = 3.280 m
Length of dirt wall = 12.000 m

3.280

1.640

8.24 KN/m2
Dynamic increment :
2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill = 8.24 KN/m
Horizontal force due to backfill soil = 162.16 KN
Acting at =3.28 x 0.50= 1.640 m
(Clause-8.1.1.2,IS:1893-1984,Page-47)
Bending moment increment for dynamic condition= 3191.37 KNm

Considering Abutment Shaft

Height of the abutment=Height of abutment wall+Dirt wall= 6.225 m
Length of abutment wall = 12.00 m
Height from Well cap bottom to deck level = 7.725 m
 6.225

3.113

15.630 KN/m2
Dynamic increment
2
Earth pressure at abutment base due to backfill = 15.630 KN/m
Horizontal force increment due to backfill soil = 583.78 KN (For abutment shaft)
Acting at a ht. of = 3.11 m ( from base of abutment )
Horizontal force increment due to backfill soil = 747.67 KN (from bottom of Well cap)
Acting at a ht. of = 3.71 m ( from bottom of Well cap level )
Total moment increment at the base of abutment due to Earth pressure = 1817.02 KN-m
Total moment increment at the base of Well cap due to Earth pressure = 2775.74 KN-m

Earthpressure surcharge effect due to live load :

Live load surcharge pressure is to be considered

2
Equivalent to 1.2 m height of soil = 3.01 KN/m …..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2010,page-37)

Considering dirt wall :

Height of Dirt wall = H = 3.280 m
Length of dirt wall = 12.000 m
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 118.474 KN

Moment at base of dirt wall due to live

load surcharge = 194.297 KN-m

3.280

1.640

2
3.01 KN/m
Considering Abutment Shaft
Height of the abutment=Height of abutment wall+Dirt wall= 6.225 m
Length of abutment wall = 12.00 m
Height from Well cap bottom to deck level = 7.725 m
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 224.847 KN (For abutment)
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 279.027 KN (For Well cap bnase)

Moment at base of abutment wall due to live

load surcharge = 699.836 KN-m
Moment at base of Well cap due to live
6.225 load surcharge = 1077.742 KN-m

3.113

3.01 KN/m2

J. Effects of liquefaction of soils :

Incorporating the reccomendtations on effect of liquefaction of soil (if any), strength
of Wells are determined and considered during design of Wells.
 Load combination at abutment base:-

SL
LOAD DESCRIPTION V HL HT LA ML MT
NO
A Permanent Action
i Dead load from super-structure 4010
ii Self weight of dirt wall 393.60 -500.266
iii Self weight of abutment cap 497.04 -216.46
iv Self weight of abutment wall 774.00
v Self weight of fins wall 324.2 -761.84
vi Earth Pressure due to back-Fill 987.15 2.28 2251.30
B Variable gravity treated as Permanent
i Super Imposed Dead Load 106
ii Surfacing 229.569
C Variable Actions
Vehicular Live Load
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 924.0 0.00 2263.83
ii 70R TRACKED -2LANE 1 SPAN 724.0 0.00 803.66
iii 70R WHEELED -2 LANE 1 SPAN 980.2 0.00 1132.13
Longitudinal Forces (Braking)
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 5.7 0.00 3.18 0.00
ii 70R TRACKED-2LANE 1 SPAN 8.0 0.00 3.18 0.00
iii 70R WHEELED -2 LANE 1 SPAN 11.4 0.00 3.18 0.00
Earth Surcharge due to Live Load 500.19 3.11 1556.85
D Seismic Forces
Seismic forces for dead load
a) on superstructure 312.80 370.42 370.42 1454.27 1454.27
b) Surfacing 17.45 20.66 20.66 112.14 112.14
c) on dirt wall 59.82 70.85 70.85 232.70 232.70
d) on abutment cap 75.54 89.46 89.46 197.71 197.71
e) on abutment wall 117.65 139.32 139.32 81.50 81.50
f) on return wall 49.28 58.35 58.35 157.03 157.03
Seismic forces for Live Load
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 14.8 22.18 7.50 166.32
ii 70R TRACKED 2LANE 1 SPAN 11.6 17.38 7.50 130.32
iii 70R WHEELED 2 LANE 1 SPAN 15.7 23.52 7.50 176.44
Wind Load
Wind Load on super-structure 333.92 518.04 4.78 2474.941
Increased Earth Pressure due to seismic 583.78 3.11 1817.02
 Load combination at Bottom of Well Cap level (For Well) :-

