Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
PRACTICAL 1
import numpy as np # library used for working with arrays
import matplotlib.pylab as plt # library used for ploting, graph
from io import BytesIO
import cv2 # library for Open Source Computer vision library
from PIL import Image # Python Imaging Library for load, display, save
etc
from google.colab.patches import cv2_imshow
from google.colab import files
uploaded = files.upload()
img1=Image.open(BytesIO(uploaded['kite.jpg']))
img2 = cv2.imread("kite.jpg")
#plt.imshow(img2)
gray_img = cv2.cvtColor(img2, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
#plt.imshow(gray_img,cmap=plt.cm.gray)
### Negative of the image
[rows,cols] = gray_img.shape;
neg_img = np.zeros((rows,cols));
for r in range(0, rows-1):
for c in range(0, cols-1):
neg_img[r,c] = 255-gray_img[r,c]; #Calculate negative image
#plt.imshow(neg_img, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)
ax1.imshow(img1)
ax1.set_title('Original image')
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,2)
ax2.imshow(gray_img, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
ax2.set_title('Gray image')
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,3)
ax3.imshow(neg_img)
ax3.set_title('Negative image')
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
# c = 255/(log (1 + m)), where m is the maximum pixel value in the image.
#c = 0.1
c = 255/(np.log(1 + np.max(gray_img)))
log_transformed = c * np.log(1 + gray_img)
log_transformed1 = np.array(log_transformed, dtype = np.uint8)
plt.imshow(log_transformed1, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)
ax1.imshow(img1)
ax1.set_title('Original image')
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,2)
ax2.imshow(gray_img, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
ax2.set_title('Gray image')
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,3)
ax3.imshow(neg_img, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
ax3.set_title('Negative')
ax4 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,4)
ax4.imshow(log_transformed1, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
ax4.set_title('Log image')
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from google.colab import files # Import the files module to upload images
# Function for histogram equalization
def histogram_equalization(image):
equalized_image = cv2.equalizeHist(image)
return equalized_image
# Function for contrast stretching
def contrast_stretching(image, r1, r2, s1, s2):
result_image = np.copy(image)
result_image[result_image < r1] = s1
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
result_image[(result_image >= r1) & (result_image <= r2)] =
((result_image[(result_image >= r1) & (result_image <= r2)] - r1) * (s2 -
s1)) / (r2 - r1) + s1
result_image[result_image > r2] = s2
return result_image
# Function for gamma correction
def gamma_correction(image, gamma):
corrected_image = np.power(image / 255.0, gamma)
corrected_image = (corrected_image * 255).astype(np.uint8)
return corrected_image
# Function for digital negative
def digital_negative(image):
negative_image = 255 - image
return negative_image
# Upload an image file from your local machine
uploaded = files.upload()
# Check if an image file was uploaded
if len(uploaded) > 0:
# Read the uploaded image
image_filename = list(uploaded.keys())[0]
input_image = cv2.imread(image_filename, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
# Define parameters for contrast stretching
r1 = 5
r2 = 10
s1 = 2
s2 = 12
# Define parameter for gamma correction
gamma = 1.5
# Perform point processing techniques
equalized_image = histogram_equalization(input_image)
contrast_stretched_image = contrast_stretching(input_image, r1, r2,
s1, s2)
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
gamma_corrected_image = gamma_correction(input_image, gamma)
# Perform digital negative transformation
negative_image = digital_negative(input_image)
# Create subplots with figsize 10x7
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 5, figsize=(10, 7))
# Plot original and processed images
axes[0].imshow(input_image, cmap='gray')
axes[0].set_title('Original Image')
axes[1].imshow(equalized_image, cmap='gray')
axes[1].set_title('Histogram Equalization')
axes[2].imshow(contrast_stretched_image, cmap='gray')
axes[2].set_title('Contrast Stretching')
axes[3].imshow(gamma_corrected_image, cmap='gray')
axes[3].set_title('Gamma Correction')
axes[4].imshow(negative_image, cmap='gray')
axes[4].set_title('Digital Negative')
for ax in axes:
ax.axis('off')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
else:
print("No image uploaded. Please upload an image.")
