UNITS ; : “i GLoBAL LSSuES MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS CMINC) Lasge cosxpoxations having investment ond usiness th number eb Counbies are known as tuttinational ev transnational corpoxations . €g) Yord , Toyata , Gony, bor, Windustan tever , ITC, Ponds ote, when a. com coxporaion be cated oF MNC? - | + Operations axe spread access many countries - al ‘dighoxent Levels of development. | * tts Local subsidiaxies axe managed by. | The company maiatacns indushial organizations lé yaxtous: counties : m 16 Mos: Os multinational contrat management. tk has a muttcnatconal tol penecshtp . } MNe’s benefits > * theap Cabex & Availability ef haruxal Mesoucces & Flexible ‘and favourable tax, arcangements me x New marks fex theta products Benefits to paxtiecpant counties :.” & Now job opportanitios & Fob utth higher pag and greates challenge x Increase Of ational fncome oe : # Mansjer ef advanced itechnology ” e x Boreal benefits from Ahoving tweatth - Guastiont explasning moral ditficuttios tnvolved %® pias this begat Malc business moratty” permissible 2 2% Who benefits More and who leces more , when Mic dees outsourcing ?hose, Hratr sesources, COnhah & Aue the hast rounbies oun trade »and potcttcal independence 2 In what ways 2 and how much ? over Us * Which standards Khould ongiheexs follow when working in. Yereiqn countsies 2 Kuwhat axe tho moral sesporsibilicies & ongeneexing muce doing business in dovelopad and devetoping tountsies 2 a What axe thd meral responsibilities’ of engineers working tn. forotgn Counbies ? Conses b, solative Values :- V ethical potativism :- Phat gotativiem Atotes’ thak the ation ase morally wight when appxovede by Law ev custom and ae when violated - 18 posertptive solativism + | Hescriptive fotativiem Abotes that Volues vosy from |puitune tm eutture but dass net astabiish tne, asiporences botwean meral poriops ond abkicudes . » Monod solotionadism Cor tontoxtuatism) Moral xolationalisi emphasizes the, need # adjust roral judgtnents and Condurt duc te the. customs of eulluves as gimple and absolute Yules. are fmpessite . W Rrhtea ptuxales in :— * Ethical plaralism % a view that these may be Alternative mero) perspectives that §O72 seasonable » but Must be accepted by ot! rational and morally toncerned |poxsons. ° asd ihe Kee’ Catia os i TL states thats 4oraign Customs. ae sel, auttori tative jin determining what afould be done |Se nteenational sights > ie i . (RMN Ahieuld secegnine bond athes international sigfils, which ase mete apeci{ic than the most abstract human vights to btbevty And ~gatrness thomas Donatdson yin his: back “The etnies of thtesnationat business’. has Listed ton Jnternaltoal sights . aie : 7 the Vight bo frocdem ©} physical rnovertned t >The wight’ & ounership oh proporty othe wight b& treecdom ‘from. tortuve 2 the -vight bm a jak tréal , 3 The XghE & nondéseriminatery Freatment 9 the sight & physical security ation \ athe sight tw yroedom 4 gpocch @ assoct minimal education | gy the Nght & > The Nght > petittcal pastietpation 9 the ght. tp subsidence 4, Vights shoutd be applied eontaxually, a These tare And etistoms taking inte account the ecenemy> 1 @h hest counhies - | Wags be Promote moxalty MAC should respect #MNC shoutd provide host counttes. x MNC should help tho hest Countstes# economy and employers - AMC shoutd ensure’ thelr products ‘dio net harm cusped - & Mnic should Fespect without violating moral W@hts - %MNC should. prioritize the welfare ef thea lemployoes » espactatty in. host tountstas . i & Frploy ens Hhoutd provide -faiy working: conditions and poy employees for risk . justifiable measures 2- the sights eb host counttes more good than bad lb hest counhies taws and elkeTechnology Transfer : hig ae 4 “R Fechnotegy ranefor & tho process ‘ef hanspening\ Fechnolegy from one environment te another. *IE may bo conducted by’ governments,” unbversiHes , veliuntaoy “eorvier