SL
LOAD DESCRIPTION V HL HT LA ML MT
NO
A Permanent Action
i Dead load from super-structure 4010.00
ii Self weight of dirt wall 393.60 -500.266
iii Self weight of abutment cap 497.04 -216.46
iv Self weight of abutment wall 774.00
v Self weight of return wall 324.2 -761.84
vi Self weight of Well cap 2801.3
vii Back Fill weight on Well cap 2850.9 -6557.07
viii Earth Pressure due to back-Fill 1607.87 2.91 4679.88
B Variable gravity treated as Permanent
i Super Imposed Dead Load 105.788
ii Surfacing 229.569
C Thermal Load
Load due to temperature variation 0.00 4.68 0.00
D Variable Actions
Vehicular Live Load
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 832.44 0.00 2039.48
ii 70R TRACKED -2LANE 1 SPAN 658.20 0.00 730.60
iii 70R WHEELED -2 LANE 1 SPAN 883.06 0.00 1019.94
Longitudinal Forces (Braking)
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 5.72 0.00 4.68 0.00
ii 70R TRACKED-2LANE 1 SPAN 8.01 0.00 4.68 0.00
iii 70R WHEELED -2 LANE 1 SPAN 11.44 0.00 4.68 0.00
Earth Surcharge due to Live Load 596.61 3.71 2214.93
E Seismic Forces
Seismic forces for dead load
a) on superstructure 391.00 463.03 463.03 1935.82 1935.82
b) Surfacing 17.45 20.66 20.66 139.00 139.00
c) on dirt wall 59.82 70.85 70.85 324.80 324.80
d) on abutment cap 75.54 89.46 89.46 314.00 314.00
e) on abutment wall 117.65 139.32 139.32 262.62 262.62
f) on return wall 49.28 58.35 58.35 232.89 232.89
g) on Well cap 425.79 504.23 504.23 327.75 327.75
Seismic forces for Live Load
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 14.78 22.18 9.00 166.32
ii 70R TRACKED 2LANE 1 SPAN 11.58 17.38 9.00 130.32
iii 70R WHEELED 2 LANE 1 SPAN 15.68 23.52 9.00 176.44
Wind Load
Wind Load on super-structure 333.92 518.04 6.28 3252.00
Increased Earth Pressure due to seismic 747.674 3.71 2775.74
 LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT BASE (For Ultimate Limit State)

Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 5998.83 -1478.57 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 105.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 229.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(2L/1S) LL1 924.01 0.00 2263.83 0.00 0.00
70R T(2L/1S) LL2 724.02 0.00 803.66 0.00 0.00
70R W(2L/1S) LL3 980.20 0.00 1132.13 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(2L/1S) LL1 5.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Braking70R T(2L/1S) LL2 8.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Braking70R W(2L/1S) LL3 11.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 2251.30 0.00 987.15 0.00
LL surcharge on Earth Pr. 0.00 1556.85 0.00 500.19 0.00
Dead Load Seismic 632.54 2235.35 2235.35 749.06 749.06
Seismic Class A(2L/1S) LL1 14.78 0.00 166.32 0.00 22.18
Seismic 70R T(2L/1S) LL2 11.58 0.00 130.32 0.00 17.38
Seismic 70R W(2L/1S) LL3 15.68 0.00 176.44 0.00 23.52
Wind load 333.92 0.00 2474.94 0.00 518.04
Increased Earth Pr. due to Sis. 0.00 1817.02 0.00 583.78 0.00

NON-SEISMIC CASE

B WIND
A DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP DL+/-WL
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 1.50 LL 1.50
Braking LL 1.15 Braking LL 1.15
EP 1.50 EP 1.50
EP LL surcharge 1.20 EP LL surcharge 1.20
WL 1.50

SEISMIC CASE
A C
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL S+EP S+EP LL S DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 0.2 EP 1.5
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1.5
EP 1 EP seis 1.5
EP LL surcharge 0.2
DL sis 1.5
LL sis 1.5
EP LL sis 1.5
EP sis 1.5
 Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu
1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL 10035.57 3249.11 3395.74 2080.96 0.00
2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+EP+EP LL 9738.22 3249.11 1205.49 2080.96 0.00
NON SEISMIC

3 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL 10126.43 3249.11 1698.20 2080.96 0.00

4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL+WL 10536.45 3249.11 7108.15 2080.96 777.06
5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+EP+EP DL+WL 10239.09 3249.11 4917.90 2080.96 777.06
6 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL+WL 10627.31 3249.11 5410.61 2080.96 777.06
7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 9534.69 3249.11 -316.67 2080.96 -777.06
8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+EP+EP DL-WL 9237.34 3249.11 -2506.92 2080.96 -777.06
9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL-WL 9625.56 3249.11 -2014.22 2080.96 -777.06
10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL1 S+EP S+EP LL S 9799.91 6645.16 4055.28 3086.45 1156.86
SEISMIC

11 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL2 S+EP S+EP LL S 9755.57 6645.16 3709.25 3086.45 1149.66
12 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL3 S+EP S+EP LL S 9813.64 6645.16 3844.11 3086.45 1158.88
13 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis 9591.79 7459.44 3353.03 3479.99 1123.59
 LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT BASE (For Servicibility Limit State)

Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 5998.83 -1478.57 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 105.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 229.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(2L/1S) LL1 924.01 0.00 2263.83 0.00 0.00
70R T(2L/1S) LL2 724.02 0.00 803.66 0.00 0.00
70R W(2L/1S) LL3 980.20 0.00 1132.13 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(2L/1S) LL1 5.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Braking70R T(2L/1S) LL2 8.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Braking70R W(2L/1S) LL3 11.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 2251.30 0.00 987.15 0.00
LL surcharge on Earth Pr. 0.00 1556.85 0.00 500.19 0.00
Dead Load Seismic 632.54 2235.35 2235.35 749.06 749.06
Seismic Class A(2L/1S) LL1 14.78 0.00 166.32 0.00 22.18
Seismic 70R T(2L/1S) LL2 11.58 0.00 130.32 0.00 17.38
Seismic 70R W(2L/1S) LL3 15.68 0.00 176.44 0.00 23.52
Wind load 333.92 0.00 2474.94 0.00 518.04
Increased Earth Pr. due to Sis. 0.00 1817.02 0.00 583.78 0.00

