B.

Sc MLT SYLLABUS (3 & HALF YRS COURSE

Semester wise list of courses and credits

Semester I
Course Course Title L T P Credit
Code
MLT 401 Fundamentals of Medical Laboratory 2 0 2 3
Technology
MLT 402 Human Anatomy and Physiology-I (Theory) 2 0 0 2
MLT 403 Human Anatomy and Physiology-I 0 0 4 2
(Practical)
MLT 404 Introduction to Health 3 0 0 3
COMP-401 Basic Electronics & Computers Application 2 0 2 3
MAS 317 Applied General Maths 2 0 0 2
LNG 401 English for Professionals-I 2 0 2 3
GPT 301 Value and moral education 2 0 0 2
MLT 410 Remedial Biology 2 0 0 2
TOTAL CREDITS= 22/20

Semester II

S No Course Code Course Title L T P Credit

1. MLT 440 Fundamentals of Medical Laboratory 2 0 2 3
Technology & Biomedical Techniques
2. MLT 441 Human Anatomy and Physiology-II 2 0 0 2
(Theory)
3. MLT 442 Human Anatomy and Physiology-II 0 0 4 2
(Practical)
4. MLT 443 General Biochemistry 2 0 2 3
5. LNG 402 English for Professionals- II. 2 0 2 3
6. MLT 445 Community Health 2 0 0 2
7. MLT 405 Communication & Presentation Skills 2 0 0 2
TOTAL CREDITS= 17

1
 Semester III

S No Course Code Course Title L T P Credit

1. MLT 451 General Hematology -Theory 2 0 0 2
2. MLT 452 General Hematology -Practical 0 0 4 2
3. MLT 453 Clinical Pathology-Theory 2 0 0 2
4. MLT 454 Clinical Pathology-Practical 0 0 4 2
5. MLT 455 General Bacteriology-Theory 2 0 0 2
6. MLT 456 General Bacteriology-Practical 0 0 4 2
7. MLT 457 Clinical Biochemistry I-Theory 2 0 0 2
8. MLT 458 Clinical Biochemistry I-Practical 0 0 4 2
9. MAS 447 Biostatistics 2 0 0 2
10. ENV 415 Environmental Sciences-I 2 0 0 2
TOTAL CREDITS= 20

Semester IV

S No Course Course Title L T P Credit

Code
1. MLT 501 Clinical Biochemistry II -Theory 2 0 0 2
2. MLT 502 Clinical Biochemistry II-Practical 0 0 4 2
3. MLT 503 Bacteriology and Serology- Theory 2 0 0 2
4. MLT 504 Bacteriology and Serology-Practical 0 0 4 2
5. MLT 522 Immunology 2 0 0 2
6. MLT 506 Hematology -Theory 2 0 0 2
7. MLT 507 Hematology-Practical 0 0 4 2
8. MLT 581 Study Tour 0 0 10 5
9. ENV 416 Environmental Sciences-II 2 0 0 2
TOTAL CREDITS=21

2
 Semester V

S No Course Course Title L T P Credit

Code
1. MLT 521 Parasitology 2 0 2 3

2. MLT 505 Virology 2 0 0 2

3. MLT 523 Basic Tissue Pathology 3 0 0 3
4. MLT 524 Histopathology & Histopathological 2 0 0 2
Techniques-Theory
5. MLT 525 Histopathology & Histopathological 0 0 4 2
Techniques-Pract.
6. MLT 526 Immunohematology & Blood Banking- 3 0 0 3
Theory
7. MLT 527 Immunohematology & Blood Banking- 0 0 4 2
Practical
TOTAL CREDITS= 17

Semester VI

S Course Code Course Title L T P Credit

No
1. MLT 551 Mycology 2 0 2 3
2. MLT 552 Cytology & Cytotechnology-Theory 2 0 0 2
3. MLT 553 Cytoloogyv & Cytotechnology-Practical 0 0 4 2
4. MLT 554 Cytogenetics & Tissue Culture 2 0 0 2
.5 MLT 555 Advanced Diagnostic Techniques 2 0 0 2
6. MLT 591 Project 0 0 10 5
7. MLT 592 Comprehensive Viva 0 0 10 5
TOTAL CREDITS= 21

Semester VII
S Course Code Course Title L T P Credit
No
1. MLT 593 Internship- six months 0 0 20 10
2- MLT 594 Project 0 0 10 5
TOTAL CREDITS= 15

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TOTAL CREDITS = 22+17+20+21+17+21+15= 133 CREDITS
SEMESTER I
Course: FUNDAMENTAL OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

Course Code: MLT-401

Credits: 3(2-0-2)

1. Basic laboratory principles

2. Code of conduct of medical laboratory personnel.

3. Organization of clinical laboratory and role of medical laboratory technician

4. Safety measures

5. Medical laboratory professional - professionalism in laboratory workers, code of conduct,

communication between physician and lab technician

6. Common glasswares in clinical laboratory.

7. Cleaning, care and maintenance of glasswares.

8. Calibration of pipeletts and other volumetric apparatus.

9. Laboratory instruments.

• Microscopes-Principles, parts, use, care and maintenance of Light microscope,

Electron microscope, Fluorescent microscope, Dark ground microscope, Phase contrast
microscope etc
• Centrifuge
• Water bath
• Refrigerators
• Autoclave
• Hot air oven
• Mixer
• Water distillation apparatus.

10. General approach to specimen collection, transport and disposal.

11. Anticoagulants- E.D.T.A, Dipotassium salts of EDTA Double oxalate, single oxalate,
sodium citrate. Sodium Fluoride.

12. Preparation of solution: Normal solution, Buffer solution, Percent solution, normal saline,
Molar solution.

13. Preparation of Normal saline

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14. Methods of measuring liquids, weighting solids.

15. Clinical Laboratory records.

16. Modern Laboratory set up.

17. Quality control in clinical laboratories, basic outline

Course: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY- I (THEORY)

Course Code: MLT-402

Credits: 2(2-0-0)

1. Scope of anatomy and physiology and basic terminology used in these subjects.

2. Structure of cell. Its components and their functions and cell division.

3. Elementary Tissues of the Human body: epithelial connective, muscular and nervous
tissues, their sub-types, movements of joints

4. Osseous system: Structure, composition and function of skeleton,

5. Haemopoietc system: Compositions and functions of blood and its elements, their
disorders, blood groups and their significance, mechanism of coagulation.