erganizatésne, consutting Companies: ond MAC . : propyialz, tachnelegy :—, % Appropriate tochnelogy & the most Aultable tochnolegy for @ New gat ©} Conditions RTE ghotld eontibute te austainiable development eh he st county - : ' ! |lotermediate technology + | tntommedinte technotogies exe, moe meaningful jOnd bonefietal than acdvaneed technotegies * Me voin forte engineering 05 social experimentation i ‘ : ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS 2 | A the environment % an tmportant port of eve Itives, but we have not taken tnto account the fmpack { fi « (oF ous behavious on tt j | # Acid vain & hoving a dovastating impact en | . ; | foros ts » Agweulture , water yesousces ; the“ dyyeat Lakes {basing energy wesousces, huclear power, Yerests & ecile, Animal tife and treatment ef Animats * Enviswamental, ethics and wle Ch engihecrs ase important (seues te consider. Oepinition: “ * Rnvivonmental etnies Fnvelves protecting the * Govironment Yom harmful poltatants. |” H#TE oxplores the ethical avots ©} environmental Movement -‘|Peginaoss, ond environment: : ahs ; Enginroxs tee ay Of - tachnology y that Conhibutes fb envivunmental degradation as nett os | ea improvement - Frgtreers have a professional Obligation to pyotect the enviroment, as agents of chaage. | Types wf concern Yor environment 2 i | | Dittoalth sotated » concen z= | Rngineets ‘ean bo concerned tor the envivenrnent when enviwonmental pellution threatens human health © [Ee is known as heatth. related toncern foo the environment a ton health ¢tolated egoncein >- : ned fos the envionment | Engineexs ean be concer luchen human heatth & not divectly Afpected . Te ts | i‘Enoun a5 non heatth xetated concesn | |Quostions axsortated with the environment :— | . i | eHow does and be what extent a particulos indushy lajjoct the envigonment ? | xHow fox such {i effects, ean. be Controlled physically / politically ? x what is the reasonable protective measures available er immedcate implementation? & What Ose the gesponsibilites th this regasd ? i % bo IT have obti gations jor the futuse 2 | a Bo T belong b hatwe oy does patuse batong b me? jack 4 animals ean suppor and Fool pain tke humans. : \Ahould £ have moral Atanding > | | | Prgincer’s woncern $o% Onvironment :— | Projosstonal todos of Ethics about the enviannment -— fy tae todes of the American Society of civil Engines se states :- : ‘ Fnginacrs Should strive for sustainable ern lo impxove public quality of sife | |YT codes ef the eo ‘phochYeal & Ploctronts Rnginaees states > ‘ : Bnginages mast make doctsions with public Aapoty fb mind. * 3) The Leder of the Americah goclety cf Mechanical Rngineexs states > Pngincexs must consider envteprmental: Hmpack when paerming their duties . |Appsoaches be stesolve envivonmental problems > * Appxcach basecl on cost- boneptt “analysis, Gost Obtivious appxoach +- *% Se puioritizes Cnvivonmental pxetection ever cost | oo does ‘net accept [ totesate environmental |dagradatin | RPuawhacke:_ diftieuit to sustain Benforee to o | modesn Society . ‘Approach based on cost- benefit analyses > ' KT fs dovived from the Concept ef Ubilitaccantsm. Re geeks t© balance pellation with heatth {environmental ‘considerations bb gocduce costs, | * prawback difficutt t accurately assess tosls and benefits ef ye and Apacies. | * Cost oblivfous appkeach | | \ | Internationalixing costs ©} onvisphmental” degradatton Prgincers play an important sote tn finding acceptable mechanisms foo pricing and releasing products , as welt as ipeoviding Botutions bo protect the environment — without odding veal dost. ©Technology assase mont »- “Fochnetogy assessment refers the Studeos on the social and Onvironmental effocts ef technotegy. én Various ayeas .jnclude heatth care, huctedr usar , Potlatton , eashiogs trading wa banks. Scientific endjuirey putilled Knowledge Pnginooxtng applicatcons | Engincess Ahoutd we the Yunnel for dest tlteng | ond opplying knowledge bo design and buttd pos | | pxojects and do tontinuous monitoring bm ensure safe ‘ond tlean environment - hilogophical views e} nature r- } |) Sentiseent. contored athies + Land desire . * Petar aingor, in his book ‘Animal Ciberation ‘emphasixes that moral Judgements must consider the ebocts of jour actions en animals. | # Pecording be Tom Regan, constous creatures | have inherent worth due to thelr expoxdences . * Both Ainger s Regan ett that antmats should jbe treated equally urth humans to decision making. * Gontient animals arc these tsho fee! palin, pleasure | | 2 Blocontte etnies s- & Bigo tantorod officcs ecognitcas the “toheront were &) Jou ving organisms . | * According be Alber: Schweityos, atl organtems have a yeverence fox Ufe, & surwive a develop heer noDPoocenttc athits a x Peotontored ethics emphasizes the inhesant volue of ecotogical systoms . * According t Aldo teopdld , * "A ‘thing is sight uten [TL preserves the integrity, Atability and beauty of the biotic commanity - %) Human contered Rrvironmental ethtes >- | & 2 oxtands waditional ethical theorles threats b human betngs- # virtue ebhes emphasiaes humility, appeccation |e beauty , love anc gratitude towards nature * Right ethics emphasiza the wight to lhe and Livable environment - a Buty eehies urges thak the. respoct for human teje yequires gseatos eoncern yer Mature. *% Utilitarianism amplhiatizes the Cennectlon between human pieasuse and mature to addaoss Compuree ErHtics :- % Computers have become increasingly important, but they have also led to unethical getivities such as hacking, eyber eniines » Sofliome pracy , cyber squatting, and fnternet dejomatlon . x To addross these tesues, legal ganctions shoutd be weod b teach engineering Students abet Computer ethics Ww classyoems. * Engineess Mould atso brave the moral Yes ponsiblety help promote the ethical Use Of Computers. Computes othics :—_ | % Computes ethics i the stud of ethical tssuey | related te tormputer technology. KU ib the analysis of nobure ond deus Impact of computer tachnatogy, and Certesponding formutatton andjustifécation petectes fer the sethtcal seo} computer : technology : K Cybes ethics examines moval, tegal on gouial tsaues tn tybos technology. xe i / 'ybos Lechnoleg y Encompasos a Tange Of Computing tngermation and communteation, technelegias.. |Categowies 6} Computer okhtes problems :- R computers os the fnstrturrent ef unethical bohavtas A Computers as Ene Object ef tuncthical och x Autonomous tompeterct . (Compubexs as the lnshument ef “unethfeal “behaviour. The hho fmportant anethical acts ate + Rank yobbery oe Privacy. » Bank vobborg»— computaes can be used tb stoal farm empleyers, clients, and custornexs , making the came impaxsonal as | the vitminal never interacts wth the vietérnt | Privacy + — Paiva ts use of coformaton : : x Lovasions ef privacy can have ragative efforts on individuals, in two Ways @ heakage of: palvate Enfosmetcon ean (ead te hacassment os blackmail { @ Poxsonal eter motion ts eel pevsonal and | unauthor} eed uso ob fe ts theft the ‘right le control access cw by and seuComputers o4 the Object of Unathteal dets :- Hacking : Masking és @ extme in Which a porson gains Wnauthortxed access to private infosmation » viotating ithe pelvacy of individuals | and corporatians. . Computer Viruses :_ * Vixuses axe malicious .paograms designed damage computer systems - * Computos vixuses destroy fites and data in financial institutions . ay » |Aukonomous ,Computoes ;_ w% Ue Hobos bo the ability ¢f computer te make. | decks ions without the intesvention ef humans. te treakes negative implicakone ‘dice te ‘us autonomy . x Autonomous Computers can’ bo Used *tiy’ Unethicod oekivitées, Such as trading. Afock marketing axchanges land milttary weapons. They ean’ ako Create tnstability leading gortous conflicts. & Maman theg Should be controlled by mon to pauvent A&astors : Gammpp Computes eode of, Ethics Ten commandments ». ' Vbort we eompater be hawm other people. 