NON-SEISMIC CASE

B WIND
A DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP DL+/-WL
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.00 Dead Load 1.00
SIDL 1.00 SIDL 1.00
Surfacing 1.00 Surfacing 1.00
LL 1.00 LL 0.75
Braking LL 1.00 Braking LL 0.75
EP 1.00 EP 1.00
EP LL surcharge 0.80 EP LL surcharge 0.80
WL 1.00
 Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu
1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL 7263.91 2018.21 2263.83 1387.31 0.00
2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+EP+EP LL 7066.21 2018.21 803.66 1387.31 0.00
NON SEISMIC

3 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL 7325.82 2018.21 1132.13 1387.31 0.00

4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL+WL 7597.83 2018.21 4738.77 1387.31 518.04
5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+EP+EP DL+WL 7400.13 2018.21 3278.60 1387.31 518.04
6 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL+WL 7659.74 2018.21 3607.07 1387.31 518.04
7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 6930.00 2018.21 -211.12 1387.31 -518.04
8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+EP+EP DL-WL 6732.29 2018.21 -1671.28 1387.31 -518.04
9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL-WL 6991.91 2018.21 -1342.81 1387.31 -518.04
 ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN (ULS)

Total Ultimate Loads (Loads in KN, moments in KN-m)

Load Case Vu MLu MTu
10 Maximum longitudinal Moment case 9799.91 6645.2 4055.28
6 Maximum vertical load case 10627.31 3249.1 5410.61
8 Minimum vertical load case 9237.34 3249.1 -2506.92
13 Unloaded case 9591.79 7459.4 3353.03
Section is checked at abutment base

Length of abutment = 12.00 m

Abutment stem thickness at bottom = 1.2 m
2
Area of section = 14.40 m

Grade of concrete : M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Ecm of concrete = 31000 N/mm2 (From table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 38)
Es of steel = 200000 N/mm2 (From clause6.3.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 32)

Design compressive strength of concrete = sc = fcd = afck/gm = 13.400 N/mm2

(From clause6.3.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 32)
Design peak strength of steel = fy/gs = 434.782609 N/mm2

Slenderness criteria check:

Clear height of Abutment shaft = 2.15 m (upto abutment cap top)
Effective length, l e = 1.3l 0 = 2.795 m (Table 11.1, case-4, IRC:112-2011, page-114)

Now thickness of the wall, t = 1.2 m

Ratio of effective length to its thickness, l e /t = 2.329

As the ratio does not exceed 12, it is short and no secondary effect to be considered
(clause 7.6.4, IRC:112-2011, page-57)

1 Analysis of section longitudinal direction : ( Check for load combination case 10 )

2
Provide 32 mm dia. Bar 81 nos 65111.04 mm
2
+ 25 mm dia. Bar 81 nos 39740.625 mm
2
and 25 mm dia. Bar 6 nos 2943.75 mm
2
+ 25 mm dia. Bar 6 nos 2943.75 mm
Effective cover = 91 mm
The section is divided into 6 segments. Depth of each = 200 mm
2
Area of reinforcement in segment 1 = 66092.29 mm
2
Area of steel in segment 1 to 5 981.25 mm
2
Area of steel in segment 6 66092.29 mm
2
total area of steel = 104851.67 mm
% of steel = 0.73
P / fck = 0.025 section about longituidinal (xx) axis -
Pu / fck x b x d = 0.03 d' / D = 0.076 ~ 0.10
2
so, Mu / fck x b x d = 0.04 fy = 500
so, Mux1 = 20736 kN-m use chart no. 35

section about transverse (yy) axis -

Pu / fck x b x d = 0.03 d' / D = 0.008 ~ 0.05
so, Mu / fck x b x d2 = 0.06 fy = 500
so, Muy1 = 311040 kN-m use chart no. 35

Interaction check

(MEdx/MRdx)^a+(MEdy/MRdy)^a<= 1 (Eq. 8.3, IRC:112-2011,page-75)

Load Case 10 6 8 13
MEdx = Design moment in longitudinal direction = KN-m 6645.2 3249.1 3249.1 7459.4
MEdy = Design moment in transeverse direction = KN-m 4055.3 5410.6 -2506.9 3353.0
MRdx = Resisting moment in longitudinal direction = KN-m 20736.0 20736.0 20736.0 20736.0
MRdy = Resisting moment in transeverse direction = KN-m 311040.0 311040.0 311040.0 311040.0
NEd = Design axial force = KN 9799.9 10627.3 9237.3 9591.8
NRd = Design axial resistance = KN 237142.7 237142.7 237142.7 237142.7
NEd/NRd = 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Type of cross section of abutment = Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular
a= 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
(MEdx/MRdx)^a+(MEdy/MRdy)^a = 0.33 0.17 0.15 0.37
Check = OK OK OK OK

ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN (SLS)