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
from google.colab import files
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Prompt the user to upload an image
uploaded = files.upload()
# Check if any files were uploaded
if len(uploaded) == 0:
print("No files uploaded.")
else:
# Get the uploaded image file
file_name = list(uploaded.keys())[0]
# Load the uploaded image using OpenCV
image = cv2.imread(file_name, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
# Number of bits for bit-plane slicing (adjust as needed)
num_bits = 8
# Create subplots for each bit plane
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, num_bits, figsize=(15, 7))
for i in range(num_bits):
# Create a bitmask to extract the i-th bit plane
bitmask = 2**i
bit_plane = (image & bitmask) * 255 # Scale to 0-255 range
# Display the bit plane
axes[i].imshow(bit_plane, cmap='gray')
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
axes[i].set_title(f'Bit {7 - i}') # Reverse order to match binary
representation
axes[i].axis('off')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
PRACTICAL 2
from io import BytesIO
import numpy as np # library used for working with arrays
import matplotlib.pylab as plt # library used for ploting, graph
import cv2 # library for Open Source Computer vision library
from PIL import Image # Python Imaging Library for load, display, save etc
from google.colab.patches import cv2_imshow
from google.colab import files
uploaded = files.upload()
img1=Image.open(BytesIO(uploaded['thar.jpg']))
plt.imshow(img1)
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
img = cv2.imread("thar.jpg")
img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
plt.imshow(img,cmap=plt.cm.gray)
# Obtain number of rows and columns of the image
#img = np.array([[88, 38, 41, 42, 42], [98, 32, 38, 121, 33], [12, 255,
46, 1, 10], [123, 25, 246, 0, 19], [12, 5, 46, 10, 11]]) # 01 is not
acceptable
m, n = img.shape
m,n
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
#Low Pass Filter
mask1 = np.ones([3, 3], dtype = int) #averaging
mask = mask1 / 9
mask1
#mask
img_new = np.zeros([m, n])
img_new
for i in range(1, m-1):
for j in range(1, n-1):
temp = img[i-1, j-1]*mask[-1, -1]+img[i, j-1]*mask[0, -1]+img[i+1,
j-1]*mask[1, -1]+ img[i-1, j]*mask[-1, 0]+img[i, j]*mask[0, 0]+img[i+1,
j]*mask[1, 0]+img[i-1, j+1]*mask[-1, 1]+img[i, j+1]*mask[0, 1]+img[i+1,
j+1]*mask[1, 1]
#temp = img[i-1, j-1]*mask[0, 0]+img[i-1, j]*mask[0, 1]+img[i-1, j +
1]*mask[0, 2]+img[i, j-1]*mask[1, 0]+ img[i, j]*mask[1, 1]+img[i, j +
1]*mask[1, 2]+img[i + 1, j-1]*mask[2, 0]+img[i + 1, j]*mask[2, 1]+img[i +
1, j + 1]*mask[2, 2]
img_new[i, j]= temp
img_new = img_new.astype(np.uint8)
plt.imshow(img_new,cmap=plt.cm.gray)
img_new
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
#High Pass Filter
mask2 = np.array([[-1,-1,-1],[-1,8,-1],[-1,-1,-1]]) #High Pass
mask_hpf = mask2 / 9
mask_hpf
img_new = np.zeros([m, n])
img_new
mask=mask_hpf
for i in range(1, m-1):
for j in range(1, n-1):
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
temp = img[i-1, j-1]*mask[-1, -1]+img[i, j-1]*mask[0, -1]+img[i+1,
j-1]*mask[1, -1]+ img[i-1, j]*mask[-1, 0]+img[i, j]*mask[0, 0]+img[i+1,
j]*mask[1, 0]+img[i-1, j+1]*mask[-1, 1]+img[i, j+1]*mask[0, 1]+img[i+1,
j+1]*mask[1, 1]
