Planes & Positions 01/4/21

anatomical position, the body is upright, directly facing

anatomical position → the observer, feet flat and directed forward.
The upper limbs are at the body’s sides with the palms

face up =
supine
face down =
prone

near front =
anterior
near back posterior
-

midline :
the imaginary line that divides the body into right and left halves

medial closer to midline

→

lateral away from midline

→

fill Peri or : Situated toward the head and further away from the feet; the upper part of a structure.
inferior near eat to feet ; lower part
deep away
from surface
:

superficial : closer to surface

distal : farther from origination of a

structure
proximal : nearer to the origination
of a structure
Planes → imaginary flat surfaces that pass
thru parts of the body
↳sections : outs
.

along a certain plane

frontal (Coronae) : cuts body front & balk
transverse plane : divides body into superior (upper)
inferior Gower) portions

oblique plane passes thru at an angle

:

sagittal plane : divides into right or left portions.

 Plane descrip .
action

sagittal medial flexion

lateral extension

frontal anterior ventral adduction

( coronal) posterior dorsal Abduction

transverse superior cranial rotation

inferior caudal

* only distal : further proximal :

arms
away from trunk closer to
a or midline trunk or
legs # midline

movement terminology
term description

straighten / joint
sagittalextension
Open
flexion bends / brings closer +8 .

lransvtriaterai
medial rotate limb towards midline
rotate away from midline
adduction
frontal /Abduction medially toward midline
coniyarm laterally from Midi ;
& legs)

transit rotation
-

only axial skeleton lheaddg

vertabrea
circwmdllltlon only shoulder aghips
lateral flexion only ataxia skeleton
 ( cont) movement
terminology
term description

scapula}elevation superior movement

{ saw depression inferior movement → palm a .

radius & Ulna are parallel

forearm{ supinate
pronate radius ✗ over ulna palm a -

ewates foot's medial side

foot {Inversion
"
turn in "

eversion " turn out elevate foot 's lateral side

"

scapula
saw {
protract structure moves anteriorly
retract nature moves poster, on,

hE¥%eri Aton wander from usual

course .

Lex mandible while chewing)

.

opposition carpo metacarpal point of thumb

thumbpad ✗ Palm to digit 5

prone lying down

supine face WD anatomical POSITION
.
.

types Of JOINTS → structure determines fx .

↳ fi Demus & cartilaginous lil to no mov =

.

synovial Joints contain 501Mt CAVITY

: .

this allows for movement .

6 types
ball 4 socket : can move on every plane
hinge : only flex & extend .

gliding : 2 flat surface least movement -

ellipsoid : oval end of one bone WI ellipse -tf

saddle : convex a concave like 2 saddles
pivot : allow one Done to rotate around the
Other .
1 head da neck)
 Shoulder & arm muscles

Muscle N

/
A 0 I
ACTION /fx) originllstaltacnment insertion and attachment Nerve innervation

deltoid abduct
flex med rotate
lateral 113 of
deltoid axillary
clavicle acromion
-

15,66
. ,

horiz adduct
-

qspineot ,
,

scapula
tuberosity
extend lat rotate ,
.

horizontal Abduct
Bilaterally :
/ At " "
"
13 Of "AVIV
extend laterally flex ,
, spinal portion of CNX ,
external occipital protuberance
rotate , elevate , upwardly ,

ACROMION & spine &

( accessory)
f- ✓ Chp @ 2- I
medial portion of superior nuchal line
of ventral
th S rotate ottneocciputiigamentumnucnae
( 2. 3,4
middle fibers :
spinous processes 0-+1--12
SCAPULA .
ramus
3. groups : upperdescending) adduct stabilize .

middle fibers lower fibers :

lowercaseending) depress
upwardly rotate

extend , inferiors of lntertubicular Tnoracodorsal

adduct med
Latissimus , . scapula spinous groove of
• mess . *
-
. the
c. 6 -

g
rotate humerus
dorsi 6T Vertebra
.
. .