2 Kent Interfere with other poople’s Cornputer work | Bort snoop cround th other peoples computer Fe Sent use 0 cormputex te steal. 9 Pont use a computer 2 beas fabe uistness y Bort copy or Wwe propdietary oftware for which you have het patd-y) Kort use othes people computers wathout, . permiseion 7 Compensation - - 8 pont appxopslate ethes poopie irfoltectual output. Dthink about the social consequenws Ob your Pxeqiam ev system. be) Respect ethers when Using a compates. MIEAPONS PEVELOPMENT > % Engineets join the rit bag too pakrtetisn ond poudential interest, os well as threats oF tompalsion fom the government | | X Pngineccs must consicles- thet conscleace When jdectding whether b work th defense - yetatod © | indushies [Role 0} engineers in defense Indust at Engineers fnvent and develop new weapons le atl fhamans. |g Bngineess yend TE morally tnaccep ‘qweapons that Kitt hamans - | x Bnginoces feck tt & an hener te Work fos theis tation / government R Eng inoars mutt have ethical judgements ‘gowe fo deponse works . | | [the Frqveeaes lavolvement tm weapons work :— | | : : | x Pnginoers xhoutd consides thets motives before ann a job io a dwar welated industry » 8 they table te design & | |may be fered fe de go fos thes gusvival and | tivitheed . | kthey should also think rationally befero getting Mnvetved fm weapon pxodaetion ,Sojonse Indasty Preoberns :— _ # The problem of waste and cost overruns fa majos ones gn the defense industry - kTechnology seep sk Kho pxobjern faced by the defense industry ras Tk can disrupt diptomaltc [among ements and apport paotitical atabilety - | x Gecrecy can lead b high costs and pees quality ‘94 dejense materials and weapons . | : | ¥ Counties allocate more ws b& o | ¥ yesous! cdefens | khan others public welfare 4chemes. “Enaineers As MANAGERS = | Engineers move tnte management oles ‘Phe jeltouing two teasons - Y Covporate managements \ we) becomse they betive that x technical understanding a necossargy “for managing technotegical corporation x Ung icears hove a qreator [business Fechniques than hon - enqioeers y making ti leostex tp teach them . | Y Fogiceots ose attractad te pet highes pay» couthortty » wes ponsibrtity, and prestige ; duc & pseger enginects as theth understanding. eb Managers os Pxofesstons > | athe transition Yom engiaeers to, Managers } nts + |reqpre adjustme | x Engipears must acquire and expand thets knovtedge “4 management » ® Managers ahold have the managerfat, Toles [outlined tm below tables | rRole basutption . T. Intexpexsonal - Bymbelic head ; sespensible for Legal » Figure heod: lox goctal duties - 9) teoder {Manager Kasponsible for. motivating ard empowerit ng, 4ubordinates . Machtains a eae ‘ob parr Gnd infos mess tos .gelh- ‘development | dD Haison IL tnfoomational Aevelops knouwfledge through tunderstanding _ A Monitor - organization and environment D pissamlnator - | Fransmi tring infor mation sfoom bun _ [0a subordinates bs frembots ef the | organization | Dapekes parson ; Organizations must communicate thei plans » policies, ackions and results | be outsiders j ee + |Trpouistonal Itdentigying eppartunities te promote |v Ent repre neus- impxovernent and change @) pbturbance Organization must take Comective action , handlers Token faced With unespected ddturbares Y) Resource Respensible cv “allocating organtzaktenal i Allocakor P # nt Oe oc | Fesowtes: to) Negotiator « Responsible : fer nopresenti the | organization. in major hegetiations | I limpet of PransiHon on ethteal tSsaes :~ \ % Senoxatly managers ave chorged for D mesely aewing fos harrow tntosests of the corporation : wo thei objective of inoveasing ‘he Yéorns provit only. ChD hot bothering about othes Tesponsibiittes to pacmote the public goed . emma. ae| | | | { & Engipeas and managers are complementary a Beh Hh responsi bile ty oh