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/ 32
UNIT V
IoT Platforms Design Methodology: Introduction, IoT Platform Design
Methodology, IoT Physical Devices & Endpoints, Raspberry Pi interfaces,
Programming Raspberry Pi with Python, Other loT Devices.IoT Physical Servers
& Cloud Offerings: Introduction to Cloud Storage Models & Communication
APIs, WAMP - AutoBahn for IoT, Xively Cloud for IoT, Python Web
Application Framework-Django, Amazon Web Services for oT.
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5.2.2 Step 2: Process Specitication
‘The second step in the oT design methodology is to define the process specification. In this
step, the use cases of the IoT system are formally described based on and derived from the
Purpose and requirement specifications, Figure 5.2 shows the process diagram for the home
automation system. The process diagram shows the two modes of the system - auto and
manual. In a process diagram, the circle denotes the start of a process, diamond denotes a
decision box and rectangle denotes a state or attribute. When the auto mode is chosen, the
system monitors the light level. If the light level is low, the system changes the state of the
ight to “on”. Whereas, if the light level is high, the system changes the state of the light to
the light state set by the user is “on”, the system changes the state of light to “on”. Whereas,
if the light state set by the user is “off”, the system changes the state of light o “off”.
awe
tw ow >. tee oh d
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Figure 5.2: Process specification for home automation IoT system
Bahga & Madisett, © 2015
“off”. When the manual mode is chosen, the system checks the light state set by the user. If ee
5.2.3. Step 3: Domain Model Specification
‘The third step in the IoT design methodology is to define the Domain Model. The domain
trndel describes the main concepts, entities and objects in the domain of ToT system to be
designed. Domain model defines the attributes of the objects and relationships between
” Domain model provides an abstract representation of the concepts, objects and
otites in the ToT domain, independent of any specific technology or platform. With the
domain model, the ToT system designers can get an understanding of the ToT domain for
Which the system is to be designed. Figure 5.3 shows the domain model for the home
‘aiomation system example, The entities, objects and concepts defined in the domain model
include:
‘* Physical Entity : Physical Entity isa discrete and identifiable entity inthe physical
environment (e.g. 00m, alight, an appliance, a car etc.). The IoT system provides
information about the Physical Entity (using sensors) or performs actuation upon the
Physical Entity (e.g. switching on light). In the home automation example, there are
‘wo Physical Entities involved - one is the room in the home (of which the lighting
conditions are to be monitored) and the other isthe light appliance to be controled.
‘© Virtual Entity : Viral Entity is a representation of the Physical Entity in the digital
world. For each Physical Entity, there is a Virtual Entity in the domain model. In the
hhome automation example, there is one Virtual Entity for the room to be monitored,
another for the appliance to be controlled.
'* Device : Device provides a medium for interactions between Physical Entities and
Virtual Entities. Devices are either attached to Physical Entities or placed near Physical
Eniities. Devices are used to gather information about Physical Entities (e.g. from
sensors), perform actuation upon Physical Entities (e.g. using actuators) or used to
identify Physical Entities (e.g.. using tags). In the home automation example, the
device is a single-board mini computer which has light sensor and actuator (relay
switeh) attached to it,
+ Resource : Resources are software components which can be either "on-device”
‘ “network-resources". On-device resources are hosted on the device and include
software components that either provide information on or enable actuation upon
the Physical Entity to which the device is attached. Network resources include the
software components that are available in network (such as a database). Inthe home
automation example, the on-device resource is the operating system that runs on the
single-board mini computer.
* Service : Services provide an interface for interacting with the Physical Entity.
Services access the resources hosted on the device or the network resources to obtain
information about the Physical Entity or perform actuation upon the Physical Entity.
Internet of Things - AHands-On Approach 5.2.4 Step 4: Information Model Specification
‘The fourth step in the IoT design methodology is to define the Information Model. Information
Model defines the structure of all the information in the loT system, for example, attributes
‘of Virtual Entities, relations, tc, Information model does not describe the specifics of how
the information is represented or stored. To define the information model, we firs list the
‘Virtual Entities defined in the Domain Model. Information model adds more details to the
‘Virtual Entities by defining thei atributes and relations. In the home automation example,
there are two Virtual Entities - a Virtual Entity for the light appliance (with attribute - light
state) and a Virtual Entity for the room (with attribute - light level). Figure 5.4 shows the
Information Model for the home automation system example,
Figure 54: Information model of the home automation 1oT system
5.2.8 Step 5: Service Specifications
‘The fifth step in the IoT design methodology is to define the service specifications. Service
specifications define the services in the [oT system, service types, service inputoutpat,
service endpoints, service schedules, service preconditions and service effects.
