Proceedings of the ASME 2021 40th International

Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering

OMAE2021
June 21-30, 2021, Virtual, Online

OMAE2021-62980

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE COUPLING BETWEEN AERO- AND
HYDRODYNAMICAL LOADS ON A 12 MW SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE FLOATING
WIND TURBINE

Maxime Thys Carlos Souza Thomas Sauder Nuno Fonseca

SINTEF Ocean SINTEF Ocean SINTEF Ocean SINTEF Ocean
Trondheim, Norway Trondheim, Norway Trondheim, Norway Trondheim, Norway

Petter Andreas Berthelsen Espen Engebretsen 1 Herbjørn Haslum

SINTEF Ocean Inocean Equinor
Trondheim, Norway Oslo, Norway Oslo, Norway

ABSTRACT cost reduction are the growth in turbine size, the installation
Model tests were performed with a model of the INO method and the floater and mooring design.
WINDMOOR 12 MW floating wind turbine in the Ocean Basin Safe and cost-effective design of the floater and mooring
at SINTEF Ocean. The tests were done at a scale of 1:40. Real- system requires reliable modelling of wave loads, winds load and
Time Hybrid Model testing was used for the modelling of the their interaction. A new research project [1] on floating wind
wind turbine rotor and aerodynamic loads. A subset of the results turbines was started in 2019 with focus on the low-frequency
is analysed to study the influence of the wind on the platform hydrodynamic excitation and damping, aerodynamic interaction
motions, the acceleration at tower top, the loads at base of tower between wind turbines, and efficient global analysis methods for
and the relative wave elevation. The study is based on the floating wind turbines in a farm foundation.
comparison of the quantities of interest for different tests with the A new floating wind turbine concept was designed for the
same moderate sea-state but with different wind modelling: no project with the INO WINDMOOR semi-submersible floater
wind, constant thrust force, turbulent wind of 11.5 m/s and and the WINDMOOR 12 MW wind turbine. The concept was
turbulent wind of 25 m/s. tested in the Ocean Basin at SINTEF Ocean in March 2020. The
The wind modelling has a minimal influence on the platform model was exposed to waves, current and wind where the rotor
surge and pitch response in the wave-frequency range. On the loads and tower drag loads were modelled by use of the Real-
other hand, the aerodynamic loads, including wind turbine Time Hybrid Model (ReaTHM®) 2 testing technique. The
controller dynamics and turbulent wind, has an important ReaTHM method is used to alleviate challenges encountered
impact on the low-frequency surge and pitch response. when model testing an offshore wind turbine with physical wind
The aerodynamic loads are important for the loads at tower and rotor. For purely physical tests, the Froude-Reynolds scaling
base due to the dominance of the tower-RNA induced issue requires a redesign of the wind turbine rotor (e.g.
gravitational loads at low-frequency. performance scaling [2,3]) and the wind turbine controller [4,5].
Maximum relative wave elevation was found to be mainly The physical wind generation capabilities in a hydrodynamic test
dependent on the thrust induced mean pitch angle. facility are also typically inferior to the wave generation
capabilities with respect to representativeness [6] and
Keywords: Floating offshore wind turbine, model tests, documentation [7]. ReaTHM testing enables testing of offshore
Real-Time Hybrid Model testing, Hardware-in-the-loop wind turbines with high fidelity and in a controlled environment
while also increasing the testing possibilities (e.g. performing
1. INTRODUCTION tests with extreme coherent gust with wind direction change,
Floating offshore wind turbines are under continuous with different types of wind turbine controller, ….)
development. Some of the directions that are most focused on for The model tests generated a large and consistent dataset of
results that are used to study 1) the low-frequency response by

1
Present affiliation: Oceanwind AS, Oslo, Norway
2
ReaTHM® testing stands for Real-Time Hybrid Model testing, and is a registered trademark of SINTEF Ocean