Symbiott ¢ with the primary, Sp piping © providing wsopul products and sosvicts i. ansuring they ase Safe ond paotitable - Responst biti ties o Frginears - Manages ® |) Pxometing on ethical climate :- Eirical climate {% a Yavourcdle working Qkmesphere thot promotes Moralty + susponst ble conduct due bb factors such as organization » traditton and attitudes - prnigel “eovporate! Clients. tH engreast — Money prust understand the fous featwes ef an ethical corporate tlimate bo promote a 9 Ethical language Bhewtd be recognized as @ legitimate past eb the company - Top management should promote athical behaviots through words, peltcia and example: DConpie resolution should be Facilitated brough promduses. |8) Resolving. Conflicts > x Ergqrocor - Managers ase vos ponsi ble for reselving conplicts uxthin the organi zatlon & Managers must ‘vredke — posi ive working envivonment ke resolve conflicts . R The Seven most Common Cton{ltets reported a manages one 3 conflict ever echodules 9 tonfltels ever’ Fechnical esstees D tonjticts inf. 5 nyu Over be admins gtratton Prococluns Conktects ever Port onality 2 Congtick ever tools 2 comdtects over human resources for businage 4D confitels over projects and departments are essontial fer an organizations Succese, Putnetples of @onjléct ytesolution " * People : Acposote the people frorn the problem" & interests . focus on tntorests', not positdons. % Yoptions: Ayonerate a variety of possibilities before dectding what B dow 3 6 x ‘uvitoria: tnsist that the vesult Of conflict resotution be based on someared objective Atandad, ENGINEERS AS ConsorTAN TH — % Comultants ee porsons usho give export advice to bngioeosing > business and law « | x They axe paicl by fees, hot 4alartes, and hare |qreotos froedom te make decisions and cleat uith wader yange ef meal concerns than Aclarted engineers. Responsibilities of cons utting engtnacrs :— y Advertising . 2 Competitive biding 3} Contigency fees | Y Safety and Client necds 9 Paovistons fer resolution of disputes. » Advertising ts Consulting engineers are responsible Jor pacperty odvertising their gorvices not releasing. mateadcag Advertisements ek- ov pacmeting Yatso claims. — & Competitive cdlvortistng has caused {rvietion meng engirecis ,reclucod tutual respeck and dlamaged the Professions publcc . a Boreptive advertising fnvelues making products / Sorvids look better than they tue.* ‘K Misteuding advertising san be acheived Py 9 by openly tatleng Lies ; a by Eelteng. hace beths : 2 by poking wreng suggestion : 2 tharugh Over Statement 3 through the confusion OT Vvaguencss = ereatod shy mbiguity 2 Competitive bulding + Compétitive bidding is Mie process o offering | wités akan’ duction’ ex ‘th business: f© Ocheive |aomethieg - * Pr tan toad cE “unethical yesutts uth Gs low ibids Compromesing aagety and quality ev high bids loading @ oves dosipoing ev pacidling * The banning Ch competiHve bidcleng has sased questions th the minds of clients such as how to cheese [the best one among many epéons and how Quatel icaleo re ‘aro detormined . | Deontingency foes: 2 A Consutting engincers Ahowud be- paid for thea “puehessional sompotence honestly and oily, according | ® NSPE code. | a” dontigeney foes ex commétsstons ean be pated onty | [fev these consultants who succeed tn profiting or | aaving the etrent meney . xT the comuttants de act succeed, trey eat Tnet be paid ang fees : # Thos ancangement would help Corscuttanes ferd | imegibative and vosponsible wags of scering vests: to the cllents ev the publécte A) SojWky.and-.clienks Meads». # ren aisi ny x Consulting engiracrs have groatoy freacom than Aalaried engineers, So that trey have Greater Aosponsib lity th Aection making eonwrming safety. ° a pesign Only projocts asd problematic duc & Asffieutecos encountered’ gin implementing the consuttants design, so on-site inspection & essential @ complete the project Auccessfallyy - % tonsutti ng