Load Case Vu MLu MTu

1 Maximum longitudinal Moment case 7263.91 2018.2 2263.83
6 Maximum vertical load case 7659.74 2018.2 3607.07
8 Minimum vertical load case 6732.29 2018.2 1671.28

Stress level check:

Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of section considered = 1m

Section is checked for SLS

Design moment = 168.18 KN-m (for 1m width)
Width of section = 1m
Depth of section = 1.2 m
"E" value of steel = 200000 Mpa
"E" value of concrete = 31000 Mpa
Modular ratio in tension = 9.3
Concrete failure strain = 0.0035
Maximum allowable stress in concrete = 0.48fck = 14.4 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
Maximum allowable stress in steel = 0.8fyk = 400 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)
 2
Total reinforcement provided = 5441 mm
Effective depth "d" = 1109 mm
Netral axis depth = x = 235.20
CG of compressive force = 78.400 mm from most compressed surface
Now moment, M = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =

So, stress in steel = 30.0 Mpa OK, within permissible limit

Total force = 163.2 KN
Stress in concrete = 1.4 Mpa OK, within permissible limit

Crack width check:

Crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) Where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing

sm = mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavant combination of loads
cm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks.

Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)
Where, ssc = stress in the tension reinforcement = 29.99 Mpa
ae = Es/Ecm = 6.452
fct.eff = mean value of tensile strength of concrete = 2.8 Mpa
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff Where, Ac.eff = Effective area of concrete in tension, surrounding
the reinforcement of depth h c.eff
Where, hc.eff = lesser of the followings
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
Where, A = level of steel centroid
B = Effective tension area, Ac.eff
1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain

So, hc.eff = 227.5 mm

2
Ac.eff = 227500 mm
Now. rr.eff = As/Ac.eff = 0.0239185
kt = factor dependant on duration of the load may be taken as 0.5

Now in situations where spacing of bonded reinforcement within the tension zone is reasonably
close (i.e <=5(c+f/2)), the maximum crack spacing,

Where, f = diameter of bar = 32 mm c = clear cover = 75 mm

k1 = co-efficient taking acount of bond properties of reinforcement = 0.8
k2 = co- efficient taking account of distribution of strain = 0.5
So,Sr.max = 482.439 mm
And, sm-cm = -0.0001879
Minimum value of sm - cm = 8.997E-05
So, governing value of sm - cm = 8.99707E-05

So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) = 0.043 mm

Maximum crack width = 0.3 mm (Table 12.1, IRC:112-2011, page-122)
crack width within permissible limit
 LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT WELL CAP BASE (Ultimate Limit State)

Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 11650.98 -8035.64 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 105.7875 0 0 0 0
Surfacing 229.5686 0 0 0 0
Class A(2L/1S) LL1 832.44 0.00 2039.48 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(2L/1S) LL3 658.20 0.00 730.60 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(2L/1S) LL5 883.06 0.00 1019.94 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(2L/1S) LL1 5.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(2L/1S) LL3 8.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(2L/1S) LL5 11.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Earth Pressure 0 4679.88 0.00 1607.87 0.00
LL surcharge on Earth Pr. 0.00 2214.93 0.00 596.61 0.00
Dead Load Seismic 1136.53 3536.88 3536.88 1345.89 1345.89
Seismic Class A(2L/1S) LL1 14.78 0.00 166.32 0.00 22.18
Seismic 70R T(2L/1S) LL3 11.58 0.00 130.32 0.00 17.38
Seismic 70R W.(2L/1S) LL5 15.68 0.00 176.44 0.00 23.52
Wind load 333.92 0.00 3252.00 0.00 518.04
Increased Earth Pr. due to Sis. 0.00 2775.74 0.00 747.67 0.00

NON-SEISMIC CASE

B WIND
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br.
A LL+EP+EP LL LL+EP+EP DL+/-WL
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 1.5 LL 1.5
Braking LL 1.15 Braking LL 1.15
EP 1.5 EP 1.5
EP LL surcharge 1.2 EP LL surcharge 1.2
WL 1.5

SEISMIC CASE
A C
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL S+EP S+EP LL S DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 0.2 EP 1.5
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1.5
EP 1 EP seis 1.5
EP LL surcharge 0.2
DL sis 1.5
LL sis 1.5
EP LL sis 1.5
EP sis 1.5
 V ML MT HL HT
1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL 17528.62 -1170.38 3059.22 3127.75 0.00
N
2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+EP+EP LL 17269.89 -1170.38 1095.90 3127.75 0.00
O
N 3 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL 17611.13 -1170.38 1529.91 3127.75 0.00
4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL+WL 18029.50 -1170.38 7937.23 3127.75 777.06
S 5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+EP+EP DL+WL 17770.77 -1170.38 5973.91 3127.75 777.06
E 6 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL+WL 18112.01 -1170.38 6407.91 3127.75 777.06
I
7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 17027.74 -1170.38 -1818.78 3127.75 -777.06
S
M 8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+EP+EP DL-WL 16769.01 -1170.38 -3782.10 3127.75 -777.06
I 9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL-WL 17110.25 -1170.38 -3348.10 3127.75 -777.06
C 10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL1 S+EP S+EP LL S 18167.98 3743.68 5962.70 4867.54 2052.10
11 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL2 S+EP S+EP LL S 18128.79 3743.68 5646.92 4867.54 2044.90
12 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL3 S+EP S+EP LL S 18180.60 3743.68 5773.96 4867.54 2054.12
13 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis 17978.17 5640.63 5305.32 5552.16 2018.84
 DESIGN OF Well CAP BY BENDING ANALOGY (ULS)

