RESEARCH
PROPOSAL
Analysing Time
management and
sleep quality among
hostellers and day
scholars
01 INTRODUCTION OF VARIABLES
▪ Time management 05
▪ Sleep quality 06
02 NEED FOR STUDY
03 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
04 NEED FOR STUDY
05 METHODOLOGY
▪ Aim hypothesis objective 12
▪ Variable, Research question 10
06 TOOL DESCRIPTION
07 REFERENCE
TIME MANAGEMENT
Equal Possession, Differential Impact Social Success Through Efficient Working
The pivotal secret to life’s success or failure lies in the Success in social spheres hinges on effective and
equitable possession of time by everyone. Macan, Shahani, efficient working, a feat achievable only through adept
Dipboye, and Phillips (2000) underscore the critical role of time management. This principle is instilled early in
effectively managing this shared resource individuals, starting from their elementary education.
Task-Specific Efficiency Competitive Imperatives
The competitive environment of today’s world instills a culture of
The effectiveness and efficiency of time utilization effective time management from an early age. The high
vary based on the nature of tasks. Acknowledging performance demanded by competitive conditions compels
this variability is crucial as individuals navigate the organizations and directors to prioritize the efficient use of time,
driving a continuous search for ways to control and optimize this
demands of their personal and professional lives.
resource (Alay & Koçak, 2003).
Elevated Expectations in the Modern Workforce
As the expectations for knowledge and skills rise in the Forced Efficiency for Success
The competitive ethos forces a reevaluation of time as a
modern workforce, the necessity of strategic time
critical factor for success. Organizations and individuals are
planning becomes more pronounced. The correlation compelled to harness time effectively, recognizing it as a
between effective time management and meeting linchpin in achieving high-performance standards and
elevated professional standards is emphasized. realizing their goals.
SLEEP QUALITY
Social
Sleep’s Decline in Prevalence of Factors
Poor Sleep in Support
Impact on Sleep Influencing
University and Sleep
01 Health 02 Duration 03 05 Sleep Quality
Students 04 Quality
Studies, such as the Various behavioral
Sleep is a crucial Finnish research by and lifestyle factors,
modulator Kronholm et al. including cigarette
influencing hormone Poor sleep quality is Social support,
(2008), reveal a smoking, heavy
release, prevalent among encompassing
gradual reduction in drinking, physical
cardiovascular university students, supportive
sleep duration over inactivity, excessive
ranging from 19.17% interactions in the
activity, and glucose the past three Internet usage,
to 57.5%, with social environment,
regulation. Changes decades. Poor sleep mental health, and
in sleep quality or various factors may play a crucial
quality, now a time management,
duration have been contributing to these role in sleep quality.
common issue in are associated with
shown to significantly sleep-related Limited studies have
modern society, is poor sleep quality.
challenges (Yang et explored the
impact morbidity, associated with poor Internet addiction,
al., 2003; Suen et al., relationship between
affecting overall academic prevalent in college
health and well-being 2008; Tsui and Wing, social support and
achievement, students, has been
(Gangwisch et al., 2009). sleep, with
adverse health linked to mental
2006; Banks and indications that
effects, increased health morbidity and
Dinges, 2007; Hall et social isolation can
healthcare costs, sleep problems
al., 2008; Bixler, affect sleep
and absenteeism (Bixler, 2009; Tsai et
2009). negatively (Yao et al., al., 2009; Choi et al.,
from work (Trockel et
2008). 2009).
al., 2000).
NEED FOR
STUDY
Analyzing time management and sleep quality
among day scholars and hostellers is crucial for
understanding their profound impact on
psychological well-being. This research delves
into stressors, coping mechanisms, and
psychosocial factors, shedding light on
emotional experiences, cognitive functioning,
and help-seeking behaviors. By grounding
mental health interventions in psychological
principles, the study aims to enhance resilience
and contribute valuable insights to optimize the
psychological well-being of individuals in
diverse living arrangements.
REVIEW OF
LITERATURE
Navigating the shift from secondary to higher education demands
a significant adaptation in time management for both hostellers
and day scholars. With independent learning taking centre stage,
effective time management becomes pivotal for enhancing
productivity and overall well-being (Laurie & Hellsten, 2002).
Challenges like task aversion and uncertainty often lead to
procrastination, impacting organization and priority-setting. Early
cultivation of time management skills is stressed in the literature,
influencing not only academic success but also fostering a
balanced student experience (Lisa & Robert, 2008).Considering
the significance of time management, it is equally crucial to
explore the dynamics of sleep quality among hostellers and day
scholars. Quality sleep plays a fundamental role in overall well-
being, impacting cognitive functions and emotional resilience.
Hostellers, facing unique living arrangements, may encounter
sleep challenges compared to day scholars. Factors such as
dormitory noise, communal living, and different sleep routines
could influence sleep quality. Research consistently links effective
time management practices to overall success and performance
(Fazal, 2012).
REVIEW OF
LITERATURE
Time management stands as a pivotal skill for university students,
significantly influencing their overall productivity and efficiency
(Laurie & Hellsten, 2002). The challenges associated with
transitioning to higher education, such as task aversion and
uncertainty, often lead to procrastination due to a lack of
organizational skills. This results in difficulties organizing tasks
according to priorities, affecting the overall student experience
(Kelly, 2004).Numerous studies delve into the intricate relationship
between time management and students’ efficiency in organizing
tasks. The Time Management Disposition Inventory (TMDI),
developed by Huang and Zhan (2001), conceptualizes time
management as a personality trait with dimensions such as the
sense of time value, sense of time control, and sense of time
efficacy. These dimensions encompass various aspects, including
social-oriented and individual-oriented time values, goal-setting,
planning, and efficacy in time management behaviors. Other
models, such as Britton and Glynn’s (1989) and Macan’s (1994),
contribute to a multifaceted understanding of time management.
