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139 views79 pages12TH Bio Practical - Merged
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/ 79
S864. EXPERIMEN
TS TO BE pr,
ae ’ PERFORME,
1. Study of osmosis thd
Bim: Te stady the process of osmosis using potato og, (Bates 7 a
osmoscope, A
Requirements = fresh Potato, poeter or sealpe,
beakers, pins, concentrated sugar solution, cals
tri dishes/ bowls/ trough/
shallow glass
ured water, ete
Principle =~
that the osmotic pressures are balanced.
Osmasis is of two types viz. endosmosis and exosmosis
Figur
——— = =
Petri dish bow! \ a
ae tous
“— Concentrated
‘Complete and label #his diagram as observed at the
(end of experiment
ig- Potato osmoscope experiment to demonstrate osmosis
Procedure:-
1
2
3.
Take o fresh potato tuber and peel off the skin with the help of scalpel.
Cut the potato from one side in such a way that it will make a flat base.
Scoop the peeled tuber properly so as to make a hollow block (well) in potato with thin
intact base bottom and care should be taken that it will not rupture at base.
Now add concentrated sugar solution in that cavity and mark its level by inserting a pin in
the cavity wall,
Place this potato osmoscope in a petri dish/ bow! or glass beaker, filled with coloured water,
+ Mark the initial level with pin. After some time mark the level of sugar solution in the potato
osmoscope,
Observations ;-
1 You can easily note that level of sugar solution inthe potato ostoscope, rises ater sometime
‘Solution in the cavity osmoscope also becomes coloured. r
% Itcan be inferred that coloured water from the ptr dish/ bow! has entered the cavity of the
Potato osmoscope, a. diffusion of solvent b. diffusion of solute
¢. diffusion of water diffusion of solute and solvent both
g cells, an osmosis specifically refers to the movement of _ diffusion 4,
ae
direction and rate of osmosis is controlled
ees i
+b. nature of solvent
c. pressure gradient and concentration gradient
‘d cell structure and composition of cytoplasm
3. The structure that contributes to the solute potential of a cellis_ Water
‘a. vacuolar sap b. cell sap
. water 4, solute particles
ic potential refers to_movemen} of
‘a. movement of water molecules from hypotonic solution to hypertonic solution
>. movement of water molecules from hypertonic solution to hypotonic solution
¢. pressure potential
4d. movement of water molecules from hypotonic to isotonic solution _ pay
ich of the following is not semipermeable?
a. Parchment paper b. Egg membrane
¢ Bladder membrane d. Cell wall
b acid is used to extract egg membrane? ficekic. aud
‘a. Acetic acid b. Dilute HCL
4. Dilute H,S0, Calls showing
shrinkage of pias :
protoplast" smolysing (hypertonic)
Complete part of diagram
‘as observed in the slide
Fig. Phenomenon of plasmolysis
Procedure :-
TL. Take a fresh Tradescantia leaf and peel off its lower coloured surface in such a way that
epidermal cells can be observed.
2 Take asmall piece of epidermal peel and place it in concentrated sugar solution (hypertonic
Solution) for few minutes. Mount it on slide and put a cover slip.
3. Observe the slide under microscope and focus over few cells.
% Take another small piece of peel from lower epidermis and place it in water (hypotonic
Solution) for few minutes. Mount it on a slide and put a cover slip.
5, Carefully observe this slide also under microscope
Observation :-
1. The slide prepared using hyp’
‘eytoplasm moves (recedes) away from the cell wall and becomes concent
the cell. This is known as plasmolysis.
The slide prepared using hypotonic solution or water shows that cell cytoplasm bulges or
_ swells ie. increases in size. This is due to endosmosis.
‘ertonic solution shows shrinkage of eytoplasm (protoplast)
trated to comer of anther lobe of
nag — wile observing under the
jus (Sunflower) oF Hibjy
sliantl
Bs a sucrose crystals (Tay
t= Flower of Catharanthus (periwinkl microscope,
,, comp
(shoe flower), cavity slide’ glass slide, cover ips, co"
s1iga), ete,
Principle =
Pollen grain after deposited over the st
‘and germinates to produce male ‘gametophyte i
{gametes and a larger vegetative or tube nucleus:
1+ and nutrients from the
mn-motile
ter
jgma absorbs wal
howing pollen tube with Wo 70)
Tube YY Frater tube
non motile
male
gametes
Tube Nucleus S
Generative
cell wit
Germ pore nucleus
‘Tube mucteus
Fig, Plten grain showing potten germination
- Procedure :- ne :
y es ee medium is to be prepared using 20grams of sucrose in 100 ml of water,
: @ few drops of this solution preferably on a cavity slide fe i
ee eek ity slide and dust a few pollen grain
3. Place cover slip carefully,
q 4. Observe the slide under compound microscope fi ;
el roscope after every five minutes continously for 30)
Observation ::
1. In the nutrient medium, the pollen wit
y il. gen
Serminate and pollen tube comes out throughg
2, Itis due to and
{5 due to ealanement of tube cell and stretching of the
. i Intine, pollen tube comes out mponent of the inner of pollen
A ve fo.mpose: o Li! its of soil.