‘You leamed about the Process Specification and Information Model in the previous
sections. Figure 5.5 shows an example of deriving the services from the process specification
and information model for the home automation IoT system, From the process specification
and information mode!, we identify the states and attributes, For each state and attribute
wwe define a service. These services either change the state or attribute values or retrieve the
‘current values. For example, the Mode service sets mode to auto or manual or retrieves the
current mode. The State service sets the light appliance state to on/off or retrieves the current
light state. The Controller service monitors the light level in auto mode and switches the 5.2.6 Step 6: loT Level Specification
The sixth step in the IoT design methodology is to define the IoT level for the system. In
Chapter-1, we defined five IoT deployment levels. Figure 5.9 shows the deployment level of
the home automation IoT system, which is level-1.
5.2.7 Step 7: Functional View Specification
‘The seventh step in the oT design methodology is to define the Functional View. The
Functional View (FV) defines the functions of the IoT systems grouped into various
Functional Groups (FGs). Each Functional Group either provides functionalities for interacting
with instances of concepts defined in the Domain Model or provides information related to
these concepts.
‘The Functional Groups (FG) included in a Functional View include:
* Device : The device FG contains devices for monitoring and control. In the home
‘automation example, the device FG includes a single board mini-computer, a light
Internet of Things - A Hands-On Approach 5.2.8 Step 8: Operational View Specification
‘The eighth step in the IoT design methodology is to define the Operational View Specifications.
In this step, various options pertaining to the IoT system deployment and operation are
defined, such as, service hosting options, storage options, device options, application hosting
options, etc.
Figure 5.11 shows an example of mapping functional groups to operational view
specifications for home automation IoT system.
Operational View specifications for the home automation example are as follows:
# Devices: Computing device (Raspberry Pi), light dependent resistor (sensor), relay
switch (actuator).
© Communication APIs: REST APIs
© Communication Protocols: Link Layer - 802.11, Network Layer - IPv4/IPv6, Transport
- TCP, Application - HTTP.
© Services:
1. Controller Service - Hosted on device, implemented in Python and run as a
native service.
2. Mode service - REST-ful web service, hosted on device, implemented with
Internet of Things - A Hands-On Approach 5.2.9 Step 9: Device & Component Integration
The ninth step in the 1oT design methodology is the integration of the devices and components,
Figure 5.12 shows a schematic diagram of the home automation JoT system. The devices
and components used in this example are Raspberry Pi mini computer, LDR sensor and relay
switch actuator. A detailed description of Raspberry Pi board and how to interface sensors
and actuators with the board is provided in later chapters.
5.2.10 Step 10: Application Development
The final step in the 1oT design methodology is to develop the loT application. Figure 5.13
shows a screenshot of the home automation web application. The application has controls
for the mode (auto on or auto off) and the light (on ot off). In the auto mode, the {oT system
controls the light appliance automatically based on the lighting conditions in the room. When
auto mode is enabled the light control in the application is disabled and it reflects the current
state of the light, ‘When the auto mode is disabled, the light control is enabled and it is used
for manually controlling the light.
ASL lean ai Sold teas 7-loT Physical Devices & Endpoints
f
| This Chapter covers
¢ Basic building blocks of an IoT Device
¢ Exemplary Device: Raspberry Pi
* Raspberry Pi interfaces
¢ Programming Raspberry Pi with Python
¢ Other IoT devices 7.1 What is an loT Device
‘As described cartier, a"Thing” in Internet of Things (IoT) can be any object that has @ unique
identifier and which can send/receive data (including user data) over a network (e.g, smart
phone, smart TV, computer, refrigerator, car et, ), IoT devices are connected tothe Internet
‘and send information about themselves or about their surroundings (c.g. information sensed
by the connected sensors) over a network (to other devices or servers/storage) or allow
‘actuation upon the physical entitieseavironment around them remotely. Some examples of
IoT devices are listed below:
‘* A.home automation device that allows remotely monitoring the status of appliances
and controlling the appliances.
‘¢ An industrial machine which sends information about
‘monitoring data toa server.
‘A car which sends information about its location to a cloud-based service.
«© A wireless-enabled wearable device that measures data about a person such as the
number of steps walked and sends the data to a cloud-based service.
operation and health
7.1.4 Basic building blocks of an loT Device
‘An loT device can consist of a number of modules based on functional attributes, such as:
‘¢ Sensing: Sensors can be either on-board the 1oT device or attached tothe device. JoT
device can collect various types of information from the on-board of atached sensors
such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, etc. The sensed information can be
communicated either to other devices or cloud-based servers/storage.