V009T09A030-1 Copyright © 2021 by ASME

use of regular, bi-chromatic and irregular waves, 2) the coupling speed (1700 kN thrust at peak). See [10] for a detailed
between the aerodynamic and the hydrodynamic loads, and description of the controller.
3) the experimental and statistical uncertainty by repetition tests A new tower was designed within the project to support the

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as well as seed variations. 12 MW WINDMOOR wind turbine. The tower is based on a
This paper focuses on the description of the model tests and stiff-stiff design. It has a length of 110.2 m and is extending from
the analysis of selected results of interest for objective 2). The the deck. The tower diameter at the tower base is 9.90 m and 5.97
INO WINDMOOR semi-submersible and the 12 MW m at tower top. The tower has a mass of 1161.6 t.
WINDMOOR wind turbine are first presented. The experimental The prototype floater is moored into place by use of catenary
setup and the way the wind is modelled by use of ReaTHM mooring system composed of chain-polyester-chain. The
testing is then described. Finally, selected results focusing on the fairleads are at waterline.
influence of the wind loads on the response are presented.
The model test results are used to study the low-frequency
response (i.e. objective 1) in [8] where the calibration of a time-
domain hydrodynamic model is discussed, and in [9] where the
empirical and numerical quadratic transfer functions of the
horizontal wave drift loads on the INO WINDMOOR floating
wind turbine are compared. The uncertainty analysis (i.e.
objective 3) is part of future work.
All values in the paper are given at full-scale unless
otherwise noted.

2. INO WINDMOOR FLOATING WINDTURBINE

The INO WINDMOOR floating wind turbine prototype was
jointly designed by the project partners [10], see Fig. 1.
The floater is a triangular shaped semi-submersible
composed of three vertical cylinders interconnected with
rectangular deck beams and rectangular submerged lower
pontoons. The main characteristics of the prototype floater are
given in Tab. 1.

TABLE 1: MAIN DIMENSIONS OF THE INO WINDMOOR

PROTOTYPE FLOATER

Parameter Unit Value

Column diameter m 15.0
Column height m 31.0
Pontoon width m 10.0
Pontoon height m 4.0
Centre-centre distance m 61.0
Deck-Beam width m 3.5 FIGURE 1: THE INO WINDMOOR FLOATING WIND TURBINE
Deck-Beam height m 3.5 WITH THE 12 MW WINDMOOR WIND TURBINE
Draft m 15.5

The wind turbine is centred on one of the three pontoons, 3. MODEL DESCRIPTION
allowing, among others, for a floater with a minimal number of A Froude scale of 1:40 was used for the model tests. The
vertical cylinders and for ease of access to the wind turbine. model was made of a combination of steel and hard plastic foam
The wind turbine is based on an upscale of the IEA 10 MW material. The floater was built as a rigid body, the tower-RNA
reference wind turbine [11]. The rotor has a diameter of 216.9 m. was also built as a rigid unit and both were connected by use of
The total mass of the rotor-nacelle-assembly (RNA) is 849.1 t. a spring at tower base. The spring was tuned to achieve a first
The centre of the rotor is 147.2 m above the keel. The wind tower fore-aft natural frequency of 0.56 Hz when the model is
turbine has a rated wind speed of 10.6 m/s and a cut-out wind floating and moored. The mass distribution of the tower-RNA
speed of 25.0 m/s. and the first fore-aft natural frequency are correctly modelled but
The wind turbine controller uses a variable-speed variable- the modeshape of the tower deformation is not the same as for
pitch approach and a thrust peak-shaving strategy near rated the prototype due to this simplification. The model is represented
in Fig 2.

V009T09A030-2 Copyright © 2021 by ASME

 was not sought modelled accurately since the tower was stiff in
yaw (no dynamic response contributing to internal loads), and
the total inertia in yaw was dominated by that of the floater.