6. Lymph and Lymphatic system: compositions and formulation and circulation of Lymph:
Basic physiology and functions of spleen.

7. Cardiovascular system: Basic anatomy of the heart, physiology of the heart, blood vessels
and circulation, Basic understanding of cardiac cycle, heart sounds and electrocardiogram. Blood
pressure and its regulation.

Course: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I (PRACTICAL)

Course Code: MLT-403

Credits: 2(0-0-4)

• Study of human skeleton

• Study of different systems with the help of charts and models.
• Microscopic studies of different tissues
• Recording of body temperature, pulse rate and blood pressure basic understanding of
Electrocardiogram –PQRST waves and their significance

5
Course: INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH
Course Code: MLT-404
Credits: 3( 3-0-0)
1. Health-Different definitions.

2. Concept of health, Concept of well being, standard of living, quality of life, Hygiene.

3. Dimensions of health, positive health, spectrum of health, spectrum of disease,

Responsibility for the health.

4. Determinants of health.

5. Indicators of health. Indices-PQLI, HDI, GDI

6. Levels of health care, concept of control and prevention.

7. Health team concepts, health service philosophies.

8. Concept of causation, surveillance, Monitoring

9. Modes of Intervention

10. Organization of health system-State, national level

11. Health Programs with reference to malaria, tuberculosis, MCH and HIV/AIDS

Course: BASIC ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Course Code: COMP -401
Credits: 3(2-0-2)
1 Introduction to computers
2 History of computer development and respective generation: Need to use computers,
Applications in Laboratory and in general.Computer classification; Mainframe, Mini and
Microcomputers, Comparison of Analog and Digital computers, Hardware and Software,
Calculator and Computer.
3 Operating systems: Introduction to types of operating systems, UNIX, MS-DOS etc. RAM,
ROM, Virtual Memory etc.
4 Types of Languages: Conventional languages, their advantages, Limitation C, Pascal, FORT
PAN and Programming of these languages.

6
5 Introduction to computer Networks: Architecture of seven layers of communications.
6 Introduction to Data structure: Like Queues, list, trees, Binary trees algorithms, Flow chart,
structured systems, Analysis and development, Ingress-SQL, gateways etc. statistics, Methodologies
7. Basic Language: Constants and variables: Character set, constants, variables, naming the
variables, getting data in to memory, LET, INPUT, READ, DATA, Print statement.
8. Expressions: Arithmetic expression, Hierarchy of operations, rules of Arithmetic, Evaluation of
expressions, Relational expressions, logical operations, Library functions.
9. Printer Control: Comma and semicolon central, the TAB function, PRINT, LPRINT, functions,
subroutines, subscribed variables.
10. Computer graphics.
11. Computer applications in clinical Laboratory.
12. Typing, saving, open, save files, PowerPoint Presentations, Microsoft word, excel sheet, how to
search data, workable knowledge of Internet
Cyber etiquette

Practical:
Exercises based on the following are to be dealt
1) Computer operating systems like UNIX, MS-DOS etc.
2) Simple program in BASIC.
3) Study of software packages like WORD-STAR, LOTUS-123 etc.

Course: Applied General math

Course Code: MAS 317

Credits: 2(2-0-0)

Unit 1.Sets, Cardian numbers, Power set, Union, Intersceting differences & symmetric
differences of sets, Venn diagram function

Unit 2.Liniar equation in one variable, Simultaneous Linear equation in two variables (graphics
and numerical methods)

Unit 3: Perimeter and area of triangle,rectangle,parellogram,trapezium,rhombus,sqare,circle

&ring area &volume of cuboids, right circular, cylinder sphere.

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Unit 4:Graphical representation of Data, Barr chat, Pie chart,Frequency,Polygon
curve,Histogram,Ogive,cumulative percentage, Frequency curve, measures of dispersions
(Standard deviation, Mean Daviation,Range,Quartile deviation)
Unit 5: Functions, types of functions, limit, Continuity, Differentiability, Differntiation of sum,
product and quotient Function, Integration (topics in bold are elementary)

Course: ENGLISH FOR PROFESSIONALS-

Course Code: LNG 401

Credits: 3(2-0-2)

SECTION I
Etiquette – Telephone, Table (Different ways of enhancing oneself)
Parts of Speech
Tens
Vocabulary.
-Synonyms.
-Antonyms.
-One word substitute.
-Homophones.
-Homonyms.
SECTION II
Composition
1) Orientation to different types of letter – Social, Business (formal & informal)
2) Essay writing – Descriptive, Narrative and Reflective.
3) Précis or Summary writing.

SECTION III
Pracdtical/ Spoken English
Through the conservation and discussion try to focus on developing their ability to talk about
objects and experiences around them.
1. JAM session.
2. Conversation.
3. Group discussion.
4. Role-plays.

Course: VALUE AND MORAL EDUCATION-

Course code: GPT 301
Credits:2(2-0-0)

1. My country and my people, being and becoming an Indian, nationalism and internationalism.

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2. Some life issues, love, sex and marriage, men and money, value of time, meaning of work,
human communication, human suffering, addiction and ecology, women’s issues.

3.Preparation of a career, choice of vocation, motivation for study and research, the present
educational system, curriculum and syllabus, teaching methods, examination and work
experience.

4. Definition of value education, Moral and Ethics, Laws and morale based on ten
Commandments and two great commandments.

5. Discovery of self, self awareness, growth of intellect- Men's Spiritual Nature, Emotions, will
respect of life, liberty, property, truth reputation.

6.Sin, Origin of sin, manifestation of sin, the results of sin, the remedy of sin, sin as an act, sin as
a state, sin as a nature.

7. Conscience- as defined in Oxford dictionary and Winston dictionary, types of consciousness

(such as evil, convicted, purged, pure, weak, good, void of offence).