‘© Actuation: IoT devices can have various types of actuators attached that allow taking
actions upon the physical entities inthe vicinity of the device. For example, a relay
switch connected to an loT device can tum an appliance on/off based on the commands
sent tothe device.
‘+ Communication: Communication modules are responsible for sending collected data
to other devices or cloud-based servers/storage and receiving data from other devices,
and commands from remote applications.
‘© Analysis & Processing: Analysis and processing modules are responsible for making
sense of the collected data.
‘The representative IoT device used for the examples in this book is the widely used
single-board mini computer called Raspberry Pi (explained in later sections), The use of
Raspberry Pi is intentional since these devices are widely accessible, inexpensive, and
available from multiple vendors. Furthermore, extensive information is available on their
‘programming and use both on the Intemet and in other textbooks. The principles we teach in
‘ahaa & Macisot © 2015 7.2 Exemplary Device: Raspberry Pi 179
this book are just as applicable to other (including proprietary) 1oT endpoints, in addition to
Raspberry Pi. Before we look at the specifics of Raspberry Pi, let us first look at the building
blocks of a generic single-board computer (SBC) based IoT device.
Figure 7.1 shows a generic block diagram of a single-board computer (SBC) based
oT device that includes CPU, GPU, RAM, storage and various types of interfaces and
peripherals.
Figure 7.1; Block diagram of an JoT Device 7.3 About the Board
Figure 7.2 shows the Raspberry Pi board with the various components/petipherals labeled.
* Processor & RAM : Raspberry Pi is based on an ARM processor. The latest version of
Raspberry Pi (Model B, Revision 2) comes with 700 MHz Low Power ARM1176IZ.F
Processor and 512 MB SDRAM.
* USB Ports: Raspberry Pi comes with two USB 2.0 ports. The USB ports on Raspberry
Pi can provide a current upto 100mA. For connecting devices that draw current more
than LO0mA, an external USB powered hub is required.
© Ethernet Ports : Raspberry Pi comes with a standard RJ45 Ethemet port. You can
‘connect an Ethernet cable or a USB Wifi adapter to provide Intemet connectivity.
* HDMI Output : The HDMI port on Raspberry Pi provides both video and audio
‘output, You can connect the Raspberry Pi to a monitor using an HDMI cable. For
‘monitors that have a DVI port but no HDMI port, you can use an HDMI to DVI
adapter/cable.
‘* Composite Video Output : Raspberry Pi comes with a composite video output with
an RCA jack that supports both PAL and NTSC video output. The RCA jack can be
used to connect old televisions that have an RCA input only.
+ Audio Output : Raspberry Pj has a 3.5mm audio output jack. This audio jack is used
for providing audio output to old televisions along with the RCA jack for video. The
audio quality from this jack is inferior to the HDMI output.
‘¢ GPIO Pins : Raspberry Pi comes with a number of general purpose inpuvoupat pins.
Figure 7.3 shows the Raspberry Pi GPIO headers. There are four types of pins on
Raspberry Pi - true GPIO pins, 12C interface pins, SPI interface pins and serial Rx and
‘Tx pins.
‘+ Display Serial Interface (DSI) : The DSI interface can be used to connect an LCD
panel to Raspberry Pi
‘* Camera Serial Interface (CSI): The CSI interface can be used to connect a camera
module to Raspberry Pi.
‘© Status LEDs : Raspberry Pi has five status LEDs. Table 7.1 lists Raspberry Pi status
LEDs and their functions.
‘* SD Card Slot : Raspberry Pi does not have a built in operating system and storage.
‘You can plug-in an SD card loaded with a Linux image to the SD card slot. Appendix-A
provides instructions on setting up New Out-of-the-Box Software (NOOBS) on
Raspberry Pi. You will requite atleast an 8GB SD card for seting up NOOBS.
‘¢ Power Input : Raspberry Pi has a micro-USB connector for power input. 7.4 Linux on Raspberry Pi 181
PaaioumonRespienyhiss oe
3.39 Power is present
Figure 7.2: Raspberry Pi board
7.4 Linux on Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi supports various flavors of Linux including:
Raspbian Raspbian Linux is a Debian Wheezy port optimized for Raspberry Pi. This
is the recommended Linux for Raspberry Pi. Appendix-1 provides instructions on
setting up Raspbian on Raspberry Pi.
