SURVEILLANCE – is the planned observation of

persons, places, or objects. It however, is concerned

primarily with persons. *TERMINOLOGIES*
- whether foot or vehicle, is
predominantly a matter of common sense, ability, SUBJECT/POI/RABBIT – the person, place or
tact and ingenuity on the part of the surveillance object being watched.
officers.
SURVEILLANCE OF OFFICER/EYE – the person
GENERAL PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS who does the following or maintains the watch.

Patience CONVOY – an associate of the subject who follows

Stamina the subject in an attempt to detect surveillance.
Resourcefulness/Versatility
Alertness CONTACT – any person with whom the subject
Self- Control speaks, to whom he gives articles, or form whom
Judgement he receives articles.
Retentive Memory
Knowledge of Investigation HANGBACK – used by the person with the
Prior Surveillance Experience eyeball. It is used to alert the team members to hold
position till safe to continue their surveillance.
*CATEGORIES OF SURVEILLANCE*
LANDMARKS – the POI may walk past a distinct
landmark.
LOOSE SURVEILLANCE – is also known as
discreet surveillance. Observation of he subject or
DIRECTION OF TRAVEL – direction of travel the
object is not continuous. It may be called off when
POI is walking in.
the subject becomes suspicious.
STREET OF TRAVEL – the street/lane/road that
CLOSE SURVEILLANCE – continuous
the POI is walking on.
observation of the subject is maintained at all times,
even if he appears to become suspicious.
*TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE *
COMBINATION OF LOOSE & CLOSE
SURVEILLANCE – circumstances which usually FOOT SURVEILLANCE – employs the use of a
depend on a specific act of the subject may single, or more than one surveillance of officers to
necessitate a change from a loose surveillance to a monitor the subject travelling on foot. The
close surveillance without prior notice. surveillance of officers has to shadow him or tail
for the rest of the operation.
*METHODS OF SURVEILLANCE*
VEHICLE SURVEILLANCE – may involve the use
MOVING SURVEILLANCE – is conducted when of one or more automobiles, or other conveyances
the person, object or activity being watched moves normal to the area.
from one place to another. In this situation, the
surveillance of officers actually follows the subject *FOOT SURVEILLANCE*
of interest.
ONE MAN SURVEILLANCE – is used to conduct
FIXED SURVEILLANCE – is conducted when the the surveillance. It is best employed in fixed or
person, object or activity being watched is not static surveillance. Not recommended in moving
expected to move from one area. The surveillance surveillance because of it provides the least amount
of officers may, however, move from one vintage of flexibility in the surveillance.
point to another on the immediate area.
TWO MAN OR AB SURVEILLANCE – VEHICLE SURVEILLANCE
surveillance officer behind the subject is always *First sight of the target/associate vehicle whether
known as the A or alpha. stationary or on movie- a full description should be
A follows the subject and B either follows on the given to the rest of the crew.
same side of the street or from across the street.
When both A and B operate on the same side of the –Registration number
street as the subject, and the subject turns a corner, •Personalised, Unusual
B turns the corner behind the subject and assumes –Make/model
the position of A. •Ford Fairmont, Toyota Vios/Altis/
–Body Type
LEAPFROG – two or more surveillance of officers •Sedan, Wagon, 4WD
are sued to conduct this technique. This is a –Colour
variation of the AB and ABC methods. It is simple •Damage, old paintwork, unusual aerial, stickers
to execute and greatly reduces the chances of –Other outstanding features
subject recognizing the surveillance. •Rear view mirrors, roof racks, only one brake
light operating
PROGRESSIVE SURVEILLANCE – used when
extreme caution is necessary. It can be presupposed *COVER STORY*
by the surveillance of officers that the subject will Be prepared and you must match your story to
resort to every method to elude possible your props
surveillance. It is a slow technique and limited to –Ask for time, pen, directions
subjects who follow habitual daily routines. –Ask for a bag, purchase something small – have
money.
PLANNING – The subject will move primarily by –For coffee shops, ask for water and explain that
automobile therefore the need of surveillance you are waiting for someone
officers to follow by automobile. –Have mobile phone to mask communications

Factors taken into considerations: *CLOTHING

* A dependable mode of transportation *MOVE WITH THE CROWD
* license plate on car ( belong to an official) *DISTANCE
* a two way radio commo system *TIMING
* considerations for carrying emergency supplies *OBSERVATION POST
*BLEND IN
*VEHICLE SURVEILLANCE
THREE TECHNIQUES*

ONE VEHICLE TECHNIQUE – one vehicle

follows the subject alone to observe his movements
and to stay far enough to avoid ready detection.