Course: REMEDIAL BIOLOGY

Course Code: MLT-410

Credits: 2(2-0-0)

1. Term biology and its use, cell structure, cell organelles and its functions
Cell division

2. Difference in plant and animal cells

3. Basic introduction of various systems of the body

4. Brief introduction to genetics

***********

9
 SECOND SEMESTER

Course: FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY &

BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES

Course Code: MLT-440

Credits: 3 (2-0-2)

FUNDAMENTALS OF MLT
1) Common Lab accidents and ways for its prevention

2) First aid in the clinical laboratory

3) Storage and handling of dangerous chemicals

4) Common Laboratory hazards

5) Waste disposal in the labs

6) Medico legal aspects of Lab technology

7) Medical Laboratory Ethics

BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES
8) Methods of qualitative analysis.
9) Bimolecular Principles, experimental procedures and application of
chromatography: Paper, Thin layer, affinity, gel filtration, Gas-liquid and HPLC.
10) Principles, Procedures and application of Electrophoresis
11) Polyacrylamide gel, agarose gel and cellulose acetate

12) Quantitative methods: Principles and applications of photometry

13) Specrophotometry, Fluorormetry, Ion selective procedures, flame photometry,
Atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

14) Isotopes: Detection and measurement of radioactive isotopes, application of

isotopes in research and clinical biochemistry.

15) PCR, ELISA, RIA, Biochemical analyzers.

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Course: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II –(THEORY)

Course Code: MLT- 441

Credits: 2(2-0-0)

1.Digestive System: Gross anatomy of the gastro-intestinal tract, function of its different
parts including those of liver, pancreas and gall bladder, various gastrointestinal
secretions and their role in the absorption and digestion of food.

2. Respiratory system: Anatomy of respiratory organs & its functions, respiration,

mechanism and regulation of respiration, respiratory volumes and vital capacity.

3. Central Nervous System: Functions of different parts of brain and spiral cord.
Neurohumoral transmission in the central nervous system, reflex action
electroencephalogram, specialized functions of the brain, Cranial nerves and their
functions.

4. Autonomic Nervous System: Physiology and functions of the autonomic nervous

system. Mechanism of neurohumoral transmission in the A.N.S.

5. Excretory system: Various parts, structures and function of the kidney and urinary
tract, Physiology of urine formation and acid-base balance.

6.Reproductive System: Male and female reproductive systems and their hormones,
physiology of menstruation, coitus and fertilization. Sex differentiation, spermatogenesis
and oogenesis.

7. Endocrine System: Basic anatomy and physiology of the of Pituitary, Thyroid,

Parathyroid, Adrenals, Pancreas, Testes and ovary, their hormones and functions.

8. Sense Organs: Basic anatomy and physiology of the eye (vision), ear (hearing), taste
buds, nose (smell) and skin (superficial receptors).

9. Introduction to Community Health

a. Concepts of health and disease: Disease causing agents and prevention of disease.

a. Classification and food requirements: Balanced diet, nutritional deficiency

disorders, their treatment and prevention, specifications for drinking water.

11
b. Demography and family planning: Medical termination of pregnancy.

c. First Aid: Emergency treatment of shock, snakebites, burns, poisoning, fractures

and resuscitation methods.

HUMAN ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY-II (PRACTICAL)

MLT-442

CREDITS 2(0-0-4)

• Study of different systems with the help of charts and models.

• Microscopic studies of different types of cells & tissues.

• Slides showing inflammation, benign and malignant tissue

• Study of Contraceptive devices.

• Determination of vital capacity, experiments on spirometry.

• Study of First aid box.

GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY- (THEORY)

Course Code: MLT-443

CREDITS: 3(2-0-2)

1)Carbohydrates: Classification, chemistry, properties of metabolism.

monosaccharides.diaccharides, and polysaccharides. Carbohydrate
metabolism

2) Proteins: Classification of proteins and amino acids, their properties structure of

proteins and amino acids. Plasma proteins, general reaction of amino acids.

3)Lipids – Classification of lipids, properties of fatty acids, phospholipids and sterols

Biosynthesis of lipids and lipid metabolism.

4) Nucleic acid chemistry -Metabolism, products of hydrolysis, synthesis

and degradation of purines and pyramidines, nucleosides and nucleotides.

12
Structure of DNA- primary and secondary structure, different forms of DNA
-RNA - Structure and functions.
-Synthesis of DNA & RNA, protein synthesis.

5) Specimen collection & Transport-General methods of collection, Transportation,

Preservation, Storage of Biochemical specimens.

PHYSICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

1) Definition of chemistry and its branches, important terminology substance. Elements,

compounds, Eq. weight mixture etc

2) Acid, Bases and salt

3) pH, Buffer solution

4) Indicators

5) Preparation of Standard solutions

• Percent solution

• Normal solution

• Molar solution
6) Various grades of chemical reagents including LNR, evidity test

GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY -(PRACTICAL)

1. Reactions of carbohydrates Monosaccharide, Disaccharides Fructose, Lactose,

sucrose, Starch, Glycogen.
2. Reactions of Proteins Color reactions reaction of albumin, Globulin, peptones,
gelatin and casein.

3. Preparation of standard solutions.

13
4. De ionized and double distilled water

ENGLISH FOR PROFESSONALS-II

Course Code: LNG 402
Credits= 2-0-2=3

SECTION I

Grammar
1) Narration.
2) Voice change (Use of passive voice particularly in scientific and official writing).
3) Use of articles and preposition.
4) Figures of speech.
5) Vocabulary
- The language of Doctor and Patient.
- General description and Medical dicription.
- Medical terminology – roots.
- Prefixes and suffixes.
- Medical abbreviations.
6) Punctuation.
7) Common errors in English.

SECTION II

1) Precis writing.
2) Report writing (with special stress on scientific/technical reports, preparing
field/observation report).
3) Letter writing/application writing (Social, business letter, applying for a job, for
higher studies, Preparing curriculum vitae, subscribing to a journal, letters to the Editor).
4) Essay writing.

SECTION III
Practical/Spoken English

1) Conversation.
2) Group discussion.
3) Presentation.
4) Role plays.
5) Front Desk management, Fixing appointments, getting information – Managing
medical representatives, able to answer FAQs, lab reports writing, telephoning in a
hospital: the object is to practice influent conversation.

14
COMMUNITY HEALTH
Course Code: MLT-445

Credits: 2(2-0-0)

1. General concepts of health and diseases with reference to natural history of

disease with pre-pathogenic and pathogenic phase. The role of socio-economic and
cultural environment in health and diseases-Epidemiology and scope.

2. Public health administration-An overall view of the health Administration set up

at centre and state level.

3. The National Health Programmes- National Health programmes including

tuberculosis, malaria, MCH and HIV/AIDS.