Arch : Arch is an Arch Linux port for AMD devices,
‘¢ Pidora : Pidora Linux is a Fedora Linux optimized for Raspberry Pi.
* RaspBMC ; RaspBMC is an XBMC media-center distribution for Raspberry Pi.
# OpenELEC : OpenELBC is a fast and user-friendly XBMC media-center distribution.
* RISC OS : RISC OS is a very fast and compact operating system. 7.6 Programming Raspberry Pi with Python
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Now let us look at a more detailed example involving an LED and a switch that is used to
2ontrol the LED.
Figure 7.10 shows the schematic diagram of connecting an LED and switch to Raspberry
Pi. Box 7.3 shows a Python program for controlling an LED with a switch, In this example
the LED is connected to GPIO pin 18 and switch is connected to pin 25, In the infinite while
oop the value of pin 25 is checked and the state of LED is toggled if the switch is pressed.
This example shows how to get input from GPIO pins and process the input and take some
ction. The action in this example is toggling the state of an LED. Let us look at another
-xample, in which the action is an email alert. Box 7.4 shows a Python program for sending
in email on switch press. Note that the structure of this program is similar to the program in
30x 7.3. This program uses the Python SMTP library for sending an email when the switch
onnected to Raspberry Pi is pressed. 7.7 Other loT Devices
Letus look at single-board mini-computers which are alternatives to Raspberry Pi. Table 73
provides a comparison of some single-board mini-computers that can be used for IoT:
Figure 7.12: pcDuino
Figure 7.13: Beaglebone Black
7.7.4 peDuino
peDuino [105] is an Arduino-pin compatible single board mini-computer that comes with
1 GHz. ARM Cortex-A8 processor. pcDuino is a high performance and cost effective devic 7.7.2 BeagleBone Black
‘BeagleBone Black{ 106) i similar to Raspberry Pi, but a more powerful device. It comes
with a | GHz ARM Cortex-A8 processor and supports both Linux and Android operating
systems. Like Raspberry Pi, it has HDMI video/audio interface, USB and Ethernet por,
7.7.3 Cubleboard
Cubieboard [107] is powered by a dual core ARM Cortex A7 processor and has a range
‘of inpuvoutput interfaces including USB, HDMI, IR, serial, Ethemet, SATA, and 96 pin
‘extended interface. Cubieboard also provides SATA support. The board can run both Linux
and Android operating systems.
‘Banga & Macieeti, © 2015,
7.7 Other loT Devices
‘Summary
{Inthis chapter you learned about Raspberry Pi which is a low-cost mini-computer. Raspberry
i supports various flavors of Linux operating system. The official recommended operating
system is Raspbian Linux. Raspberry Pi has an ARM processor, $12MB RAM, two USB
‘ports, HDMI, RCA and audio outputs, Ethernet port, SD card slot and DSI and CS interfaces.
‘Raspberry Pi has serial, SPI and I2C interfaces for data transfer. Raspberry Pi supports
‘Python. You learned how to develop Python programs that run on Raspberry Pi. You learned
‘how to interface LED, switch and LDR with Raspberry Pi.
Review Questions
1. How is Raspberry Pi different from a desktop computer?
2. What isthe use of GPIO pins?
3. What isthe use of SPI and I2C interfaces on Raspberry Pi? 8.1. Introduction to Cloud Storage Models & Communication APIs
Cloud computing is a transformative computing paradigm that involves delivering applications
and services over the Internet. NIST defines cloud computing as (77) - Cloud computing is
‘4 model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool
of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction, The interested reader may want to refer to the companion book
‘on Cloud Computing by your authors.
In this chapter you will learn how to use cloud computing for Intemet of Things
(loT), You will learn about the Web Application Messaging Protocol (WAMP), Xively's
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) which provides tools and services for developing IoT solutions,
‘You will also lear about the Amazon Web Services (AWS) and their applications for oT.
8.2 WAMP - AutoBahn for loT
‘Web Application Messaging Protocol (WAMP) is a sub-protocol of Websocket which
provides publish-subscribe and remote procedure call (RPC) messaging patterns. WAMP
‘enables distributed application architectures where the application components are distributed
‘on multiple nodes and communicate with messaging patterns provided by WAMP.
Let us look at the key concepts of WAMP:
# Transport: Transport is channel that connects two peers. The default transport for
WAMP is WebSocket. WAMP can run over other transports as well which support
rmessage-based reliable bi-directional communication.
‘* Session: Session is a conversation between two peers that runs over a transport.
