Manual Part Programming and Programming of Lathes 157 6.6 REGISTER COMMANDS tis necessary that the control system should be aware where the tool is located with respect to the work envelope of the machine. ‘The method is to register the current position of the tool into the control system memory through the program using a command called position register command. G92 Position register command in machining centers G50 Position register command in lathes The formats are: G92 x. G50 X.. 6.7 PROGRAM FORMAT SPECIFICATION ACCORDING TO ISO ‘The program format as per ISO is: N4/G2/X43/Z43....te. This means that the block number can vary between 1 and 9999 (NO001 to N9999), preparatory function can have two digits, (G00 to G99), X-co-ordinates and Z-co-ordinates 7 digits each (e.g,, 12884.567, 0987.654) ete. However, there can be exceptions to these specifications, 6.8 PREPARATORY FUNCTIONS (G-FUNCTIONS) ‘These are commands which prepare the machine for different modes of movement like positioning, contouring, thread cutting ete. The preparatory functions always precede the dimension word. The preparatory functions as per DIN 66025 are given in Tables 6.2 and 6.3. ‘Some systems also permit the use of more than one G-function in a single block. 6.9 FIXED OR CANNED CYCLES Acanned cycle is a combination of machine moves that performs any one particular machining function such as drilling, milling, boring, tapping, ete. These are described in various sections in detail in this chapter. For example, a drilling operation involves fast approach to the work piece, drill at the specified feed rate and fast return. Programming a drilling operation, therefore, involves a minimum of three blocks. A component may require several holes to be drilled, Programming each drilling individually will make the part program lengthy, requiring, more memory space. Canned cycle permits coding the drilling operation as a cycle, call the cycle in the programme and position the workpiece wherever the drilling is to be carried out. Table 6.2 Preparatory Functions and their Function as per DIN 660025 Function Meaning | ‘G00 Point to point positioning | Got Linear interpolation | Go2 Gircular interpolation clockwise | Goa Circular interpolation anti-clockwise | G04 a J158 Computer Numerical Control Machines andl Computer Alded Manufacture “[ Parabolic interpolation —_ ~ ~ ‘Acceleration Deceleration XY plane selection XZ plane selection YZ plane selection Unassigned Thread cutting, constant lead Thread cutting, increasing lead 635 Thread cutting, decreasing lead C36 Se Unassigned G40 Tool offset cancel one Tool offset (G54 — G59 Linear Shift (G60 Fine positioning Get Medium Positioning ‘G62 Coarse positioning fast] G63 Tapping G80 Canned ayele cancel Get G89 Canned cycles ‘G90 ‘Absolute dimension Got Incremental dimension or Position pre-set G93 Tnverse time, feed rato G94 Feed/minute G95 Feedirevolution G96 Constant surface speed Go Spindle speed Table 6.3 G-functions of a Typical CNC Lathe Function Format Meaning Goo ‘00 XU ZW SM Linear movement at rapid traverse Got & Goo Straight line at feed rate Got GOI XU ZWACRFSM » Goo G01 XUZWACRFSMManual Part Programming and Programming of Lathes eos : ici interpolation ocaise ~ eos Gul interpolation anticlctvisa aoe SAW ATKF SM os XUN WRIKF SM God Dwell Goa xem oz Subroutine calup oz APOH 24.625, Rapid return to 00! changing point 28 Posi reference datum port 28 WSN 8 Thread tng Block by Bock 38 SEEN G37,G38 Too! data/parameter input a0 Cal down of ol nose radius compensation oat Callup of ol nose rads compensation 655 Reference to mactine zea datum G53 XZSM_ G54-G57 Workpiece zero datum position 58 Programmed adeonal zoo damn sh 58 Si art Tanguinal roughing oy Towards contour G71 APQIKDFS: er Face eughing syle lowards contour or APOKOFS ors Contour parle roughing oe G73 APQUWIKDFS G74 Longitudinal cycle with interrupted cut ara HEIKO 5 Facing oye wth erp oi a5 HATED G76 ‘Screw cutting cycle 75 AEIREFTERD or Chanfor oye or SAEWIRE G78 ‘Screw cutting cycle (S78... : 7160 Computer Numorical Control Machines and Computer Aided Manufacture [e7g : [chamfer cycie opposite to spindle direction G78 XTUZIWIKF Gat Multiple cycle Gat UWH G82 Threading cycle for taps or button dies G82 ZF G83 Drilling cycle in Z-axis G83 ZAWDHE G92 ‘Speed limitation and monitoring G82 Pa G94 Feed, mmimin G85 Feed, mmirev G96 Vv Constant cutting speed ‘G96 ‘G97 Spindle speed Gar SVX 6.10 ZERO-SUPPRESSION AIL CNC machines are equipped with decimal point input. In order to simplify program input the leading zeros can be omitted, e.g., 12.145 instead of 0012.145 Trailing zeros after decimal point also need not be entered. e.g, 12 instead of 12.000 10.4 instead of 10.400 6.11 FEED WORD (F) Feed in turning is the advance of the tool into the workpiece for every revolution of the workpiece. In machining centers (for drilling, milling, boring, etc.) feed rate is used. Feed rate is the product of feed and the rpm of the tool. While feed is expressed as mmirey, feed rate is expressed as mm/min, The calling address for feed or feed rate is F followed by a number of digits. The number of digits depends on the feed rate mode and the machine tool application. Decimal place is usually allowed. Examples: 0.25 Feed 0.25 mmirev F500 Feed rate 500 mm/min A feed override switch on the control panel permits the operator to vary the programmed feed usually between 0 to 200 %.