Britton and Glynn’s model emphasizes macro, intermediate, and
micro levels, representing choice and goal prioritizing, creating
tasks from goals, and planning and implementing, respectively.
Macan’s model adds perceived control of time as a mediator,
influencing other dimensions of time management behavior.
REVIEW OF
LITERATURE
Sleep quality, a complex phenomenon with various dimensions, is
crucial for overall well-being. Defined by the American Psychiatric
Association (2000), it encompasses factors like perceived sleep
quality, latency, duration, efficiency, disturbance, use of sleep
medication, and daytime dysfunction, evaluated through tools like
the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Good sleep quality is
characterized by feeling rested, energetic, and free from
disturbances in the morning (Lai, 2001). However, contemporary
studies reveal a high prevalence of sleep problems among
university students, reaching up to 80 percent in certain
populations ( 2005; 2001).Poor sleep quality is associated with
various physical and psychological health-related problems.
Physiologically, it can lead to daytime sleepiness, lower personal
health, increased fatigue, and a heightened risk of diseases such
as heart disease, inflammation, and diabetes (Jenkins, 2005;
Krenek, 2006; Miller, 2007). Psychologically, poor sleep quality is
linked to decreased cognitive function, higher levels of anxiety,
tension, irritability, confusion, negative moods, and depression,
as well as reduced psychological well-being and life satisfaction
(Lam, 2003; Pilcher, Günter, & Sadowsky, 1997).
REVIEW OF
LITERATURE
As students transition to university, their sleep patterns often
undergo changes. In secondary school, a regular schedule
contributes to a more stable sleep pattern. However, entering
university introduces shifts in both school and sleep schedules.
Despite having more autonomy, many college students struggle to
obtain sufficient and consistent sleep, indicative of poor time
management (Tsai & Li, 2004). Irregular sleep schedules have
been linked to poor sleep quality, emphasizing the importance of
effective time management (Cheung, 2003; Lam, 2003).The
relationship between time management and sleep quality involves
both direct and indirect connections. Adam, Snell, and Pendry
(2007) demonstrated that time management is associated with
inconsistent sleep schedules, indirectly influencing poor sleep
quality (Cheung, 2003). This indirect link was confirmed by a study
in Mainland China (Huang, 2007). The sixth hypothesis posits that
poor time management predicts poor sleep quality in the Hong
Kong university population. Recognizing that combined effects
often exert more significant influence than individual factors, this
study explores the joint impact of time management and
perceived stress on sleep quality. The seventh hypothesis
suggests that the combined effect better predicts sleep quality
compared to separate effects, as reflected in the effect size (R²) of
regression.
Methodology
AIM
To investigate the time management and sleep
quality among hostellers and day scholars
HYOPOTHESIS
There is no significant correlation between time
management and sleep quality among day
scholars and hostel residents.
Reporting
OBJECTIVES
1. To evaluate time management practices Synthesizing
among day-scholars and hostellers.
2. To assess sleep quality in day-scholars and
Analysing
hostellers.
3. To analyze the relationship between time
management and sleep quality in the two groups. Planning
VARIABLES
Dependent Independent
variable variable
Sleep quality Time
management
METHODOLOGY
• “How does the living arrangement (day-scholar or hosteler)
Research impact an individual’s time management?”
• ”What is the relationship between time management and sleep
quality among day-scholars and hostelers?”
questions • ”Do day-scholars exhibit different sleep quality patterns
compared to hostelers due to variations in time management?”
RESEARCH DESIGN SAMPLE POPULATION
Teenage – Adulthood (16-24)
Quantitative
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Simple random sampling Person’s correlation coefficient
DATA ANALYSIS
SAMPLE SIZE
200 SPSS
TOOL DESCRIPTION
TOOL • PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX (PSQI)
• STUDENT TIME MANAGEMENT SCALE (STMS)
USED
PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX (PSQI)
Author : Buysse, D. J.
Year : 1988
STUDENT TIME MANAGEMENT SCALE (STMS)
Author : M. Balamurugan
Year. : 2013
REFERENCE
Nasrallah, S., & Khan, M. S. (2015). “The Balamurugan. (2013). Structure
Impact of Time Management on the of Student Time Management
Students’ Academic Achievements.” The Scale (STMS). Assistant
Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Gomal Professor in Education, MASS
University. Published in January 2015. College of Education,
Kumbakonam, India.
Wong, W. Y. (2008). The Feather, N. T., & Bond, M. J.
Relationship between Time (1983). Time structure and
Management, Perceived Stress, purposeful activity among
Sleep Quality and Academic employed and unemployed
Performance among University university graduates. Journal
Students of Occupational Psychology,
56, 241-254.
Buysse, D. J., (1988). Landy, F. J., Rastegary, H.,
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Thayer, J., & Colvin, C. (1991).
(PSQI): A standardized Time urgency: The construct
measure for gathering and its measurement. Journal
consistent information about of Applied Psychology, 76, 644-
the subjective nature of sleep 657.
habits.
THANK YOU