engtneers xhoutd have moral |yosponsibilities beyond, the Legal responsibilites apoccfiod |e the contract - 5) Puovisesne for Rosotutéon of desputes :- | ® The consulting engirees should be prepared lo Ihave contractual provisions t ‘Tesolve conflicts and avoid Costly court bates as Ugatton & time consuming. » cestty and laborious process XT wt Holp & provent eveitappad responsibilities (m&placed connel, tndecésion, deotays and endbilety t | [resctve desputes quickly . [ENGINEERS AS EXPERT WITNEsses 2 2% ng covers Ose Oxpest witnesses and advisors der | | | attorneys , public etficials oF private erganizations | tefthout becoming hired gun. ! | 4 They avo exports th serolving Adsputes ry advorsarial situations guch as and other avent. 9 Public planning, potiey taking that | | 9 finding the causes ef aaceidents » malfunctions | | fnvelves technetegy.Engfacens as pxpart witness tb the courts = X Engtoecas aro hired as expert uitnewes [ Civtl and edminal cases. : % Forensic engcoacring e& the application °t engirecring Auitls and bnowledge th dximinal frvestigation te oatd the. judéctal Systeme . KFrgivcers may act Os ustnessex th @ Wide Variety ef cases Auch as defective products » Personal infuag, damage te property } bodice | accidents and a6 plane erashes . (Bye wikness ve expert witness > } a * } * Enginecss axe given more freedom as an expert | uttness: to present ‘evidence en facts th thets execs of Jexportise, exptacn facts »eomment @h views ef the [Opposite side, and repat on professidnal etandads. } Athes vote & tb bring out the truth and not iB faveur ther tac yer’s etient Fenmoratly . Abuses 4 engineers os export ustness © ‘yp Wired guns | A Bngioeess ove hired by attorneys ts hetp tem [eset foc tha favousable way, uhich violates | gtandards o% honesty and due care | * Prample = Sfiving on engines be yovouring — the mane acturer. x Engineers aheutd be impartial ditties - waite @ report th thete professional ) &) 4inancial Biases :- | # tontigency foes axe Unethical as they lead " fonanetob bias and ean influence envestigations _ | beseimony and qualifications { | | |DFO biases :— Engircons must, be aware ef theia egotstic bias 1b exces te protect themseives rom ik, ushich can influence thets Judgement - A Sympathy bfases > EngZoooss Bhouid develo} integrity th orden te overcome Sympathy bias and Investigation . legal dis putes - Pp and macntath thets ensuse an honest ENGINEERS AS EXPERT ADVISORS: Advisors io planning ® Policy making * ® Engineers ploy a vital svete a6 ¢ both public plansing and public potccy making . *Theg must have pubic honesty , respect foo the tommon pubic and knowledge ef professional consuttarts | dor successful ¢ mp(ementation part advisors in Normative fnedels eo} Advisers »- Enginests fave conflieting soaponsibitities b& ckenk and public . Three Normative models cre Hired gans:- Engineers should prloviize ctient @hiigations over public responsiblities Creper prevtous topic) 3) volue - Neutral analysts :- ; | Engimers xhould be impartial and romain heutral ushen “taking cost - benefit analysts 2 averding blas, favoritism and Advocacy « 3) Value- Qouded Advocates :_ Ee Umphasize the Tesponsibility b& the public and recognize. thak values Ose Wrerwined with facts. qCoxe qualities noqucred for an export oduitben, & z breucthfedtners % Honesty - the quality of heeng honest + i | wo : & Competence - the thorough knowledge of the they undertake ( de x Piligence — fo carry out tho given tashs carefully | anc promptly - } | x hogalty - the quatity of boing Hue and paithfer th one’s support.’ | ee LEADERSHIE: — Engineoxs need “Moral ‘leadership’ and current Factivities [| illustrate leadership . Moxalty Cweative Leaders: ‘hoadeashtp = x headéwhip is essenttal foo a Suceassfal e corporation, os it drives the wd be de, dhows divection, quides membexs bewards accomplishments - Fthoster Barnard argues that leaders should Abive t be merally valuable and acheive the “corporations objectives. “Moral teaderhep :- | “Macral leadership & the we Of Mmeralty permisidie Tmeans te motivate groups towards morally dosirablo | ends | Moral leaders > Moral leaden ave these who divects motivates, Organize, manage ov wo other woys take groups towards morally vatuable Jools. ? Engineers Gnd vechnologists axe bert qeealihied leaders t goverh due te the tachnical expertise, Logicas , practical and pbrejudited minds 2 Moeval Ureativity ts hhecersary be aequcs Rtg moral tsight tos verolving Acecal aePoxticipation fo Professional societies : aa meets in enginecking can demonstrate Y Plaging a siginificant sole tn profess onal Aocrieties gxuch as tere, Aime, Nepe, be resolve dk agreements , Ahase moval activilg » presserlza pxefessional ” Zoeaties b festor 7. ethics and Shey tode ef eehics & Rngtoears owe it & thes public & blued! Bustatn trust & thets profession. ‘hoadexshep 5 Communities :- Engineers have spectat responsibilities as ¢titizans, Auch as actively pastictpating tty, soctetas debates” jound proviceng moral leadenhip to tommenity Service - jPngéooess Ahoutd have ropresontation th tegtstative and advisory. bodies te sorve society. Ldeals of voluntary Service = - ¥ Rebext. Baum augued that needy groups thoeld havo access & enginearchg gorvices, but hot & Teselve | | the question of whe whould pxovide thom. Engcncerirg codes of ethies d&eouage voluntary Soyvice « # Eoginecting pxefossionals to veluntary service tnclude, 2 Fngtnoexs ean pxovide engcooertng gorvicas to | disadvantaged gaoups at veducod pri ees. | > Piefessional acctetios ean encourage eng creers tw volunteer to providing eng cheering soxvicas . D Puofesstonal sociaties Ahoutd promote voluntary exerctse and oncousage engionering students & focus en As advantageous qnoups -CORPORATE SociAL RESPONSIBILITY: — X Coxpoxate Aoctal gosponsibilcey Ccse) t @ Managemont Concept that (Integrates gocial and environmental concexns tnlo business operations and interactions with stake, holders . RU oe wag tb acherve @ balance Of economic, envisonmental and social imporatives while also meeting the. expeckakions ef ahare heldors and stake helders . Painccales of ese > » Bustatnabileey -- Aocioky must use ehly OS mach Of a Tescure O can be Meganee ated in the fetuse 3) Accountability ue Organizations must take Tesponsibility fos thedr [actions and quankty the efpects e4 theta actions beth | tnterratty and extornalty : | 3 Fro.ns panency a Transpoxency Incans thaE al extosnal @b an Organivation’s actions ¢ |¥eporting mechanism. tmpacts an bo ascertacned yfrvm its leon tn Inpra # Inde Ba fast Qreving ecoromy with social Challenges» Companies must be sonsitized te Csr thorder te create aon enabling emilyonment qos equitable Postneaship hetwoon eiyit Soctety and business. * Example :_ : Unitewr & a global Corporation With a | Compdvohonsive esr strategy including oO partnersh tp with the Raintosest Attance be Source att of tls: tea bags | teem Rainjorest Atitance certified foxtns by so, |s om L. National Volunt asy dyuidelines :- Prencéple :4 Business Ahoutd conduct and Qovarn the! ehies, transparency And accountabilety « msolyes with Principe = & > Business shoutd provide goods an ase sage and contribute b Sustachabileey throughout d sorvics that [thes bye cycle: |Princepie: 3 | Pusiness shoutd promote the wonbaing e atl | employees - [Principle > 4: Business Ahoutd he responsive fb att stake holders | espectatly these whe are disadvantaged . principle: Ss. \ Business shoutd respect and “right | Pytnciple 26 \ Business should respect, protect, @nd make efforts | patmote Auman ib yestere the envivenment Principle? 7 Businoss should get responsibly when influencing Public and regulatory pottey « psinciple :8 Business should support eqpitable -aoveloprnent . inclasive qsowth ond Priniple +9 Business should Provide velue b custom ens and consumers yesponsibly.