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4. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
The tests were performed in the Ocean Basin at SINTEF
Ocean which has a length of 80 m, a width of 50 m and an
adjustable depth of 0 – 10 m (model scale values). The
experimental setup, including the location of the two
wavemakers (main single-flap wavemaker BM2 and multi-flap
wavemaker BM3) and the coordinate systems are shown in
Fig. 3. At rest, the model is centred in the basin. The water depth
for the model tests was 150 m.
Two right-handed coordinate system were used in the tests,
one global earth-fixed and a body fixed. Both coincided with the
model at rest. The systems' origin was at the mean waterline and
at the geometric centre of the floater. The Z-axis pointed
upwards and the X-axis in the main wave and wind propagating
direction.
A catenary mooring system was specified for the prototype,
FIGURE 2: THE INO WINDMOOR MODEL AT A SCALE OF 1:40 but a simplified horizontal mooring system was used for the
model tests 1) since the focus was on the floater hydrodynamic
loads and 2) to remove any uncertainty due to mooring modelling
TABLE 2: SPECIFIED MASS CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE and mooring damping. The mooring system was made of three
FLOATER AND TOWER-RNA OF THE PROTOTYPE lines, with the fairlead at deck-height on the outside of each
vertical cylinder and the anchor points 120 m above mean
Unit Floater Tower-RNA Total waterline around the basin. The angle between the lines is of 120
Mass t 11974 2011 13985 degrees when the model is at rest. The mooring lines were above-
water to avoid any hydrodynamic loads on the lines. The model
COG x m -5.910 35.218 0.003
mooring system was designed to reproduce the horizontal
COG y m 0.000 0.000 0.000 mooring stiffness of the prototype mooring system around
KG m 5.800 103.10 19.79 equilibrium. The change in pitch stiffness due to the change in
Ixx tm2 6.703E+06 4.031E+06 2.704E+07 mooring system (from catenary to horizontal) is minor.
Iyy tm2 4.156E+06 3.937E+06 2.731E+07 In ReaTHM testing, one part of the system is modelled
Izz tm2 9.455E+06 2.562E+05 1.262E+07 physically, while the other part, whose behaviour is assumed to
be well described theoretically, is modelled numerically [12,13].
TABLE 3: AS-BUILT MASS CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE In the present application, the physical subsystem contains
FLOATER AND TOWER-RNA OF THE MODEL (FULL-SCALE the Froude-scaled floating substructure, tower, and mooring
VALUES) lines as described in the previous section. The floater was subject
to physical waves and current.
Unit Floater Tower-RNA Total The aerodynamic loads on the tower and rotor, and the
Mass t 12129 1994 14124 inertia-related rotor loads were modelled numerically (while the
COG x m -5.800 35.218 -0.008 rotor rigid body inertial and gravitational loads were modelled
COG y m 0.000 0.000 0.000 physically).
KG m 5.700 103.00 19.44 In the numerical subsystem, the full scale 12 MW rotor is
Ixx tm2 6.664E+06 3.997E+06 2.687E+07 modelled in FAST v8.16 [14]. A modified version of FAST was
Iyy tm2 4.264E+06 3.997E+06 2.735E+07 used that ran in real-time and that was able to take measured
Izz tm2 9.684E+06 3.716E+04 1.260E+07 positions, velocities, and accelerations at the RNA as input from
the model tests. The time-step used in the simulations is 0.063s
The mass properties of the floater and the tower-RNA of the which is equivalent to 100Hz model scale. Two degrees of
prototype are given in Tab. 2 and are compared to the as-built freedom (DOF's) are enabled in addition to the platform DOFs;
values for the model in Tab. 3. The centre of gravity (COG) is the generator and the first flap wise mode of the blade. The
given with respect to the geometric centre of the floater. Mass output of the simulations are the aerodynamic loads on the tower,
and COG-position were within 2% of the specification. Moments the aerodynamic loads on the rotor and the mass-related rotor
of inertia relative to the COG were within 3% of the loads (e.g. gyroscopic effects) that come in addition to the rigid
specification. The moment of inertia in yaw of the tower-RNA body inertial and gravitational loads which are physical.