ribs thora
last 314 .

columnar fascia

& Post iliac .

crest

extend , Inferiors crest of lower scapular

tres adduct tower 't of the lesser 05.6.7
,
.

major med rotate lateral soap

.
.
tubercle of
the humerus

Abduct swprasp.in -

greater subscap -

suprasplnatus stabilize ousfossa tubercle Ular .

of numerus ( (4) 5,6 ,

Iat rotate -

greater
adduct
t.nfraspmoustubercheofsupscapvlarinfrasprnat.us
fossa stabilize
CED 5,6 .
. humerus .

Upper 213
tres minor lat rotate
. greater axillary
adduct 's lateral Scap tubercle of .
C 5,6
Stabilize humerus .

med rotate subscapular lesser

.
Upper Glower
of
Stabilize fossa scapula tubercle Subscapular
numerous
subscapular,j 65,6 7
.

,
 Shoulder & arm muscles

muscle A 0 i N
:mea
rhomboid Adduct may .

Maj SPINOUS boarder btwn

.

major elevate process -12 spineofscap . dorsal

da downward -
TS 41ns:$ scapular
Minor rotate .
min : spinous upper
min :

med boarder
process 07511 4,5
.

across from
splheofscap .

depress first inferior

subclavius clavicle rib & , surface SUDCIAVM
elevate 1st cartilage of mid -113 05×06
rib , stabilize of clavicle
joint
flex elbow , snort :(Ora -

tuberosity
biceps supinate forearm Coia process
of radius Muscato .

brachii flex shoulder of scapula . .

aponeurosis cutaneous
Of biceps
long : super . Gg 6
,

braeii
glenoid tub .

of scapula .

a" : extend long :/ nfragienoid

triceps tubercle of radial
10h9 : extend scapula Olecranon
brachii adduct lateral post : process of 16.7.8
surface of prox
the Ulna T1
.

'
Kot numerus

med : post surf .

Of distal '
12 Of
humerus .

flex coracoid med surface

>Shoulder
-

adduct process of mid -

MUSCUIO -

coracobrachialis numeral cutaneous

shaft
( 6,7 .
 muscles of forearm anand
muscle A 0 I N
brachial is flex elbow distal 112 tuberosity
musculouitotant.qeoronidaneous.sn
surface of
.

Process of branch from

numerus ulna radial 05,6
flex elbow proximal
Styria radial
brachial -

pronate & 213 Of / at process of 65,6

radial is supinate sursracondyl radius
forearm .

triage of
humerus . -

extensor extend 8 longus : distal longus base

longus radial
Of 2
carpiradialisadductwrists-upercondylmen-acam.eu C. 5.6.7.8
longus flex elbow ridge of humerus brevis 3rd
& : Brevis radial
brevis brevis common metacarpal
:
extensor tendon
.

co , 7,8
from latepicon

extensor extend common base ofstn radial

>wrist extensor
Carpi Ulmanis adduct metacarpal C. 6.7 18
tendon .

extend wrist & common base ofmiad radial

extensor
.

E. distal digits
Carpi digitorum digits 2-5 extensor
tendon 2- s C b , , ,g

extend lateral olecranon

ancone.US the elbow epicondyl process a radial 67,8

|
.

Post prox
.
.

Ulna .

""" " "" " Post swrtlleottendonof radial

2nd
adduct >
-

Indic is distal shaft extensor Cbi 7,8

dig ,+ Othlna & digitorum at
extend wrist interosseous
2nd metacarpal
membrane .

