CHAPTER
Visualising
16 Solid Shapes
THIS CHAPTER FOCUSES ON:
Identifying the 3-D shapes Building nets for solids
Identifying the edges, faces and vertices of " Drawing oblique and isometric sketches of 3- Dfigures
3-D fiqures
16.1 INTRODUCTION
shapes but all these objects
We live in a three-dimensional world. The objects around us have different
tennis ball we play with, the books
have one thing in common. The classroom we are sitting in, the i.e.,they can be
cones are all solid shapes,
we read, the i-pods we carry, the chocolates and ice cream
described by the three dimensions-length, breadth and height.
cylinder, cone, sphere, prisms,
In this chapter, we shall learn more about solid figures-cube, cuboid,
pyramids.
16.2 SOLID FIGURES
plane. They are also known as space
Sokd figures are figures whose all points do not lie in the same
figures.
16.2.1 Polyhedron
term polyhedron comes from the Greek words i.e. poly meaning many and hedra meaning aces.
The of polygou
A polyhedron is athree-dimensional figure with flat surfaces
called faces which are made polyhedrons,
are not
Prisms and pyramids are examples of polyhedrons. Cylinders, cones and spheres
because they have curved surfaces instead of flat surfaces.
PRISM: A prism is a polyhedron that has two
congruent parallel polygons as its bases. The other faces
of a prismn are parallelograms, most often rectangles. A
prism is named by the shape of its base. For example,
a triangular prism has bases that are triangles and a
pentagonal prism has bases that are pentagons. Triangular prism
A triangular prism has 5 faces, 9 edges and 6 vertices. Pentagonal prism
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CUBE: A
2
edges andcube8 is a prism Square bases and faces. Acube has 6square faces,
vertices. wih
UBOID:Aprismwithcontreaicntasngular facesis
known as a
cuboid, It 6
p
known as rectangularprism.It iscommonly
faces in rectangle shape, 12 edges and 8vertices. Cube
PYRAMID: A
hces ofthe Pyramid is a
Cuboid
pyramid is pyramid are polyhedron that has only one base in the shape of a polygon. The other
nd a squaredescrib ed by thecongruentof triangles, sharing a common vertex which is the top point. A
pyramid has a shape its base.
base that is a square.For example, atriangular pyranmid has atriangular base
common
vertex
base
Square pyramid
Triangular pyramid
A4-sided pyramid or square pyramid contains 8 edges, 5
faces and 5 vertices.
Remember
Apyramid with base and all other faces as
congruent equilateral triangles is called a tetrahedron. It
isa special kind of triangular pyramid.
16.2.2 Other Solid Figures Base
CYLINDER: Acylinder is similar to aprism but its two bases are circles not
gons. Also, the sides of a cylinder are curved, not fat.
A
oyünder has 3faces, 2circular edges and00vertex. Vertex
CONE:
ASe
Acone is asolid figure with one circular
anda vertex that is not on the base. Acone has
hces, 1edge and 1 vertex. Base
-Radius
Base
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all its points at equal distance
SPHERE: The sphere is asolid figure having the
point. The distance from the centre to the surface of
from the centre
cross-section of a sphere is a circle. Radius
sphere is called its radius. Any
sphere contains 1 face, Oedges and 0 vertices.
A
Remember Circumference
pyramids are related
The number offaces, edges and vertices of prisms and
vertex, face and edge
by a formula: E - V+ F-2 where V, E E stand for
formula.
respectively. This relation is known as EULER'S
16.3 NETS FOR BUILDING 3-D SHAPES
Visualising three-dimensional figures is an important part of geometry. It helps in forming the nets of
solid figures on a sheet of paper. A net of a geometric solid is a 2-dimensional figure that can be folded
to form a 3-dimensional shape.
The net of a cube contains six squares as
shown below:
A cuboid along with its net:
Can you guess which shape will be formed from the
The net of a cone consists of the
adjoining net?
" A circle that gives the base.
following two parts:
Net
A sector that gives the curved surface.
Top
The net of a cylinder consists of
three parts:
One circle gives the base and
" Arectarngle gives the another circle gives the top. Curved Surface Net
curved surface.
Base
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