V009T09A030-3 Copyright © 2021 by ASME

 The simulated tower and rotor loads were applied at tower components linear accelerometer. The shear force and bending
top on the model by use of a cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) moments at the base of the tower were measured by use of strain
[15]. All loads except for the vertical components were applied gauges. The mooring lines tensions were measured by use of

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on the model. The CDPR was composed of 6 actuators force sensors at the fairlead side of the mooring system. The
positioned around the basin and connected by thin lines to a loads applied by the CDPR were measured by use of force
frame mounted at the tower top. Position of the actuators is sensors, at the model side, on each line connected to the frame at
shown in Fig. 3. The bandwidth of the load actuation system the tower top. The relative wave elevation was measured at 6
ranged from 0 Hz up to and including the first tower fore-aft locations around the model, approximately 3 m from the model
mode. hull to the probe, see RW1-6 in Fig. 3.

5. TEST PROGRAM
The model test program started with decay and pull-out test
to document the system properties. Tests with waves only were
then performed with regular waves, bi-chromatic waves and
irregular waves. The regular and bi-chromatic waves were
selected to obtain most possible information about the quadratic
transfer functions. Some of the regular, bi-chromatic and
irregular waves were performed with current.
Tests with waves and wind were then performed. First the
wind loads were modelled as a simple constant body-fixed thrust
force. Eventually the rotor loads were modelled with high
fidelity by use of FAST simulations with turbulent wind.

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

6.1 System Properties

The horizontal mooring system had close to linear properties
with a stiffness in surge of 95.9 kN/m, a stiffness in sway of
98.3 kN/m and a stiffness in yaw of 5204 kNm/deg. The natural
periods of the moored system are given in Tab. 4.

TABLE 4: Eigenperiods of the moored system in calm

water (at initial position) for the different degrees of
freedom

Surge Sway Heave Roll Pitch Yaw

Tp [s] 94.9 95.0 16.3 28.1 30.1 49.6

6.2 Surge and Pitch Response of the Floater

The influence of the wind modelling and the related rotor
FIGURE 3: EXPERIMENTAL SETUP loads is studied by comparing the measured surge and pitch
platform motions for 4 tests with the same moderate sea-state but
with different wind and rotor loads. The 3-hour tests were
Before the start of the model tests, the experimental setup is performed with an irregular sea-state representing a JONSWAP
verified and documented by use of pull-out and decay tests to wave spectrum with a significant wave height 𝐻𝐻𝑠𝑠 =6.19 m, a peak
verify the mooring stiffness and the model mass properties. The period 𝑇𝑇𝑝𝑝 =12.00 s, and a wave propagating direction of
ReaTHM test system is verified by use of decay tests where the 0 degrees. The different wind and rotor load modelling
system is commanded to apply zero net loads. approaches are 1) no wind, 2) constant aerodynamic thrust of
During the tests, the results from the different measurement 1570 kN applied at rotor centre, 3) loads simulated by FAST
channels are analysed after each run and the performance of the software for an operating wind turbine in a turbulent wind of 11.5
CDPR is continuously monitored by comparison between m/s (just above rated), and 4) loads simulated by FAST software
commanded and measured loads applied on the model. for an operating wind turbine in a turbulent wind of 25.0 m/s (at
As instrumentation on the model, the model motions were cut-out wind speed but with wind turbine in normal operation).
measured at two locations by use of an optical motion capture The mean aerodynamic thrust for the different tests is given in
system (mocap): 1) on the floater and 2) at the nacelle. The Tab. 5. Three-hour wind input timeseries were generated using
acceleration at the nacelle was measured by use of a three- the Mann turbulence generator [16]. Turbulence intensity was

V009T09A030-4 Copyright © 2021 by ASME

according to IEC 61400-1, with 14.8% for 11.5 m/s and 11.7% wind turbine is typically seen due to the change in mooring
for 25.0 m/s. The wave and wind spectra are represented in Fig. stiffness due to the mean offset caused by the thrust [19]. This
4 together with the experimentally determined floater surge and change is not present in these tests due to the use of a nearly