TWO VEHICLE TECHNIQUE (4W & MC) – one

vehicle follows the subject at a varying distance
and another on a parallel street. The two vehicles
can exchange place from time to time.

3 OR MORE VEHICLE TECHNIQUE (4W & MC)

– provides greater flexibility than the two-vehicle “CASING”
technique. The “eye ball” keeps track of the subject
while another vehicle follows the “eye ball”. CLANDESTINE OPERATIONS – are the
planned activities of clandestine organization for - repeated visits on the site are not always or
the purpose of collecting information in the most secured since counter surveillance from the enemy
discreet way without unnecessary compromise as should always be taken into consideration.
much as possible.
-Every detail of the operational site should
CASING plays an important role in clandestine
included in the planning stage of the conduct of
operation.
operation.
-Knowledge of specifics will greatly simplify the
CASING – means something that encloses.
casing process and allow the selection of a site of
- in clandestine organization it is defined
maximum sustainability.
as visual inspection of an area or installation to
- use technical aids such as:
determine its suitability for clandestine operations.
-camera (visual record)
-Recorders (records details)
NATURE AND CONSIDERATIONS IN CASING
-magnets (to test sustainability of potential
dead drop sites)
*Casing is an indispensable preparatory step to the
conduct of virtually every type of clandestine ops
GENRAL DETAILS IN THE CONDUCT OF
such as:
CASING INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
PERSONAL MEETING
AREA DESCRIPTION
CLANDESTINE COMMUNICATION SUCH AS:
– business, residential, slum, squatter, rural etc.
-DEAD DROP OPERATION
-major buildings and installations.
- BRUSH PASS OPERATION

WEATHER CONDITIONS
*Audio and other technical surveillance such as
- determine possible weather condition when
stake out operation
planned operational activity is to be conducted.
- weather will affect infiltration and exfiltration of
PRIOR TO CASING personnel and will affect visibility and mobility.

*Determine that a specific need exists and what ACCESS TO THE AREA
information must be obtained. - routes that lead to and from the area
* Exhaust other available sources of information , -choke points
overt and covert. The study - types of vehicles that are accessible to the area,
maps/sketches/photos, etc. cost of transportation, etc.
*Develop a systematic and logical plan which will - flow of traffic on certain times of the day
help accomplish the task in the most efficient and
secure manner possible. POLICE AND SECURITY FORCES IN THE AREA
-private security guards, police outpost, their
DURING CASING
locations
the following must be done during Casing:
- routine activities eg. Stationary, foot and vehicular
1. ACT NATURALLY and in accord with cover,
patrols etc.
keeping cover story constantly in mind.
2. Make MEASUREMENT AND NOTES
WITHOUT DRAWING attention.
*SPECIFIC DETAILS*
3. GET ALL POSSIBLE INFORMATION on the first
visit to the area in order to avoid repeated visits.
SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONAL
AREA
CONDCUT OF CASING:
-floor plan, dimension of the floor area, vertical
- set first on idea on the general area which
clearances, arrangement of equipment, location of
surrounds the site and the specific area that is the
comfort rooms safety outlets, switches, water
site itself.
facilities, telephone number, gates and doorway,
staircases and the prevalent atmosphere in the
specific area.

LIMITATIONS
- if public establishment determine opening and
closing, peak and lean hours, clientele, menu,
entrance and exits, prices, flipping, restrooms,
telephones, etc.

In every clandestine operation SECURITY should

be placed foremost and above all.