4. Health problems in vulnerable groups-Pregnant and lactating women and infants

and school going children-occupational groups, geriatrics.

5. Occupational Health- Definition, scope-Occupational diseases, prevention of

occupational diseases and hazards.

6. Social security and other measures for the protection of occupational hazards,
accidents and disease. Details of compensation acts.

7. Family planning objectives of National family planning methods. A general idea

of advantages and disadvantages of the method.

8. Mental Health- community aspects of mental health; role of physiotherapists,

therapists in mental health problems such as mental retardation etc.

9. Communicable disease-An overall view of the communicable disease.

Classification according to the principal mode of transmission. Role of insects and their
vectors.

10. International health agencies.

Course: COMMUICATION AND PRESENTATION SKILLS

Course Code: MLT-405
Credits: 2(2-0-0)
1. Communication: Definition, meaning.
2. Importance of Communication in Health
3. Functions of Communication.
4. Communication channels-Definition dimension and classification, selection of
communication channels.

15
5. Feedback in communication –Feedback process, effect of feed back in health
communication.
6. Problems in communication-various types of problems.
7. Mass communication e.g. Radio, television, traditional systems like nukkad natak,
drama, puppet show
8. Inter personal communication: Lecture method (IPC).
9. Intrapersonal communication like demonstration, group discussions, seminars
symposium, workshop, conference, CME, communication network
10. Various ways of creating awareness about health related issues
11. Counseling, pre test counseling, post test counseling
*****************

THIRD SEMESTER

Course:GENERAL HAEMATOLOGY- THEORY

Course Code: MLT 451
Credits: 2(2-0-0)

• Blood and its constituents

• Origin, Development, maturation and fate of blood cells.

• Collection of blood –capillary and venous blood collection, various anticoagulants

and their uses, advantages and disadvantages.

• Different types of haemocytometers, their ruling and uses.

• ERYTHROCYTES – morphology of RBC in health and disease, functions of

RBC, RBC counting, diluting fluids used, erythrocyte indices

16
• LEUCOCYTES –Structure, function morphology, leucocyte count, absolute
eosinophil count, variation in WBC count.

• PLATELETS – Structure and function counting of plalalets, diluting fluids,

causes of thrombocytopenia/ thrombocytosis.

• PRINCIPLES OF STAINING- Romanowsky stains, preparation and use of buffer

solutions in staining.

• PREPARATION OF BLOOD SMEAR –Thin smear, thick smear, wet preparation

and buffy coat preparation, Leishman staining differential leukocyte count (DLL) with
recognition of abnormal blood cells.

• Quality control methods in cell counts Automatic blood cell counter.

• Bone marrow aspiration – Indications aspiration, preparation of bone marrow

smears, morphologic study of bone marrow films and its differential count.

• Identification of parasites (Malaria) microfilaria, L D bodies, typanosoma in

blood and bone marrow films.

• Supravital staining technique- principle and uses, demonstration and counting of

reticulocytes, .composition and preparation of brilliant cresyl blue stain.

• Principles and different methods of determining ESR and PCV, advantages and
disadvantages, Clinical significance of ESR and PCV normal values.

• Hemoglobin – Structure and function, Estimation of hemoglobin- principles,

techniques, advantages and disadvantages methods of identification of abnormal
hemoglobin, HB electrophoresis, Alkali denaturation tests and sickling phenomenon HB-
F and its demonstration.
Course: GENERAL HAEMATOLOGY -Practical
Course Code: MLT 452
Credits: 2(0-0-4)

• Different methods of blood collection & Preparation of anticoagulant bottles

• Hemoglobin
• TLC
• RBC count
• Platelet count
• ESR
• PCV
• Differential leukocyte count
• Absolute eosinophil count

17
• Reticulocyte count.
• Examination of Bone marrow smears

Course: CLINICAL PATHOLOGY-THEORY

Course Code: MLT 453

Credits: 2(2-0-0)
1.Urine
Collection of urine and its preservation, 24 hour urine collection for protein. Physical
examination of urine – examination of urine for colors, cloudiness, specific gravity,
reaction and pH.Chemical examination of urine.Microscopical examination of urine-
Urine sediment preparation, types of sediments and its examination.

2.Faeces
Collection and preservation, examination of motion for color, mucus, consistency, ova,
ameba, cysts, parasites, puscells, RBC and crystals. Detection of occult blood in stool,
concentration techniques.

3.Sputum
Method of collection for various purposes including AFB fugal, malignant cells and
others. Microscopic examination of sputum, sputum for AFB.

4.Semen
method of collection examination of semen for time for liquefaction,
volume,colour,reaction pH, motility of spam, sperm count and other findings staining
and morphological study of spermatozoa, semen fructose determination, Antisperm
antibodies

5.CSF
General introduction method of CSF collection, Transport of CSF, examination of CSF,
colour, turbidity and fibrin clot (Cob web), total and differential leukocyte count. CSF
examination by gram’s staing and acid fast staining, biochemical tests, clinical
significance of CSF analysis in various meningitis and encephelitis and interpretations.

6.Other body fluids

Methods of collection, transport and macroscopic and microscopic examination of ascetic
fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid and synovial fluid.

7.Pregnancy tests
Different methods of testing and chronic gonadotropin assay with urine

Course: CLINICAL PATHOLOGY-PRACTICAL

Course Code: MLT 454

Credits: 2(0-0-4)

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• Urine-collection, processing, physical, chemical and microscopic examination.
• Collection, preservation and examination of stool
• Sputum collection and microscopy.exminaton of sputum for AFB.
• Analysis and examination of semen-physical examination, sperm motility,
morphological study of sperms, fructose determination in semen.
• Analysis of CSF, microscopical and chemical examination of CSF.
• Macroscopic and microscopic examination of Ascitc fluid, Pleural fluid,
pericardial fluid and synovial fluid.

Course: GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY-THEORY

Course Code: MLT 455
Credits: 2(2-0-0)
1. History of microbiology – classification of microorganism – Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes

2. Morphology of bacteria – size, shape and arrangement of bacterial cell – cell wall,
cytoplasmic membrance, flagella, fimbriae and pilae, cytoplasmic matrix,nucleoid,
cytoplasmic inclusions.