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pitch response amplitude operators (RAO) for the tests without linear mooring system. The wave-frequency response in surge is
wind. The surge and pitch response at resonance are not included not affected by the wind conditions, and modelling.
due to, for the wave conditions under consideration, the very The power spectra for the pitch motions of the platform are
small wave-induced responses at low frequency. shown in Fig. 6. For above rated conditions, the wind turbine
Different authors [17,18] have presented a change in the controller modifies the pitch eigenperiod of the system, with a
pitch RAO at the heave frequency due to the thrust induced mean period increasing with the thrust [19], see Tab. 5 for the wind
pitch angle. This heave-pitch coupling was also simulated with modelling dependent pitch period. The low-frequency response
the INO WINDMOOR floater with a frequency domain is nearly not affected by the constant thrust but is increased for
radiation-diffraction code by tilting the platform. The heave the cases with high-fidelity modelling of wind due to the wind
resonance was unfortunately not within the frequency range excitation and the influence of the controller on the damping
where the RAO was identified in the tests. The coupling for [20].
heave into pitch can also be seen for a tilted vertical circular
cylinder.

FIGURE 5: LOW AND WAVE-FREQUENCY POWER SPECTRA

OF THE SURGE MOTIONS OF THE FLOATER FOR DIFFERENT
FIGURE 4: SURGE AND PITCH RESPONSE AMPLITUDE WIND CONDITIONS AND MODELLING APPROACHES
OPERATOR (RAO) AND WAVE AND WIND SPECTRUM.

TABLE 5: NATURAL PITCH PERIOD, FLOATER MEAN SURGE

POSITION AND MEAN PITCH ANGLE FOR DIFFERENT WIND
CONDITIONS AND MODELLING APPROACHES

Pitch natural Mean Mean pitch Mean Aero

period [s] surge [m] angle [deg] thrust [kN]
No Wind 30.6 0.64 0.38 0
Constant thrust 30.2 14.92 7.54 1.57e3
U=11.5m/s 42.2 14.13 7.06 1.51e3
U=25.0m/s 34.3 7.20 3.87 8.57e2

The power spectra for the surge motions of the platform are
shown in Fig. 5. As expected, the constant thrust has a minor FIGURE 6: LOW AND WAVE-FREQUENCY POWER SPECTRA
influence on the low-frequency surge response, where low- OF THE PITCH MOTIONS OF THE FLOATER FOR DIFFERENT
frequency is defined as below 0.05 Hz. The low frequency surge WIND CONDITIONS AND MODELLING APPROACHES
response is larger for the cases with active controller due to the
reduction of the aerodynamic damping. As discussed in [19], the
aerodynamic damping is frequency-dependent due to tuning of 6.3 Accelerations at Tower Top
the wind turbine controller and, for the surge motions, it can be The power spectra of the surge position at tower top are
reduced or even negative for above rated conditions. A simple PI shown in Fig. 7. The peaks in the low-frequency and wave-
controller is used for the tests which is tuned to avoid interactions frequency parts of the spectra can easily be related to the low-
with the pitch motions only. The larger surge response at rated frequency and wave-frequency response in surge and pitch of the
wind speed is due to the larger thrust, and thus increased floater. The influence of the wind on the low-frequency part of
reduction in damping. A change in the surge natural period of the

V009T09A030-5 Copyright © 2021 by ASME

the response is in accordance with the observations described RNA-induced gravitational loads were extracted after the model
in 6.1. tests. The wind induced thrust and pitch moment were measured.
The body-fixed acceleration in surge at tower top is shown The inertial loads were computed based on the double derivative