→ elbow
extensor flex common flex bases 01-293 median
radians adduct
> wrist tendon
Carpi metacarpals 06,718
paimarls tense palmar common flexor median
longus fascia flexortendon retinaculum 4612,8
flex wrist palmar Tt
aponeurosis

'
/
 forearm Ghandccn 3) . muscles

Muscle N

,un
A 0 I
ACTION /fx) originllstaltacnment insertion Czndattalnment Nerve innervation

flexor flex > wngphummeralheadplsiform , Ulnar

Carpi UMAN's adduct ulnar head

nookotnamak
G. 8
bases meta .

flex elbow carpal . Tt

g- common flexor sides of mid
flex dig
flexor
2- .
median
+ endonfmmea

dfgifopumtllxwnstemcondyinum.philangesotc.gg
ulnar collateral
coronoid process
digits 2- 5
T ,

superficial is
.

prox .snaH

ftp.xfpflexdl92-5-antdamea.baseotdista/2dg3:medC7
surfaces
flex wrist phalanges , ,
g

digitorum 314 palmar Otprox

445
.

: ulnar
digits of ulna .
2- g-
. .

pro T1

Pronate common flexor middle of

pronator forearm tendon tm
med epicondyle
.

lateral surface mea.com

of the
-

radius
fluffs flex elbow humaneness
coronoid Process
Of Ulna .

pronator pronate mea.ant.lat.am

surface of surface of
.

mea .

forearm C) 8
quadratus
,

distal ulna distal radius .

.

> ,

supinate latepicondtt ant . sat .

Supinator forearm otnummerus

radial
surface of
radial
collateral PROX -113 Of
65.617)
" 9. radial shaft
- etc .

abduct post surface

Abductor base of
-

# numb rawat
extend radius 4 first meta
pollicis 8
-

una .
carpal
Clem ,

IONGUS Abduct wrist interosseous mem

extend longus : post → base of distal

extensor
.

surface ulna
phalanx of
thumb radial
pollicis Abduct Brent : Post → .
thumb
of
"' " 8
surface radius base
LONGUS / brevis wrist
-

proxima,
 hand & thumb muscles

Muscle A 0 I N
ACTION /fx) originllstaltacnment insertion Czndattalnment Nerve innervation

superficial
Abductor abductthombtlexorretin -

base of Prox .

head : flexor
acuium
Pollicis Asst .
Inoppo -

trapezium
Phalanx of retin .

thumb deep ulnar

brevis Sitton thumb scaphoid tuber .
'

head :( 8,11

flexor flex thumb saphead : flexor baseofprox .

sup head :Med

-
.

retinaculum Cb 7.8.11
pollicis assit.in oppos .
phalanx of .

deep trapezium
of thumb thumb deep Ulnar
brevis :
head trapezoid
head :C8 -11
capitate .

opposition of flexor entire length of

Opponents thumb at the retinaculum first metacarpal median
bone
cdrpometa / carpal tubercle of the ↳ ii. g
pollicis * t.a.z.am .

adductor adduct thumb capitate , base otproxlm .

pollicis assit.to flex 2nd E. 3rd phalanx of Ulnar

thumb Metacarpals ( 8,1T
thumb
.
.

lumbricalis extend digits surface of flexor extensor 243 :

median co ,
us , ,,

Of the 2- g @ lnterphalan digitorum aponeurosis

465 : " thar " 's
-9cal 10Mt
Protwndus dorsal surface
hand flexougitszs young,n ,
T,

adduct thumb base of 1st base of prox

palmar
lnterossei 2-5→ 3
2nd # igtn
,

Phalanx of
.

lunatics
,

flex related digit

thumb digits T,
extend . daextensoraponeu .

Abduct 2-4 adjacent base ofprox .

Doggy, Sides of phalanx of Ulnar c8

flex 2-4
lnterossei Metacarpals 2-49 extensor T,
extend 2-¢
aponeurosis

Abductor abducts pisitorm base of

assist tendon of proximal Ulnar 17
Dtglti of
opposition flexor Carpi phalanx of 8
Minimi
gtothumbwlnaris 5 .
Tl
?⃝
 flexor

opponengoppos
µeX5 .mn/nookof/gna*of/mnarc
hook of base of Ulnar CT
dtgitmmimiassistin hamate prox phalanx
-
18
brevis opposition flexor 5. digit Tl
retinacul .