campocent ®
and soil texture are given impor sos Saal
en ASOIK int (ian nies estions )
ih ackins bel MAS
1 eran oe saline soi are kro cate
* yhytes:
d. Mesophyt
. Epiphytes
Mey 7
2. Which of the following soil type has more water holding capacity
Sand . Loam soil
“ethyl 4, Both sondy and loam soils
. What is the percentage of sand in clay soil ?
a-Sual to silt b. equal to clay
‘e.more than silt d. both a and ¢
4. Which of the following branch deals with the study of soil ?
«@. Paloentology Ub-Pedology
¢. Phytology d. Cytology
- 18 considered as pioneer community in xerarch.
a. Planktons ib Alpes
\2Chustose lichen 4. Poliose lichens
Draw the diagram of layers of particulate matter
48 observed by you at the time of practieal
‘ond comment on the type of soil in the samples y
‘au have studied. collected from different
ter on the leaves ¢
is and Ik
=
snded particulate mal
icroscope, leaves of roadside plants
‘ear buds, mi
in i \d then
re busy road in a crowded market or in ah industrial area, and
Moth, one can observe a Large amount of poututants (dirt) cofle
cone leaf under the tap and,
e of leaves.
I. from the same location of the same plant. Wash
Jeave other leaPas it is (ie. unwashed). Put drop of glycerine on the surfacs
2. Spread glycerine with the help of a clean ear bud.
|. Smearthis car bud on a clean slide, observe under micro
44. Prepare separate slides for eoch sample.
‘5. This experiment can also be performed
“Observation :
“We can observe many air pollutants such as dust particle
scope.
by following method
.z, carbon particles, pollen grains,
spores ec.
Observation table :
p Seno. | Leaf sample Observation
moe, dust and paitwate mater
i.
Washed leaf axe qhsent on slide under mierobtope |
Smoke, dust pollen grain. pastealeke 4 Writes
ala
Beer roater cer observed on citde under mmm ea
sir Ba
and. J
Inference = a
Suspended... particles, +h sett
pee th. the...area...tth...heayy
hw
vehicular,
oolfic. *
This ee hae thal...tn..the...area...u ut
ct cep, Gee ane Areas tHe
dich... $n....smoke...dust.....ansl....o0% ee
mer
shen. . earmp ed... the ..dveas..0Tth.’ tebe brattse
Give the reasons for washing one leaf :
Tea fs......Crealing 4h
ae : e teal
Sigal ae
Gir. Fl i
Tiros PRE 35... 4lbration....device, thal
Finkel es... {the dust ag Smolee
trp: age ci pthents art slants ? nh. waler. jlenplets
palin... 20h: desta YS.
ints... Combine.
land faery ai
: Boe
( Muitiple Choice Questions
1. Carbon dioxide is called green-house gas because
4. used in green-house to increase plant growth
\2cfransparent to sunlight but traps heat
¢ transparent to sunlight but do not traps heat
4. used in photosynthesis
2. The scruber is used to remove gases like
a. carbon dioxide b-Stlphur dioxide
©. carbon monoxide 4. nitrogen dioxide
3. Which of the following size of particulate matter
Causes greater harm to human health 2
25 micrometer in diameter
b. more than 2.5 micrometer in diameter |
¢.4.5 micrometer in diameter 4. more than 4.5 micrometer in diameter. |
4. Which of the following device used for removin
A sFlectrostatic precipitator
©. CNG
i Particulate matter in thermal power planed
b. Scrubber
4. Catalytic converter
| Remark and Signature of Teac
ee
che! Pitre |
Fig. Some arthropods found in fresh water bodies
1 Amphipod 2. Mosquito larva'3. Isopods 4. Dytiscus larva 5. Adult Dyriscus 6. Water scorpion
1 First instar may fly nymph 8. Second instar may fly nymph 9, Nymph of dragon fly
‘Observation
Tap... woaier cloes nol shoo. any. oxgantsm hence., rh As
atide.. fox Es aauapsinns ond... Waker. eantatns Vamoua fupe
NIST... TKS... le ee «osetllbotoyta.....and..oedanims
a ty A this
zal oe {Aro
able fox consumotion while pand
not.