Design of Well cap in flexure

Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of section considered = 1m

Section is checked for ULS

Design moment = 821.25 KN-m (for 1m width)
Width of section = 1 m
Depth of section = 1.8 m
"E" value of steel = 200000 Mpa
"E" value of concrete = 32000 Mpa
Design compressive strength of concrete =
fcd=afck/gm = 13.40 Mpa Where, a = 0.67
gm = 1.5
Design peak strength of steel = fy/gs = 434.783 Mpa Where, gs = 1.15
Concrete failure strain = Ôcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = Ôc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Yield strain of steel = 0.87fy/Es = 0.00218
Limiting strain of steel = (0.87fy/Es+0.002) = 0.00418

Reinforcement provided: 32 mm dia.

150 mm c/c distance
Total reinforcement provided = 5359 mm2
Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective depth "d" = 1709 mm
Actual Neutral Axis depth xu = (0.87fyAst )/(0.36fckb )= 215.85 mm
Actual strain in steel = 0.028 mm
Stress in steel = 434.783 Mpa
Balanced Neutral Axis depth xu,max = 779.304 mm
So, Section is under reinforced, ok
CG of compressive force = 89.792 mm from most compressed surface
Moment of resistance, Mu = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =
3772.708 kN-m OK

CHECK FOR SHEAR IN Well CAP (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)

Design Shear Force = 463.533 KN

The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement, VRd.c =
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d

Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.342
r1 = Asl/bw.d
2
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 5359 mm
bw = Width of section = 1000 mm
d= 1709 mm
r1 = 0.0031
scp = NEd/Ac < 0.2fcd, where, NEd = Axial compressive force = 0
Ac = Cross Sectional area of concrete
scp = 0
So,VRd.c = 535.76 KN
 Now, VRd.c minimum = (nmin+0.15scp)bw.d
where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.263995
So, VRd.c minimum = 451.168 KN
So, governing shear resistance = 535.76 KN OK, Safe in shear

SECTION Formula Critical Section

Design shear force (KN) = 463.5331771

Ref: cl-10.3.3.2, Eq-

Maximum Allowable shear
10.8, IRC-112:2011

αcw*bw*z*v1*fcd/(tanθ+
VRd,max(KN)= 6183.162
cotθ)
1 for σ cp =0, Ref: Eq-
αcw= 1
10.9, IRC-112:2011
bw(mm)= 1000
z(mm)= 0.9*d for RCC 1538.1

v1= for fck<80MPa 0.6

fcd= Design value of concrete 0.67*fck/γm 13.4

θ °= 45

Check SAFE

Maximum Allowable shear for

Ref: cl-10.3.2, Eq-10.8,
section without shear
IRC-112:2011
reinforcement
VRd.c(KN)= [0.12*K*(80*ρ1*fck)0.33+ 535.76
Vrd.c min = 451.17
Vmin = 0.26
K= 1.34
ρ1 = 0.00

σcp = 0.00

Maximum of VRd.c &

Governing shear resistance = 535.76
VRd.c,min

shear reinforcement = not required

Calculation of shear reinforcement:

Value of θ° = 45.00
tanθ= 1.00

cotθ= 1.00

Vrd.min= 6183.16
SHEAR REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
Stirrup Dia (mm),f= 12.00
No. of Leg, 4.0
Spacing of the stirrup (mm), S= 150.00

Asw, Provided (mm2)= 452.16

Asw, Required (mm2)= VRd.s=Asw/S*z*fywd 129.96

fywd (Mpa) = 0.8*fyk/γm, γm =1.15 347.83

Check Ref.: Eqn-10.7, IRC- OK

Ast, Provided (mm2)= 3014.40

Reinforcement ratio for shear Asw/(bw*d) 0.002

Min. Permissible Reinforcement

0.072*fck0.5/fyk 0.001
ratio for shear
Check Ref.: cl-10.3.3.5, IRC- OK

Minimum reinforcement for Crack Control Ref: Cl-12.3.3, IRC-112:2011

SECTION UNIT Support

As min= Minimum Area of steel requred in

kc*k*fct,eff*Act/σs mm2 3482.143
tensile zone
kc= coefficient which takes account of stress
0.4 x [1-σc/{k1 x (h/h*)
distribution within the section just prior to 0.400
x fcteff}]
cracking
h=D, Overall Depth mm 1500.000

h*= mm 1000.000

k1= co-efficient considering the effects of

0.444
axial forces on these stress distribution

Ned= Axial compressive force in the section KN 0.000

σc= Mean stress in the concrete acting in the

Ned/bw*h MPa 0.000
part of the section ubder consideration=

K=coefficient which allows for the effect of

0.650
non uniform self equlibrium stresses

σs= Minimum stress permitted in the

reinforcement immediately after formation of MPa 280.000
the crack
Act = Area of concrete within tensile zone mm2 1500000
Check SAFE
 LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT WELL CAP BASE (Ultimate Limit State)

Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 11650.98 -8035.64 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 105.788 0 0 0 0
Surfacing 229.569 0 0 0 0
Class A(2L/1S) LL1 832.44 0.00 2039.48 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(2L/1S) LL3 658.20 0.00 730.60 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(2L/1S) LL5 883.06 0.00 1019.94 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(2L/1S) LL1 5.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(2L/1S) LL3 8.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(2L/1S) LL5 11.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Earth Pressure 0 4679.88 0.00 1607.87 0.00
LL surcharge on Earth Pr. 0.00 2214.93 0.00 596.61 0.00
Dead Load Seismic 1136.53 3536.88 3536.88 1345.89 1345.89
Seismic Class A(2L/1S) LL1 14.78 0.00 166.32 0.00 22.18
Seismic 70R T(2L/1S) LL3 11.58 0.00 130.32 0.00 17.38
Seismic 70R W.(2L/1S) LL5 15.68 0.00 176.44 0.00 23.52
Wind load 333.92 0.00 3252.00 0.00 518.04
Increased Earth Pr. due to Sis. 0.00 2775.74 0.00 747.67 0.00

NON-SEISMIC CASE

B WIND
A DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP DL+/-WL
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1
SIDL 1 SIDL 1
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1
LL 0.75 LL 1
Braking LL 0.2 Braking LL 0.75
EP 1 EP 1
EP LL surcharge 1 EP LL surcharge 1
WL 1

N
V ML MT HL HT
O 1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL 12611.81 -1140.83 1529.61 2204.49 0.00
N 2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+EP+EP LL 12481.59 -1140.83 547.95 2204.49 0.00
3 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL 12650.92 -1140.83 764.95 2204.49 0.00
S 4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL+WL 12945.73 -1140.83 4781.61 2204.49 518.04
E
5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+EP+EP DL+WL 12815.50 -1140.83 3799.95 2204.49 518.04
I
S 6 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL+WL 12984.84 -1140.83 4016.96 2204.49 518.04
M 7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 12277.89 -1140.83 -1722.39 2204.49 -518.04
I 8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL2+Br. LL2+EP+EP DL-WL 12147.67 -1140.83 -2704.05 2204.49 -518.04
C 9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL-WL 12317.00 -1140.83 -2487.05 2204.49 -518.04
 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR ABUTMENT PILE CAP

Stress level check:

Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of section considered = 1m

Section is checked for SLS

Design moment = 547.79 KN-m (for 1m width)
Width of section = 1m
Depth of section = 1.8 m
"E" value of steel = 200000 Mpa
"E" value of concrete = 32000 Mpa
Modular ratio in tension = 9.333333
Concrete failure strain = 0.0035
Maximum allowable stress in concrete = 0.48fck = 14.4 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
Maximum allowable stress in steel = 0.8fyk = 400 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)

2
Total reinforcement provided = 5359 mm
Effective depth "d" = 1709 mm
Netral axis depth = x = 316.78
CG of compressive force = 105.590 mm from most compressed surface
Now moment, M = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =

So, stress in steel = 63.6 Mpa OK, within permissible limit

Total force = 341.1 KN
Stress in concrete = 2.2 Mpa OK, within permissible limit

Crack width check:

Crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) Where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing

sm = mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavant combination of loads
cm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks.

Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)
Where, ssc = stress in the tension reinforcement = 63.65 Mpa
ae = Es/Ecm = 6.25
fct.eff = mean value of tensile strength of concrete = 2.5 Mpa
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff Where, Ac.eff = Effective area of concrete in tension, surrounding
the reinforcement of depth h c.eff
Where, hc.eff = lesser of the followings
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
 Where, A = level of steel centroid
B = Effective tension area, Ac.eff
1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain

So, hc.eff = 227.5 mm

2
Ac.eff = 227500 mm
Now. rr.eff = As/Ac.eff = 0.0235558
kt = factor dependant on duration of the load may be taken as 0.5

Now in situations where spacing of bonded reinforcement within the tension zone is reasonably
close (i.e <=5(c+f/2)), the maximum crack spacing,

Where, f = diameter of bar = 32 mm c = clear cover = 75 mm

k1 = co-efficient taking acount of bond properties of reinforcement = 0.8
k2 = co- efficient taking account of distribution of strain = 0.5
So,Sr.max = 485.941 mm
And, sm-cm = 1.39E-05
Minimum value of sm - cm = 0.0001909
So, governing value of sm - cm = 0.000191

So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) = 0.093 mm

Maximum crack width = 0.3 mm (Table 12.1, IRC:112-2011, page-122)
crack width within permissible limit
RETURN WALL DESIGN

Height of return wall = 6.21 m

Length of return wall = 3.5 m
Coefficient of horizontal active earth pressure = 0.279
Earth pressure at bottom of wall = 34.652 KN/m2
Eart pressure at 1m above wall bottom = 29.072 KN/m2
Average eatrh pressure in 1m strip = 31.862 KN/m
Surcharge earth pressure equivalent to earth pressure of 1.2 m height = 6.696 KN/m2
Bending moment at wall junction due to earth pressure, M1 = 195.154 KN-m
Bending moment at wall junction due to surcharge earth pressure, M2 = 41.013 KN-m
Design moment at junction, Mu = 1.5M1+1.2M2 = 341.946 KN-m
Design shear force at junction, Fu = 1.5F1+1.2F2 = 195.398 KN
Design of return wall in flexure