3. Bacteria – Bacterial growth curve, growth requirements

4. Stains –simple stain, negative stain, differential stain, special stain.

5. Sterilization and disinfection – Definition physical agents – (sunlight, Drying,

Dryheat, Moist heat, filtration, Radiation, Ultrasonic and sonic vibration)
6. Chemical- (Alcohols, Aldehydes, Dyes, Halogens, Phenols, Gases)

7. Culture methods (streak culture, Pour plate culture, Stab culture, Anaerobic
culture methods)

8. Identification of bacteria sero-typing and sub-typing, phage typing.

9. Bacterial genetics- methods of gene transfer – Transformation-mechanism,

natural and artificial, Transduction-mechanism, generalized and specialized transduction,
lysogenic conversion, Conjugation-Properties of F-plasmid, HFr strains, col factor,
Mechanism

10. Bactic Culture

11. Antibacterial antibiotics and their mode of action.

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12. Normal bacterial flora of human body.

13. Automation in microbiology

14. Quality control in clinical microbiology laboratory.

Course: GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY-PRACTICAL

Course Code: MLT 456
Credits: 2(0-0-4)

• Sterilization techniques.
• Staining techniques-Gram stain, Acid fast stain, Albert stain.
• Study of motility of bacteria, Hanging drop preparation.
• Preparation of diffent culture media and Biochemical media.
• Culture techniques
• Isolation of bacteria on Nutrient agar, Blood Agar, Maconky agar
• Biochemical reactions-Sugar fermentation test, Oxidation-Fermentation test,
Urease test, Citrate test, TSI, M.R., V.P.
• Antibiotic sensitivity test-MIC, MBC, Agar dilution, Broth dilution, Disc
diffusion etc
• Anaerobic culture methods.

Course: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY-I THEORY

Course Code: MLT 457
Credits: 2(2-0-0)

1) COLORIMETRY – principle and its working

2) CARBOHYDRATES-blood sugar and its types, diabetes mellitus, complications of

diabetes mellitus, test for blood sugar carbohydrates digestion and absorption

3) LIPIDS - digestion and absorption. Metabolism- synthesis of fatty acids, oxidation of

fatty acids, cholesterol biosynthesis and regulation, biologically important compounds
synthesized from chorlesterol, liportopic factor and Laboratory tests for cholesterol

4) PROTEINS -Digestion and absorption metabolism, synthesis and degradation of

amino acids.

5) LIVER FUNCTION TESTS - Bile pigment metabolism, jaundice and its type, tests for
liver function.

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6) RENAL FUNCTION TESTS – Functions of Kidney, disease of kidney, Renal
Function Tests.

7) GASTRIC FUNCTION TESTS– Functions of stomach, tests for gastric function.

8) UROLITHIASIS - Formation of calculi, composition and types of calculi.

Examination of calculi

Course: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY-I PRACTICAL

Course Code: MLT 458
Credits: 2(0-0-4)

• Estimation of glucose
• Estimation serum of creatinine
• Estimation of serum bilirubin
• Estimation of serum albumin
• Estimation of SGPT by UV kinetic
• Estimation of serum triglycerides
• Estimation of serum cholesterol
• Estimation of serum HDL cholesterol
• Estimation of serum uric acid
• Estimation of serum urea
• Estimation of total protein, AG Ratio, Globulin Fraction
• Estimation of serum alkaline phosphatase

Course: Biostatistics
Course Code: MAS 447
Credits: 2(0-0-0)

Unit 1) INTRODUCTION TO BIOSTATISTICS

Defination, role of statistics in health and healh delivery systm.

Unit 2.) MEAURES OF LOCATION

Arithmetic mean, median mode, quartile and percentile definition, computation (for raw
data), merits, demerits and application. Use of random number table.

Unit 3) MEASURES OF VARIATION

Range, inter quartile range,varience,standard deviation, coefficient of variation,
computation(for raw data),merits, demerits and application.

Unit 4) SAMPLING
Population.sample, sampling,reagon for sampling, probability and non probability
sampling

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Methods of probability sampling –simple, random, stratified, systematic procedures,
merits and demerits

Unit 5) ORGANIZATION OF DATA

Frequency table, histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve, bar diagram, pie chart.

Unit 6) BASIC PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION

Concept of probability and probability distribution.normal, poisnous, and binomial
distribution, parameters and applications. Concept of sampling distribution. Standard
error of confidence intervals.skewnees and kurtosis

Unit 7) TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE

Basics of testing of hypothesis-null and alternate hypothesis Type I and type II errors.
Level of significance and power of test,pValue.
Tests of significance (parametric) t test(paired and unpaired),chi square test, one way
analysis of variance.

Course: Environmental Sciences-I

Course Code: ENV 415
Credits: 2(0-0-0)

UNIT 1) THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Definition, scope and importance

UNIT 2) ECOSYSTEM
• Concept of an ecosystem
• Structure and function of ecosystem
• Producers, consumers and decomposers
• Energy flow in ecosystem
• Ecological succession
• Food chain, food wave and ecological pyramids
• Introduction types and characteristics of the following ecosystem
a. forest eco system
b. grassland ecosystem
c.desert ecosystem
d.aquatic eco system(ponds,lakes,rivers,ocean,streams etc)

Unit 3) SOCIAL ISSUES AND ENVIRONMENT

• From unsustainable of sustainable development.
• Urban problem related to energy
• Water conservation,rain water harvesting,water shed manegment
• Resettlement and rehabilitation of people:it’s problem and concern,casev
studies
• Environmental ethics:issues and possible solutions

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• Climate change,global warming,acid rain,ozone layer,depreeion,nuclear
accidents and holocaust,case studies
• Water and reclamation
• Consumerism and waste products
• Environment protection Act
• Air prevention and control of pollution act
• Visit to local polluted site (urban,rural,industrial and agricultural)
• Study of common plants and insects
• Issues involve in enforcement of environmental legislation: public awareness
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FOURTH SEMESTER

Course: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY II-THEORY

Course Code: MLT 501
Credits: 2(2-0-0)

1) ENZYMES – Definition, nature of enzymes, km value and its determination co

enzymes, factors influencing enzyme enzyme inhibition, mechanism of enzyme action,
Isoenzymes, Enzymes in clinical diagnosis.

2) HORMONES - Introduction, classification, chemistry and function.