,
et
digit , of 5th hamate smetacar .

minimi digit flexor Ulnar Tl

retinaculum surface

chapter 4: spines thorax

muscle A 0 i n
erector t.at flex. common various spinal
spinal group extend tendon to attachment
'

Vert .CO/umnpost.sacNm
> spiralis spmousprocspinousproce .

ofupperlumofuppertnorac

spmousproc.spmousproces.CI
otcenicals.cl
longissimus com tendon lower 9 ribs
.

transverse { transverse
processes of Process
of

45 thoraasthoraeic }
cervical
mastoid
process of
temple .

common transverse
vlliocostalis tendon process of
post ribs 1-1221-3 & Dost
. .

ribs 6-12
1- 6
transverse
process of
power C 's
splenius rotatedgflexspmovsproc .
mastoid
07+0-14 Process
same
→
capitis neck to cervical
→ Cervia's side spinous proc transverse
.
-

-13--16 process
Cl -03
 " " """ lumbar

.ua/+r. .m..n. . .#.

last rib
"" "" Posterior
.

iat.fm/ren- transverse "" "

Lumborwm tosamesioe iliac process -112,2, -3
extend crest .

Lt -4
tixlastrib .

rectus flexvert.CO/.PWbiccrest cartilage -15-6,1-7-12

Of ribs 5-7 rami
abdominis tilt pelvis post & symphysis xipnoidproc Ventral .

external lat.TK/ same external ant -

itliac (1-5,6)-17-12
side rotate ribs 5- 12 crest .

oblique
.
-

side
opposite rectus
sheath to
compress lineaaiba .

Contents .

t.at flex & Iat inguinal tht towers

Internal -128,9-12,4
- .
.

same ligament, ribs rectus

rotate
.

ODIIAUE ttlionypogastric
.

Sheath to
side flex illiaccrest
Vert -
.

Cowmbtnoracoiumbarlineaalbaiilomguinas
ventral ram
. .

compress

Abdominis contents iliac crest , to tinea iliohypogastric

thoracolurnbar
f-asia internal
alba . dgilioinguinat ventral ,

lower bribes
divisions .

drawdown costal : inner central phrenic

diaphragm central ten
surtauotiowertenaon
Ofdiapnragmb ribs
-

.
C3 -5 .

F. V01 Oftnora lumbar : upper

. .

2 -310mbar Vert
cavity when
sternal : inner

inhaling .
xiphoid proc .

Intercostals drawribssup .

interior superior
→
externa, Pspace in cavity boarder to thoracic
Inhalation boarder of
rib
.

→ Internal below
ribs inferior . rib above
tspalein cavity
exhalation .

Chapters : Head & Neck .

muscle A 0 i n

sternoaeido.la/-.f1extoSternalheAdmastoidprospinai
accessory LXD
of temporal
Mastoid samesiaetopotma.nu
-

rotate opprobrium bonedalat

62,3
. .

side .fi/exClavicular ;
portion of
superior
neck assit Medial -113
.

nuchal line
-
inhalation Of clavicle occiput .
?⃝
scaienesflat.flexytransverseytirstribyc.t
-8
→ anterior Nsamesiae processes -6
rotate HEN
→ middle to opposite .
Transverse first rib C4 -8

elevate ribs process 02-7

during in .

→
posterior flex HGN Transverse second C. 4- 8
lanteriorproccesscbii rib
pelvis &
Chapter 6
.

thigh
.

muscle A 1 0 i n

quadriceps extend rectus

femoris knee femoris:A"s tibial femoral
vastus med lip
group flex hip
-

L2 -4
-

meaiaiisiotiinea
aspera
tuberosity
Yaafetrusaiisigatut "¥be
greater troch .