#temp = img[i-1, j-1]*mask[0, 0]+img[i-1, j]*mask[0, 1]+img[i-1, j +
1]*mask[0, 2]+img[i, j-1]*mask[1, 0]+ img[i, j]*mask[1, 1]+img[i, j +
1]*mask[1, 2]+img[i + 1, j-1]*mask[2, 0]+img[i + 1, j]*mask[2, 1]+img[i +
1, j + 1]*mask[2, 2]
img_new[i, j]= temp
img_new = img_new.astype(np.uint8)
plt.imshow(img_new,cmap=plt.cm.gray)
img_new
#Apply all filters accordingly
#mask = np.array([[-1,0],[0,1]]) #roberts1
#mask = np.array([[0,-1],[1,0]]) #roberts2
#mask = mask / 9
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
#mask = np.array([[-1,-1,-1],[0,0,0],[1,1,1]]) #prewitt_horizontal
#mask = np.array([[-1,0,1],[-1,0,1],[-1,0,1]]) #prewitt_vertical
#mask = np.array([[-1,-2,-1],[0,0,0],[1,2,1]]) #sobel_horizontal
#mask = np.array([[-1,0,1],[-2,0,2],[-1,0,1]]) #sobel_vert
#mask = np.array([[-1,-1,-1],[2,2,2],[-1,-1,-1]]) #horizontal_2nd order
#mask = np.array([[2,-1,-1],[-1,2,-1],[-1,-1,2]]) #45
#mask = np.array([[-1,2,-1],[-1,2,-1],[-1,2,-1]]) #vertical_2nd order
#mask = np.array([[-1,-1,2],[-1,2,-1],[2,-1,-1]]) #-45
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
PRACTICAL 3
from io import BytesIO
import numpy as np # library used for working with arrays
import matplotlib.pylab as plt # library used for ploting, graph
import cv2 # library for Open Source Computer vision library
from PIL import Image # Python Imaging Library for load, display, save etc
from google.colab.patches import cv2_imshow
from google.colab import files
uploaded = files.upload()
img=Image.open(BytesIO(uploaded['Parrot.jpg']))
plt.imshow(img)
img = cv2.imread("Parrot.jpg")
img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
plt.imshow(img,cmap=plt.cm.gray)
# Obtain number of rows and columnsof the image
#img = np.array([[88, 38, 41, 42, 42], [98, 32, 38, 121, 33], [12, 255,
46, 1, 10], [123, 25, 246, 0, 19], [12, 5, 46, 10, 11]]) # 01 is not
acceptable
m, n = img.shape
m,n
#mask = np.ones([3, 3], dtype = int) #averaging
mask = np.array([[-1,0],[0,1]]) #roberts1
#mask = np.array([[0,-1],[1,0]]) #roberts2
#mask = mask / 9
#mask = np.array([[-1,-1,-1],[0,0,0],[1,1,1]]) #prewitt_horizontal
#mask = np.array([[-1,0,1],[-1,0,1],[-1,0,1]]) #prewitt_vertical
#mask = np.array([[-1,-2,-1],[0,0,0],[1,2,1]]) #sobel_horizontal
#mask = np.array([[-1,0,1],[-2,0,2],[-1,0,1]]) #sobel_vert
#mask = np.array([[-1,-1,-1],[2,2,2],[-1,-1,-1]]) #horizontal_2nd order
#mask = np.array([[2,-1,-1],[-1,2,-1],[-1,-1,2]]) #45
#mask = np.array([[-1,2,-1],[-1,2,-1],[-1,2,-1]]) #vertical_2nd order
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
#mask = np.array([[-1,-1,2],[-1,2,-1],[2,-1,-1]]) #-45
mask
img_new = np.zeros([m, n])
img_new
for i in range(1, m-1):
for j in range(1, n-1):
temp = img[i-1, j-1]*mask[0, 0]+img[i-1, j]*mask[0, 1]+img[i,
j-1]*mask[1, 0]+ img[i, j]*mask[1, 1]
#temp = img[i-1, j-1]*mask[0, 0]+img[i-1, j]*mask[0, 1]+img[i-1, j +
1]*mask[0, 2]+img[i, j-1]*mask[1, 0]+ img[i, j]*mask[1, 1]+img[i, j +
1]*mask[1, 2]+img[i + 1, j-1]*mask[2, 0]+img[i + 1, j]*mask[2, 1]+img[i +
1, j + 1]*mask[2, 2]
img_new[i, j]= temp
img_new = img_new.astype(np.uint8)
plt.imshow(img_new,cmap=plt.cm.gray)
img_new
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
PRACTICAL 4
import cv2
import numpy as np
from google.colab.patches import cv2_imshow
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # Import matplotlib for subplots