3) HAEMOGLOBIN – Chemistry, properties and synthesis, metabolism of pigments Hb-

derivatives – abnormal hemoglobin, Hb electrophoresis
Porphyrins and disorders of porphyrins metabolism, chemistry of porphyrins metabolism,
chemistry of porphyrines, primary disorders of haemsynthasis, secondary disorders,
Analytical procedures

4) WATER AND MINERAL METABOLISM – General consideration, Regulation of

water. Phenomenon of thirst, mineral Metabolism (Ca, Na, Cl K, P)

5) CARDIAC PROFILE TESTS – Introduction, Heart diseases, Laboratory tests for heart
diseases. Troponin TM, qualitative and quantitative

6) VITAMINS – Introduction, classification, chemistry, clinical significance.

7) URINALYSIS – 24 hour urine sample collection and assays for proteins, Ca, P, urea,
creatinine, uric acid.

8) Acid- Base balance.

9) Water and electrolyte balance, Osmolality.

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10) Buffers of blood-Blood pH.Methods of determination of blood pH.

11) Quality control in clinical biochemistry laboratory.

Course: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY-II PRACTICAL

Course Code: MLT 502
Credits: 2(0-0-4)

• Estimation of SGPT
• Estimation of SGOT
• Estimation of serum acid phosphatases
• Estimation of serum Amylase
• Estimation of serum inorganic phosphorous
• Estimation of serum sodium
• Estimation of serum Potassium
• Estimation of urinary calcium
• Estimation of pH of water
• Demonstration of equipment

Course: BACTERIOLOGY AND SEROLOGY- THEORY

Course Code: MLT 503
Credits: 2(2-0-0)

Systematic study of morphologic, cultural biochemical and antigenic characters,

epidemiology, pathogenesis, Laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of
following bacterial pathogens.

1. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococci, Neisseria.

2. Haemophilus, Corynebacterium diptheriae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,

Mycobacterium leprae, Atypical mycobacteria.

3. Enterobacterianceae- Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus,

Vibrio, Pseudomonas.

4. Yersinia, Anthrax bacilli, Clostriadia, Non sporing anaerobes.

5. Spirochetes- Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira

6. Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Actinomycetes.

7. Bacteriology of air, water and milk

8. Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial infections.

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9. Serological diagnosis of microbial diseases

10. TORCH profile

• Widal test
• V.D.R.L test
• R.P.R TEST
• Antistreptolysin’O test
• C.R.P.
• Rheumatoid factor test
Rose waaler test
Latex agglutination test
• Fluorescent antibody test
Antinuclear antibody test
Fluorescent treponemal antbody absorption test

Course: BACTERIOLOGY AND SEROLOGY –PRACTICAL

Course Code: MLT 504
Credits: 2(0-0-4)

Bacteriology

• Identification of unknown bacteria

• Study of cultural characteristics, Biochemical reactions and antibiotic
sensitivity of the following bacteria

• Staphylococcus, Streptococcus

• E.coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus, Vibrio etc

Serology

• Widal test
• V.D.R.L test
• R.P.R TEST
• Antistreptolysin’O test
• C.R.P.
• Rheumatoid factor test

Course: IMMUNOLOGY
Course Code: MLT 522
Credits: 2(2-0-0)

1) Immunity-definition, classification, mechanism-Innate immunity and

Acquired immunity, Vaccines

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2) Antigens-Definition properties and Types of antigens
3) Antibodies-definition, structure of immunoglobulin, immunoglobulin
classes and its function
4) Complement system
5) Antigen -Antibody reaction
6) Immune responces-Humoral and Cell mediated immune responces,
Lymphokines, basic knowledge of different kinds of immunocompetant
cells.
7) Monoclonal antibodies
8) Immunodeficiency diseases including HIV/AIDS
9) Hypersensitivity reaction
10), Autoimmunity

11) Autoimmune disorders and Transplantation immunology, autoimmune disorders.

Course: HEMATOLOGY-THEORY
Course Code: MLT 506
Credits: 2(2-0-0)

• Mechanism of blood coagulation – coagulation factors, laboratory methods used in

investigation of coagulation disorders Bleeding time, whole blood coagulation time, one
stage prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time with kaolin, Thromboplastin
generation test, Thrombin clotting time. platelet function test, clot retraction , tourniquet
test, plasma recalcification time, prothrombin consumption index, Estimation of
fibrinogen, clot lysis time, lysis of fibrin clots, assay of coagulation factors, Haemophilia
and its laboratory parameters, measurement of life span of platelets.

• Cytochemistry – Peroxidase, Sudan block, and Esterases, Perl’s staining and

estimation of Iron content in bone marrow smears and its significance.

• Thalassemia and hamoglobinopathies (in brief)

• Definintion, Classification, Laboratory diagnosis of various types of anemia,

polycythaemia vera, leucocytosis, leucopenia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, neutropenia
and Agranulocytosis, infectious monucleosis.

• Definition and FAB classification of leukemia, Acute and Chronic leukemia blood
and bone marrow findings in acute myeloid Leukemia (AML).acute lymphoid leukemia
(ALL) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML),chronic lymphatic leukemia,(CLL),
Erythroleukemia, Eosinophilic Leukemia, megakaryocytic leukemia, leukemoid blood
reactions, FAB classification, Multiple Myeloma (in brief)

• Systemic methods of examination of blood film (blood Picture) and reporting

26
• LE cell phenomenon and demonstration of LE cells, principle, method and
significance of osmotic fragility test, Acid haemolysis (ham’s test), G6PD estimation and
its significance.

• Automation and recent advances in hematological techniques.

Course: HEMATOLOGY-PRACTICAL
Course Code: MLT 507
Credits: 2(0-0-4)

• Bleeding time
• Clotting time
• PT
• APTT
• Determination of fetal hemoglobin
• Osmotic fragility test
• LE cell phenomenon
• Heinz body preparation
• Determination of G-6-PD
• Demonstration of slides of various disorders of anemia and leukemia

Course: Environmental Sciences -II

Course Code: ENV 416
Credits: 2(2-0-0)
Unit 1) Natural resources
• Forest resource
• Water resource
• Minerals resource
• Food resource
• Energy resource
• Land resource
Role of an individual in conservation of Natural resources
Equitable use of resourses for sustainable life

Unit 2) Biodiversity and its conservation

• Introduction-defination,generic,species and ecosystem friendly
• Biogeographically classification of india
• Value of diversity consumptive use, productive use, ethical aesthetic and option
values
• Biodiversity as global, national and regional level.
• India as mega diversity nation.
• Hot spots of diversity.
• Theats to diversity: Habitat loss, poaching of wild life, man animal life
conflicts

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Unit 3) Environmental pollution
Definition causes effects and control measures of
• Air pollution
• Water pollution
• Soil pollution
• Marine pollution
• Thermal pollution
• Noise pollution
• Nucler hazards pollution
-Soil waste manegment, cause effect and control measures of urban and industrial wastes.
-Role of an individual to prevent pollution
-Disaster manegment: floods, earthquake, cyclones and land slides.