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in Fig. 8. The double differentiation of the displacement is of the surge and pitch motions measured at the nacelle, and the
naturally putting more weight on the higher frequency parts of specified mass properties for the tower and the RNA. The
the response. The body-fixed acceleration in surge at tower top gravitational loads were computed based on the measured pitch
is dominated by the low-frequency and wave-frequency pitch angle at the nacelle. The power spectra of the total loads and the
motions. The low and wave-frequency surge motions have a different components are shown in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 for the
minor influence due to the longer periods. shear force and bending moment at base of tower, respectively,
for the sea state used previously (moderate sea-state 𝐻𝐻𝑠𝑠 =6.19 m
and 𝑇𝑇𝑝𝑝 =12.00 s) and with a turbulent wind of 25 m/s. Note that
similar observations were made with a turbulent wind of
11.5 m/s.

FIGURE 7: LOW AND WAVE-FREQUENCY POWER SPECTRA

OF THE SURGE MOTION AT TOWER TOP FOR DIFFERENT
WIND CONDITIONS AND MODELLING APPROACHES

FIGURE 9: LOW AND WAVE-FREQUENCY POWER SPECTRA

OF THE FORE-AFT SHEAR FORCE AT BASE OF TOWER FOR
DIFFERENT WIND CONDITIONS AND MODELLING
APPROACHES

FIGURE 8: LOW AND WAVE-FREQUENCY POWER SPECTRA

OF THE ACCELERATION IN SURGE AT TOWER TOP FOR
DIFFERENT WIND CONDITIONS AND MODELLING
APPROACHES

FIGURE 10: LOW AND WAVE-FREQUENCY POWER SPECTRA

6.4 Loads at Base of Tower
OF THE FORE-AFT BENDING MOMENT AT BASE OF TOWER
The loads at the base of the tower are caused by the FOR DIFFERENT WIND CONDITIONS AND MODELLING
aerodynamic loads on the rotor, and the inertial and gravitational APPROACHES
loads due to the mass of the RNA and the tower. The power
spectra for the fore-aft shear force and bending moment at base
of tower for different wind loads are shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, At wave-frequency, it is seen that the shear force is
respectively. The spectra of the loads show the same trends as dominated by the inertial loads, with equivalent contributions
the spectra of the acceleration at tower top given in Fig. 8, from the RNA and the tower. For the bending moment, the wave-
indicating that the inertial loads probably play a dominant role. frequency loads are dominated by the inertial loads of the RNA
The different components of the loads, i.e. aerodynamic due to the length of the arm from base of tower to the RNA.
loads, tower and RNA-induced inertial loads and tower and

V009T09A030-6 Copyright © 2021 by ASME

 For the low-frequency part of the loads, the response is model. The maximum and standard deviation of the measured
dominated by the gravitational loads, again with equivalent relative wave elevation for the same test conditions as presented
contribution of the RNA and the tower on the shear force while previously and with different wind modelling is shown in Fig.

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the moment is dominated by the gravitational loads due to the 13.
RNA. The maximum is affected by the mean pitch induced by the
aerodynamic thrust but is not sensitive to the type of wind loads.
The standard deviation across the different wind cases is very
similar and indicates that the wind modelling has no significant
influence on the standard deviation.

FIGURE 11 LOW AND WAVE-FREQUENCY POWER SPECTRA

OF THE FORE-AFT SHEAR FORCE AT BASE OF TOWER FOR
THE CASE WITH A TURBULENT WIND OF 25 m/s.