3.5 m

0.55 m

Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of section considered = 1m

Section is checked for ULS

Design moment = 341.946 KN-m (for 1m width)
Width of section = 1 m
Depth of section = 0.55 m
"E" value of steel = 200000 Mpa
"E" value of concrete = 32000 Mpa
Design compressive strength of concrete =
fcd=afck/gm = 13.40 Mpa Where, a = 0.67
gm = 1.5
Design peak strength of steel = fy/gs = 434.783 Mpa Where, gs = 1.15
Concrete failure strain = cu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = c2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Yield strain of steel = 0.87fy/Es = 0.00218
Limiting strain of steel = (0.87fy/Es+0.002) = 0.00418
Reinforcement provided: 25 mm dia.
125 mm c/c distance
Total reinforcement provided = 4416 mm2
Clear cover = 50 mm
Effective depth "d" = 487.5 mm
Actual Neutral Axis depth xu = (0.87fyAst )/(0.36fckb )=
177.85 mm
Actual strain in steel = 0.010 mm
Stress in steel = 434.783 Mpa
Balanced Neutral Axis depth xu,max = 222.3 mm
So, Section is under reinforced, ok
CG of compressive force = 73.986 mm from most compressed surface
Moment of resistance, Mu = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =
793.879 OK

CHECK FOR SHEAR IN RETURN WALL (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)

Design Shear Force = 175.858 KN

The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement, VRd.c =
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d

Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.641
r1 = Asl/bw.d
2
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 4416 mm
bw = Width of section = 1000 mm
d= 487.5 mm
r1 = 0.0091
scp = NEd/Ac < 0.2fcd, where, NEd = Axial compressive force = 0
Ac = Cross Sectional area of concrete
scp = 0
So,VRd.c = 265.11 KN

Now, VRd.c minimum = (nmin+0.15scp)bw.d

where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.357
So, VRd.c minimum = 173.927 KN
So, governing shear resistance = 265.11 KN OK, Safe in shear
Serviceability Limit State check

For serviceability limit state, design momeny = M1+0.8M2 = 227.964 KN-m

Modular ratio in tension = 9.333333

Concrete failure strain = 0.0035
Maximum allowable stress in concrete = 0.48fck = 14.4 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
Maximum allowable stress in steel = 0.8fyk = 400 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)

2
Total reinforcement provided = 4416 mm
Effective depth "d" = 487.5 mm
Netral axis depth = x = 159.25
CG of compressive force = 53.083 mm from most compressed surface
Now moment, M = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =

So, stress in steel = 118.84 Mpa OK, within permissible limit

Total force = 524.76 KN
Stress in concrete = 6.590 Mpa OK, within permissible limit

Crack width check:

Crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) Where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing

sm = mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavant combination of loads
cm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks.

Now,

(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)

Where, ssc = stress in the tension reinforcement = 118.84 Mpa
ae = Es/Ecm = 6.25
fct.eff = mean value of tensile strength of concrete = 2.8 Mpa
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff Where, Ac.eff = Effective area of concrete in tension, surrounding
the reinforcement of depth h c.eff
Where, hc.eff = lesser of the followings
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2

x Where, A = level of steel centroid

2=0
B = Effective tension area, Ac.eff
h 1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
d

hc.eff

1 B
 So, hc.eff = 156.25 mm
2
Ac.eff = 156250 mm
Now. rr.eff = As/Ac.eff = 0.02826
kt = factor dependant on duration of the load may be taken as 0.5

Now in situations where spacing of bonded reinforcement within the tension zone is reasonably
close (i.e <=5(c+f/2)), the maximum crack spacing,

Where, f = diameter of bar = 25 mm c = clear cover = 50 mm

k1 = co-efficient taking acount of bond properties of reinforcement = 0.8
k2 = co- efficient taking account of distribution of strain = 0.5
So,Sr.max = 320.389 mm
And, sm-cm = 0.000303
Minimum value of sm - cm = 0.000357
So, governing value of sm - cm = 0.000357

So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) = 0.1142 mm

Maximum crack width = 0.3 mm (Table 12.1, IRC:112-2011, page-122)
crack width within permissible limit
Design of dirt wall

Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of section considered = 1m

Section is checked for ULS

Design moment (Non-Seismic) = 116.045 KN-m (for 1m width)
Design moment (Seismic) = 330.687 KN-m (for 1m width)
Width of section = 1 m
Depth of section = 0.4 m
"E" value of steel = 200000 Mpa
"E" value of concrete = 32000 Mpa
Design compressive strength of concrete =
fcd=afck/gm = 13.40 Mpa Where, a = 0.67
gm = 1.5
Design peak strength of steel = fy/gs = 434.783 Mpa Where, gs = 1.15
Concrete failure strain = Ôcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = Ôc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Yield strain of steel = 0.87fy/Es = 0.00218
Limiting strain of steel = (0.87fy/Es+0.002) = 0.00418

Reinforcement provided: 12 mm dia.