*********

FIFTH SEMESTER

Course: PARASITOLOGY- (THEORY)

Course Code: MLT 521
Credits: 3(2-0-2)

1. Introduction

2. Classification of parasite

3. Classification of host

28
4) Study of morphology, important developmental
stages, Symptoms, Pathogenesis, epidemiology,
diagnosis, treatment, prevention of the following parasites

• Protozoa-Entamoeba,Trichomonas, Trypanosoma, Leishmania,

Giardia, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Isospora, balantidium, Cryptosporidium, Pnemocystis
carinii.

• Platyhelminthes-Diphyllobothrium,Taenia, ccinococcus,
Hymenolepsis, Schistosoma, Fasciola,Clonorchis,Paragonimus.

• Nematehelinthes-Ascaris, Ancylostoma, Necator, Srongyloides,

Trichinella, Enterobious, Trichuris trichura, wuchereria, Brugia, Loa loa, Dracunculus.

6) Laboratory diagnosis of parasitic infections.

7) Demonstration of various stages of parasites
8) Direct and indirect means of demonstration of parasites in the body, nonspecific
gamma globulins, specific antibody demonstration, complement fixation, malaria card
antigen

PARASITOLOGY -PRACTICAL

-Collection, preservation and processing of stool specimens

-Stool examination

• Direct wet mount for parasites and parasitic eggs.

• Concentration methods of stool.
• Egg counting technique

-Examination of parasites in blood.

Course: VIROLOGY
Course Code: MLT 505
Credits: 2(2-0-0)

1) Introduction to virology-Classification, Structure and General properties of viruses

2) Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections-Specimens collected, Processing of

specimens, Different methods of diagnosis.

3) Bacteriophage

4) Biological characteristics of the following viruses with tests

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• Pox virus
• Myxovirus
• Arbovirus
• Herpes virus
• Enterovirus
• Rabies virus
• Rota virus
• HIV virus
• Oncogenic viruses (in brief)
• Slow viral diseases (in brief)

Course: BASIC TISSUE PATHOLOGY

Course Code: MLT 523
Credits: 3(2-0-2)

• Introduction
• Cell, tissue

• General pathology

-Injury and cell death.

-Acute and chronic inflammation
-Repair and healing
-Neoplasia

• Environmental and nutritional pathology (occupational diseases )

• Blood vessels, (normal vasculature, artery, vein)
• Heart- Normal myocardium, discussion on diseases.
• Lungs pneumoconiosis
• GI tract – important diseases.
• Demonstration of various slides

Course: HISTOPATHOLOGY & HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES –

THEORY

Course Code: MLT 524

Credits: 2(2-0-0)
• General understanding of the terms –Histology, histopathology and
histopathological techniques.

30
• General organization of histopathological laboratory and basic requirements of
histopathology laboratory. (Glass wares, chemical and Reagent, Equipment and
Instruments). Responsibilities of a histotechnologist.

• General introduction to processing of tissues. cell nucleus, cyto. Membrance,

cytoplasm, cell division).

• Basic stops in tissue processing fixation, embedding, microtomy, staining,

mounting.

• Fixation and fixatives- Aim of fixation, classification of fixation, classification of

fixatives, Different fixatives used, its advantages and disadvantages.

• Decalcification- Aim of decalcification, selection of tissue, fixation, decalcifying

agents used, Decalcification techniques.

• Tissue processing- Technique of dehydration, clearing (Aim of cleaning, different

cleaning agents), Impregnation, techniques of casting Blocking, section cutting.

• Principles, operation, parts and use of automatic tissue processors.

• Different types of microtomes, microtone knives.

• Staining- Principles of staining Basic staining techniques, special stains in

histopathological studies.

• Mounting- Different mounting media and mounting techniques.

• Museum techniques- General introduction, organization of museum, mounting of

museum specimens.

• Frozen sections- Principles, methods used, freezing micro sections, staining of

frozen sections and application of frozen sections.

• Immunohistochemistry

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HISTOPATHOLOGY & HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES –
PRACTICAL

Course Code: MLT 525

Credits: 2(0-0-4)
• Basic steps of tissue processing.

• Preparation of fixatives and fixation.

• Embedding.

• Microtomy.

• Staining.

• Mounting.

• Various methods of preparation of tissue sections.

• Paraffin section, celloidin embedding, frozen section.

• Decalcification.

• Tissue processing (Manual / Automatic).

• Section cutting and sharpening of microtone knife.

Course: IMMUNOHAEMATLOLOGY AND BLOOD BANKING (THEORY)

Course Code: MLT 526
Credits: 3(3-0-0)

• General Introduction to blood banking

• Antigen-Antibody Concept, precipitation, flocculation

• General management and essential components of blood bank.

• ABO blood group system – Inheritance, distribution antibodies in ABO system,

Subgroups, ABO grouping methods and factors influencing

32
• RH Blood group system - Inheritance and distribution, antibodies, Hemolytic
disease of newborn, RH typing methods.

• Other blood group systems -

M N S blood group
P Blood Group
Lutheran Blood group
Kell blood group
Lewis blood group
Duffy blood group
Kid blood group
Bombay blood group

• Blood transfusion – Donor screening, collection of blood.

• Screening of blood, Anticoagulants used in blood bank, storage of blood.

• Transfusion reaction – Principles and methods of investigating

Transfusion reactions, diseases transmitted by blood transfusion
.
• Component therapy – preparation and transfusion of leucocytes poor blood, RBC
concentrate platelet rich plasma, platelet concentrate factor VIII, Transfusion of plasma,
components and preparation of cryoprecipitate, its use and advantages.

• Human Leukocyte Antigen (H L A) system.

• Automation and recent developments in blood banking techniques.