FIGURE 13: MAXIMUM AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE

REALTIVE WAVE ELEVATION FOR TESTS WITH DIFFERENT
WIND CONDITIONS AND MODELLING APPROACHES

7. CONCLUSION
A model of the INO WINDMOOR 12 MW floating wind
turbine was tested in the Ocean Basin at SINTEF Ocean. Real-
Time Hybrid Model testing was used to enable high-fidelity
modelling of rotor loads, including wind turbine controller
action.
FIGURE 12: LOW AND WAVE-FREQUENCY POWER SPECTRA The mean tilt of the floater, as seen in the tests with waves
OF THE FORE-AFT BENDING MOMENT AT BASE OF TOWER and a constant thrust force at tower top, had a minor influence on
FOR THE CASE WITH A TURBULENT WIND OF 25 m/s.
the model response in surge and pitch compared to the test with
waves only. For the tests with turbulent wind and an active wind
6.5 Relative Wave Elevation turbine controller, it is seen that the wind turbine controller
The model was equipped with 6 relative wave probes (RW1 changes the surge and pitch damping level at resonance and the
to RW6), i.e. wave probes connected to the model and measuring peak resonance frequency in pitch. The wave-frequency part of
the free surface elevation relative to the model at fixed positions the response is only minimally impacted by the wind modelling.
around the model, see Fig. 3. Relative wave probes are typically Similar observations were made for the acceleration at tower top
used to measure the maximum wave elevation close to the which is governed by the pitch motions.

V009T09A030-7 Copyright © 2021 by ASME

 The loads at tower base were decomposed into its different Modeling and Real-Time Implementation for Wind Tunnel
components, i.e. aerodynamic, gravitation and inertial loads. The Tests,” Proceedings of the ASME 2018 37th International
gravitational loads are found to be dominating at low-frequency Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering,

Downloaded from http://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/OMAE/proceedings-pdf/OMAE2021/85192/V009T09A030/6780789/v009t09a030-omae2021-62980.pdf by NTNU Universitets Biblioteket user on 24 February 2023

and the inertial loads at wave frequency, with equal contributions ASME, Madrid, Spain, p. V010T09A081.
from the tower mass and the RNA mass on the shear-force at [6] Robertson, A. N., Jonkman, J. M., Goupee, A. J., Coulling,
tower base and main contribution from the RNA mass on the A. J., Prowell, I., Browning, J., Masciola, M. D., and Molta,
bending moment at tower base. P., 2013, “Summary of Conclusions and Recommendations
The maximum relative wave elevation measured around the Drawn from the DeepCwind Scaled Floating Offshore Wind
model is affected by the mean pitch angle but not so much the System Test Campaign,” Volume 8: Ocean Renewable
wind modelling approach. Energy, ASME, Nantes, France, p. V008T09A053.
The low-frequency part of the platform motions and loads at [7] Wendt, F. F., Robertson, A. N., and Jonkman, J. M., 2017,
base of tower are dependent on the correct modelling of the wind “FAST Model Calibration and Validation of the OC5-
and the wind turbine controller. The maxima of the relative wave DeepCwind Floating Offshore Wind System Against Wave
elevations are mainly dependent on the inclusion of the thrust Tank Test Data,” Proceedings of the 27th International
induced mean pitch angle. Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, International
Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS [8] Carlos Eduardo Silva de Souza, Nuno Fonseca, Petter
The research leading to these results has received funding Andreas Berthelsen, and Maxime Thys, 2021, “Calibration
from the Research Council of Norway through the ENERGIX of a Time-Domain Hydrodynamic Model for a 12 MW
programme (grant 294573) and industry partners Equinor, Semi-Submersible Floating Wind Turbine,” Proceedings of
MacGregor, Inocean, APL Norway and RWE Renewables. the ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean,
The author is grateful for the permission to use the INO Offshore & Arctic Engineering, Submitted, Virtual, Online.
WINDMOOR semisubmersible, which is jointly designed by [9] Fonseca, N., Thys, M., and Berthelsen, P. A., “Identification
Inocean and Equinor. of Wave Drift Force QTFs for the INO WINDMOOR
The research leading to these results has received funding Floating Wind Turbine Based on Model Test Data and
from the Research Council of Norway through the project No. Comparison with Potential Flow Predictions,” Submitted to
254845/O80 Real-Time Hybrid Model Testing for Extreme Journal of Physics, (18th Deep Sea Offshore Wind R&D
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The authors would like to thank Valentin Chabaud from [10] Carlos Eduardo Silva de Souza, Petter Andreas Berthelsen,
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