# Define a 10x10 matrix as the input image
input_image = np.array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]], dtype=np.uint8)
# Define your custom structuring element (kernel)
# In this example, we use a 3x3 rectangular kernel
kernel = np.array([[1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1]], dtype=np.uint8)
# Perform Erosion
erosion = cv2.erode(input_image, kernel, iterations=1)
# Perform Dilation
dilation = cv2.dilate(input_image, kernel, iterations=1)
# Perform Opening (Erosion followed by Dilation)
opening = cv2.morphologyEx(input_image, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
# Perform Closing (Dilation followed by Erosion)
closing = cv2.morphologyEx(input_image, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)
# Create subplots with figsize 10x7
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 5, figsize=(10, 7))
# Plot original and processed images
axes[0].imshow(input_image * 255, cmap='gray') # Scale to 0-255 for
display
axes[0].set_title('Original Image')
axes[1].imshow(erosion * 255, cmap='gray') # Scale to 0-255 for display
axes[1].set_title('Erosion')
axes[2].imshow(dilation * 255, cmap='gray') # Scale to 0-255 for display
axes[2].set_title('Dilation')
axes[3].imshow(opening * 255, cmap='gray') # Scale to 0-255 for display
axes[3].set_title('Opening')
axes[4].imshow(closing * 255, cmap='gray') # Scale to 0-255 for display
axes[4].set_title('Closing')
for ax in axes:
ax.axis('off') # Turn off axes for cleaner display
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from google.colab import files # Import the files module to upload images
# Function to perform morphology operations and display results
def perform_morphology_operations(input_image, kernel):
erosion = cv2.erode(input_image, kernel, iterations=1)
dilation = cv2.dilate(input_image, kernel, iterations=1)
opening = cv2.morphologyEx(input_image, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)
closing = cv2.morphologyEx(input_image, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)
return erosion, dilation, opening, closing
# Upload an image file from your local machine
uploaded = files.upload()
# Check if an image file was uploaded
if len(uploaded) > 0:
# Read the uploaded image
image_filename = list(uploaded.keys())[0]
input_image = cv2.imread(image_filename, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
# Define a custom structuring element (kernel)
kernel = np.array([[1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1]], dtype=np.uint8)
# Perform morphology operations
erosion, dilation, opening, closing =
perform_morphology_operations(input_image, kernel)
# Create subplots with figsize 10x7
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 5, figsize=(10, 7))
# Plot original and processed images
axes[0].imshow(input_image, cmap='gray')
axes[0].set_title('Original Image')
Yash Bhosale
3302
MSc-IT
axes[1].imshow(erosion, cmap='gray')
axes[1].set_title('Erosion')
axes[2].imshow(dilation, cmap='gray')
axes[2].set_title('Dilation')
axes[3].imshow(opening, cmap='gray')
axes[3].set_title('Opening')
axes[4].imshow(closing, cmap='gray')
axes[4].set_title('Closing')
for ax in axes:
ax.axis('off')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
else:
print("No image uploaded. Please upload an image.")