'

inter - -
ant . Iat .

medius -
shaft femur

( Hamstrings flex knee LH :/ senior head Of LH : sciatic 1-3

rotate flexed LS
Bicep tuberosity fibula
Femoris knee -

extend stlitatiipot SH : sciatic 1-2

{
hip t.at rotate tinea LS
long
.
.

head nip .fi/tpeNis

posteriorly .

flex knee proximal ,

Semitendenousmea rotate
"
ischia medial shaft
.
sciatic 1,2
extend hip
"
tuberosity [email protected]
med rotate
. tendon
tilt pelvis post .

post aspect
semi 11
-

mem
bran
✗ ÷÷;•
condyle of

osus
 .*
a o i n
( Glutes ) extena.at " "" " edge iliotibia ,
rotate abductofsacmm tract inferior glutials
,

Maximus
.it/iaccrestg1wteatAdAUCthipSacr0tUberous
nip .
post ↳ 51,2
'

tuberosity
{ sacroiliac
ligaments .

µ A gluteal surf .
later aspect Superior

medius 7 Ofinium
.mn
. Ot greater
.name.
gluteal
ant gluteal
.
*.
lines . Sl

abduct nip g. lute surface anterior superior

minimus med rotate btwn ant } aspect of
-
-

gluteal
** in.am#n...ea+er 14 's
hip trochanter
[email protected]
.

amusof medial lirsot Obturator

pubis , ramus tinea aspera 22,3>4
-

Magnus Gmed.ro/-ateotisonium&&adductorsciaticL4i5
iscniatvberositytubercteay.it/exniD
hip .

Pettine at
longus PUBIC obturator
-

gracilis : flex line { med

Knee
.

med -
rotate knee
tubercle lip 1213,4
post fibers inferior of pectineallihe Obturator
brevis
-

Magnus : extend ramus of

nip
4medi.li'D -2221314
I pubis tinea aspera
-

pectine.US sup ramus

.
peetineai femoral E. obtur -

ator
Ot pubis line ottemur Lz -4
-

gracilis int ramus . proximal , obturator

of pubis medial shaft L2 , 3,4
of tibia@
pesanserinus
tendon

( dee.pro/-atorg1at.rotateant.surtausuD- aspect
Otsacmmot Greater
sacral plexus
hip L( g) g. 1,2
piritormis abduct nip trochanter
when flexed
'

quadratis Iat
.ro/-ate1at.b0raerintertrocna-sacraepiexusOfiscniasnteric
hip 14,5
femoris tuberosity .
crest
btwn > e. a
SI (2)
trochanter
?⃝
 IAt.fexlsp.i×nemia.us/.n| . . m.a
Obturator medial sacral Plexus
Obturator Iat
rotate membrane
.

surface
""
"" " " "" " " """" " " "
of obturator trochanter Si (2)
foramen
Obturator tat rotate
-
ramiotpubistrocnanteric Obturator
fossa of
extern US hip . { ischium ,
femur .
13,4
obturator
membrane

gemmell US
.

t.at rotate ischia,

. med surface sacral plexus
-

superior hip spine > trochanter

15151,2
" " Ischia n sacral plexus
inferior
n

tuberosity 14.15 Sl CD

jfiopasoas flex hip

may
bodies & lesser femoral
-
lot .

hip
transverse trochanter 1111213,4
major
- rotate
psoas flex truck to processes
thigh tilt .
of LV .

pelvis center .

lat rotate
trochanter Lcnz , -3,4
.

nip
+
thigh
tilt pelvis
anteriorly

chapter > : leg & toot

muscle a 0 i n

flex knee condyles calcaneus

gastrocnemius plantarflexotfemurviacaicaneatibiat.SI . 2

Ankle Postsvrfale tendon

plantar Sokal line
Sole US flex ankle prox Post -
11 If tibial LS
surface of 51,2
tibia post .
.

aspect of
head Of fibula
?⃝
?⃝