Tap dsater...is
sutable fen cersumphion UL:
ss ae gant ta A erg mea
tind efi ae pte Mh. £leae: ay
droping tp Shi
Pensa the agonal af ats
Sy a Bae iG Benen ri T idetion by. Mion:
ery gen. tmande by = -ioleg
is water pollution,” haar
iwaler-_ pall ie fap ate quel iy
ane Jroxit
vin oxgant
ori fff ae th cose of wc ao nents, excess. fextilicers...and
“ee, aes pegs Al sifve rauses...0F.....Loater
5. re are planktons? Is there any difference in the planktons occurring in fresh water and sea
The tern plantton.....15...4., collective pepe forall ouch
pone =. Indudin.
Cerfain.algae.,.bactev'a.. protozoans,
erustaceans..1..melluscs.....An.d. eas
(Multiple Choice Questions }
arthropods found in fresh water bodies.
aDaphnia b, Hermit crab,
¢. Amphipod 4. Patina
2. BOD of water means...
©. Biological oxygen demand + Biochemical oxygen demand
© Biologically observed diatoms d. Biologically observed Daphnia
3. Methylene blue stain is used to observe
. Plankton Bacteria
c. Algae d. Viruses
4 Experimental st up deviced by... i used to observe woter clarity
. Wingbarg b-Fyndatt
, Strassburger 4. Waldeyer
5. IfpH is less than... then water is acidic.
aS b.10.5 45
Remark and Signature of Teacher =e
Pans cae the qudrt a
a 4 tation of quadrat 4 Fig, Digrammatic representation
1, What do you mean by population?
4, How is th, sje foie calculated?
1
en s. iDhal, ; the role of detergent in
2 ‘wt os cat on fi
porte enlembaaet ce
a et a
a “Bound INA. f\ GENS
jed condition required during the hep te ee
haFchion..enzyme, desty
JMEA.....ANS.
4, Which of the function is not performed by DNA?
‘a. Synthesis of protein b, Transmission of hereditary character
Le Synthesis of carbohydrates 4. Replication
2, Purines of DNA / RNA are :
‘. Uracil and guanine b. Uracil and cytosine
\ Adenine and guanine 4. Cytosine and guanine
3.Mark the correct statement
@. Histones are acidic proteins
B. Histones stimulate genetic activity
(Ledlistones are basic proteins
‘4. Nucleosomes are formed in E.coli, during packaging
mash or
4, Which of the following nucleotide sequences has 4 pyrimidine bases?
Perkcer. Aa-CUAGACAA b. UAGCGGUAA
up. Add ¢. GATCAATGC d. GCAAGAUCAA
: 5. Anucleoside is
Be stir _ A pentose sugar ribose or deoxyribose + a nitrogen base
___ b-Anucleotide + phosphate
A pentose sugar + a phosphate
4d. A pentose sugar ribulose + a N, base
‘and Signature of Teacher ne re floral whorls? And why?
ce tere are.....Called.
a 2 ONE, ae
se
COM red, FEI het ae
le ca pet chats eh
1D | OUS..= onsi ey
carne ara ions eae
5. “ are the different parts (eee and carpel?
(So aartae “
Bee rami erecr oo
6. How does Brassica flower is di
Brasstca....flower..... has ne ir to
for pupation of the larvae, t
culture beds can be prepared by the above method for the different
.e culturing of Drosophila : ee
. The rap inthe calor bod oct the Drosophila. Cover the cltre bes wit bel
‘the Drosophila have reached the pulp. They complete thet life cycle within 48 hours,
+7, Capture the Drosophila and fix it into 70 % alcohol. aie.
process the Drosophila lies through 70%, 90% and 100% graded series of ethyl alcohol for
10 minutes each. 5
'9, Place Drosophila in Xylene for 5 min. and clear it properly.
10. Mount it on glass slide with DPX and observe under the microscope. ]
Observation and Result :
| Why TH. Morgan used prosophila melanogaster in his genetic expermmenty?
50d. rate A hfs....genehe pa eats Por
i Ars .
$c me 2 allatolng...neaso
a..chort.... [eke wide Sao genetis..feaths tan
enc anh Ne hohe SPON..
eeapidle and prod. many. ofthpninge '
etween male and female Drosophila’,
are the differences 9
dlesazpointe.d...abd omen. ..LAD..0 *sgike..on. dowsadl..
Pach abdem inal... SegmeMt.... CAMMLES,....0.2AEO,