125 mm c/c distance
Total reinforcement provided = 904 mm2
Clear cover = 40 mm
Effective depth "d" = 354 mm
Actual Neutral Axis depth xu = (0.87fyAst )/(0.36fckb )= 36.42 mm
Actual strain in steel = 0.034 mm
Stress in steel = 434.783 Mpa
Balanced Neutral Axis depth xu,max = 161.424 mm
So, Section is under reinforced, ok
CG of compressive force = 15.152 mm from most compressed surface
Moment of resistance, Mu = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =
133.229 kN-m OK

CHECK FOR SHEAR IN RETURN WALL (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)

Design Shear Force (Non-Seismic) = 47.763 KN (For 1m strip)

Design Shear Force (Seismic) = 53.764 KN (For 1m strip)
The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement, VRd.c =
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
 Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.752
r1 = Asl/bw.d
2
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 904 mm
bw = Width of section = 1000 mm
d= 354 mm
r1 = 0.0026
scp = NEd/Ac < 0.2fcd, where, NEd = Axial compressive force = 0
Ac = Cross Sectional area of concrete
scp = 0
So,VRd.c = 135.37 KN

Now, VRd.c minimum = (nmin+0.15scp)bw.d

where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.394
So, VRd.c minimum = 139.346 KN
So, governing shear resistance = 139.35 KN OK, Safe in shear

Serviceability Limit State check

For serviceability limit state, design moment = 77.364 KN-m

Modular ratio in tension = 9.333333

Concrete failure strain = 0.0035
Maximum allowable stress in concrete = 0.48fck = 14.4 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
Maximum allowable stress in steel = 0.8fyk = 400 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)

Total reinforcement provided = 904 mm2

Effective depth "d" = 354 mm
Netral axis depth = x = 63.88
CG of compressive force = 21.295 mm from most compressed surface
Now moment, M = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =

So, stress in steel = 257.13 Mpa OK, within permissible limit

Total force = 232.53 KN
Stress in concrete = 7.280 Mpa OK, within permissible limit

Crack width check:

Crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) Where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing

Ôsm = mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavant combination of loads
Ôcm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks.

Now,
 (Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)
Where, ssc = stress in the tension reinforcement = 257.13 Mpa
ae = Es/Ecm = 6.25
fct.eff = mean value of tensile strength of concrete = 2.5 Mpa
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff Where, Ac.eff = Effective area of concrete in tension, surrounding
the reinforcement of depth h c.eff
Where, hc.eff = lesser of the followings
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2

x Where, A = level of steel centroid

2=0
B = Effective tension area, Ac.eff
h Ô1,Ô2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
d

hc.eff

1 B

So, hc.eff = 115 mm

2
Ac.eff = 115000 mm
Now. ρρ.eff = As/Ac.eff = 0.007864
kt = factor dependant on duration of the load may be taken as 0.5

Now in situations where spacing of bonded reinforcement within the tension zone is reasonably
close (i.e <=5(c+φ/2)), the maximum crack spacing,

Where, f = diameter of bar = 12 mm c = clear cover = 40 mm

k1 = co-efficient taking acount of bond properties of reinforcement = 0.8
k2 = co- efficient taking account of distribution of strain = 0.5
So,Sr.max = 395.421 mm
And, Ôsm-Ôcm = 0.000452
Minimum value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.000771
So, governing value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.000771

So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) = 0.305 mm

Maximum crack width = 0.3 mm (Table 12.1, IRC:112-2011, page-122)
revise
Summarised Reinforcement Detailing
(According to chapter 16, IRC:112-2011, page-171)
ABUTMENT SHAFT

Total vertical reinforcement provided = 9228 mm2

2
Concrete area, Ac = 1200000 mm
2
Now, 0.0024Ac = 2880 mm < steel provided, OK
2
and 0.04Ac = 48000 mm >steel provided, OK

Horizontal Reinforcement provide 16 mm dia. @

150 mm c/c.
Total horizontal reinforcement provided = 1340 mm2

Transeverse reinforcement provided =

2
Now, 0.02Ac = 24000 mm
> steel provided,No transeverse reinforcement required

Vertical reinforcement provided =

32 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c.
Horizontal reinforcement provided =
16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c.

Transeverse direction
Provide total 6 nos. in transeverse direction
2
Area of stirrups provided: Asw = 678.24 mm
Dimension of concrete core perpendicular to direction considered: b =
1100 mm
Volumetric ratio of transeverse reinforcement: rw = Asw/SL.b 0.00385
WELL CAP
Main reinforcement provided 32 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
2
Steel in 1m strip = 5358.93333 mm
2
As.min =( 0.26fctm/fyk)btd= 2221.7 mm OK
2
or, 0.0013btd = 2221.7 mm OK
Distribution reinforcement provided at bottom and both direction at top
25 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
OK
Provide surface reinforcement 16 mm dia. 6 Nos. each face
Provide shear reinforcement 12 mm dia. 4 L@
150 mm c/c.
RETURN WALL
Main reinforcement provided 25 mm dia. 125 mm c/c
Distributor reinforcement 16 mm dia. 125 mm c/c
OK
DIRT WALL
Provide main reinforcement 12 mm dia. 125 mm c/c
Distributor reinforcement 12 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
OK