Course: IMMUNOHAEMATLOLOGY AND BLOOD BANKING –PRACTICAL

Course Code: MLT 527
Credits: 2(0-0-4)
• ABO grouping-Cell and serum grouping
• Rh grouping
• Test for Du antigen
• Compatibility test-Major and Minor cross matching & Coombs cross matching
• Coombs test-Direct and Indirect.
• Screening of blood for infectious agents-HIV test, HBV, HCV, V.D.R.L, malaria
etc

SIX SEMESTER

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Course:MYCOLOGY -(THEORY)
Course Code: MLT 551
Credits: 3(2-0-2)

1) Introduction to mycology, classification of fungal infections, fungal infections in men.

2) Laboratory diagnosis of fungal infections-Specimens collection, transport

of specimens, Different methods employed-direct microscopic
examination, Slide culture technique, fungal culture, serology and animal
inoculation.

3) Superficial cutaneous mycoses- Malassezia infections, Taenia nigra,

Piedra, Dermatophytosis.

4) Subcutaneous mycosis-Mycetoma, Sporortricosis, Chromoblastomycosis,

Phaeohypomycosis, Rinosporidiosis, Lobomycosis

5) Systemic mycoses-Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis,

Coccidioidomycosis, Paracoccidioidomycosis.

6) Opportunistic mycoses- Candidiasis, cryptococcosis, Penicilliosis, Aspergillosis,

Zygomycosis.

7) Occulomycosis

8) Otomycosis

9) Mycotic poisoning

MYCOLOGY- PRACTICAL

1. Collection, Transport and Processing of specimens & stains.

2. Morphologic study of fungi.

• Lacto Phenol Cotton Blue Mount, KOH preparation

• India ink preparation.
• Germ tube test.

3. Fungal culture

• Preparation of culture media

• Methods of culture.
• Study of colony characteristics.

34
Course:CYTOLOGY & CYTOTECHNOLOGY-THEORY
Course Code: MLT 552
Credits: 2(2-0-0)

• Cell morphology and physiology

• Cell structure and functions – lining membrane epithelia, stratified squamous

epithelia, columnar epithelia, epithelia serving reproductive function and miscellaneous
epithelia.

• Various cells seen in cytological preparations

• Body fluids: method of collection transport and macroscopic and microscopic of

Ascitic fluid, pleural fluid, and synovial fluid with special reference to cytology.

• Genitourinary cytology (including normal and abnormal )

Histology and cytology of epithelia of female genital tract during the child bearing age.
Cells originating from the normal squamous epithelium of cervix vagina.
Squamocolumnar junction. Endocervical epithelium ciliary tuft. Cells originating from
normal Endometrial. Endometrial smears in women wearing intra uterine devices, cells
other than epithelia in normal smears, normal vaginal floras. Cyclic changes in vaginal
smears. Basic cytologic pattern of menopause, early, crowded and Atrophic menopause.
Importance of physiologic cytology of prepubertal females. Vaginal smear at ovulation
time.

• Excretory system: Cytology in the absence of cancer, cytology of normal urine-

voided urine and catheterized urine. Inflammatory process with in the lower urinary tract.
Bacterial fungal (Monilia) and viral infections and associated changes. Cytologic changes
in bladder epithelium due to therapy, cytology of urinary tract in inflammantion and
malignancy.

• Respiratory Tract: Cytology in the absence of cancer. The squamous epithelium

and Respiratory epithelium and their cytology, Non – epithelial cells of respiratory tract.
Foreign materials in sputum. Benign abnormalities of respiratory epithelium, squamous
epithelium and Squamous metaplasia cytology in malignant condition,

• Cancer cells: Morphologic characters of cancer cells. Morphologic difference

between normal cells and cancer cells.

• Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC).

35
• Clinical procedures: Preparation and fixation of smears and fluid specimens.
Collection, fixation and transport of cervical smears and vaginal smears for hormonal
studies. Standards of adequacy of cytology examination of female genital tract.

• Collection of urine, bladder irrigation, urine collection after prostatic massage,

screening of urinary sediment, GIT Brushing and lavage, Cytological sampling from
oesophagus, stomach and duode-num. occult blood in stool. Collection of body fluids and
anticoagulants used.

Course: CYTOLOGY & CYTOTECHNOLOGY-PRACTICAL

Course Code: MLT 553
Credits: 2(0-0-4)

• Collection of samples and processing.

• Cytological fixatives and fixation.
• Collection and preparation of fluid sediment for cytological examination.
• Preparation and fixation of sputum smears for cytology and preparation.
• Preparation and fixation of vaginal and cervical smears for cytology.
• Hormonal evaluation of vaginal smears.
• Papaniculaou staining-principles and staining procedures.
• Maygrunwarld staining-principles and staining procedures.
• Identification of cells.
• Differentiation between malignant and benign cells.

Course: CYTOGENETICS AND TISSUE CULTURE

Course Code: MLT 554
Credits: 2(0-0-0)

1. Introduction to cytogenetics and tissue culture.

2. Terminolgy, classification and nomenclature of human chromosomes.

3. Barr body -origin, sampling, staining and its demonstration.

4. Karyotyping - methods of chromosome analysis.

a.Culture and direct preparation
b.Banding techniques.
c.Major chromosomal abnormalities.

5.Tissue culture : principle and brief outline, indications.

A. Equipments:
(I) Laminar flow equipment.,

(II) Carbon dioxide incubator.

36
 (III) Inverted microscope.

B. Procedure of preparation of glassware, media etc.

(I) Dry heat sterilization.

(II)Autoclaving

(III) Chemical sterilization.

C. Derivation of culture from the tissue.

(I) Enzymatic digestion of the tissue using

collagenase, protease etc.

(II) Plating of cells in tissue using collagenase,

protease etc.

(III) Observation of cells in Invertoscope

(I V) Subculturing and derivation of cell lines.

D. Characterization of cell lines.

(I) Determination of biochemical markers in cells.

(II) Chromosomal and D.N.A.contents of cells.

(III) Immunological properties of cells.

E. Preservation of immortalized cell lines.

-Storage in glycerol & in liquid nitrogen.

Course: ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES

Course Code: MLT 527
Credits: 2(2-0-0)

• PCR-principal and diagnostic application

• Recombinant DNA technology
• DNA finger printing and application

37
• Flow cytometri and application
• ELISA & ELFA,techniques and clinical application
• TORCH profile: techniques and its interpretation
• MRI and its diagnostic application

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