‘© Client: Clients are peers that can have one or more roles. In publish-subscribe model
client can have following roles:
= Publisher: Publisher publishes events (including payload) to the topic maintained
by the Broker.
= Subscriber: Subscriber subscribes tothe topics and receives the events including
the payload.
In RPC model client can have following roles:
= Caller: Caller issues calls to the remote procedures along with call arguments.
= Callee: Callee executes the procedures to which the calls are issued by the caller
‘and returns the results back to the caller.
‘© Router: Routers are peers that perform generic call and event routing. In publish-subscribe
‘model Router has the role of a Broker:
= Broker: Broker acts as a router and routes messages published to a topic to all subscribers subscribed to the topic.
In RPC model Router has the role of a Broker:
~~ Dealer: Dealer acts a router and routes RPC calls from the Caller tothe Callee
and routes results from Callee to Caller.
+ Application Code: Application code runs on the Clients (Publisher, Subscriber,
Callee of Caller).
Figure 8.1 shows a WAMP Session between Client and Router, established over a Transport.
Figure 8.2 shows the WAMP protocol interactions between peers. In this figure the WAMP
transport used is WebSocket. Recall the WebSocket protocol diagram explained in Chapter-1.
WAMP sessions are established over WebSocket transport within the lifetime of WebSocket
transport,
[ieee nla ee art ee meee ipa deg
Figure 8.1: WAMP Session between Client and Router
For the examples in this hands-on book we use the AutoBahn framework which provides
‘open-source implementations of the WebSocket and WAMP protocols [100].
Figure 8.3 shows the communication between various components of a typical
WAMP-AutoBahn deployment. The Client (in Publisher role) runs a WAMP.
‘component that publishes messages to the Router. The Router (in Broker role) runs on the
‘Server and routes the messages to the Subscribers. The Router (in Broker role) decouples
the Publisher from the Subscribers. The communication between Publisher - Broker and
Broker - Subscribers happens over a WAMP-WebSocket session.
Let us look at an example of a WAMP publisher and subscriber implemented using
AutoBahn, Box 8.1 shows the commands for installing AutoBahn-Python, _loT Physical Servers & Cloud Offerings
es
Figure 8.3; Publish-subscribe messaging using WAMP-AutoBahn ‘nile you can setup the server ane chet pocests on lol mache for ying ou te
‘bls subcribe example, production emtroument, these component anon spare
‘achins. The server process (be brains othe "Thing Tank) is set ona clo asd
Instance while te cin processes can rant cal ostsevices oi th eld.
83. Xively Cloud for 1oT
ively i « commercial Plfoem-as--Service that can be wed fr creating soaions
for Internet of Things. With Xivelyclowd, 1oT developers can foevs onthe fond
8.3 Xvely Cloud for oT
Infrastrocte and devices for 1 (tat ene the dat) while
ae be hacked data coleion infrastructure and devices for JoT (that generate the data), while the backend data collection
infrastructure is managed by Xively,
Figure 8.4: Screenshot of Xively dashboard - creating a new device
ively platform comprises of a message bus for real-time message ‘management and
Teens: data services for time series archiving, directory services that provides ssearhabie
directory of objects and business services for device Provisioning and
‘management.
Provides an extensive support for various languages and platforms, The Xively libraries
‘nternet of Things - A Hands-On Approach 84 Python Web Application Framework - Django
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‘Packages and best pacts tat allows developmen of web epplcaton and ynaeas regular-expression-based URL dispatcher.
8.4.1 Django Architecture
Django is a Model-Template- View (MTV) framework wherein the roles of model,
and view, respectively, are:
Model
‘The model acts as a definition of some stored data and handles the interactions with
database. na web application, the data can be stored ina relational database,
database, an XML fie, etc. A Django mode! is a Python class that outlines the variables
methods for a particular type of data.
Template
Ina typical Django web application, the template is simply an HTML page with a few
placeholders. Django’s template language can be used to create various forms of text
(XML, email, CSS, Javascript, CSY, ete.)
View
‘The view tes the model to the template. The view is where you write the code that
generates the web pages. View determines what data is to be displayed, retrieves the
from the database and passes the data tothe template,
8.4.2 Starting Development with Django
Appendix C provides the instructions for setting up Django. In this section you will
how to start developing web applications with Django.
Creating a Django Project and App.
Box 8.5 provides the commands for creating a Django project and an application
Project.
‘When you create a new django project a numberof files are created as described!
‘© —init_py: This file tells Python that this folder is a Python package
‘* manage.py: This file contains an array of functions for managing the sie.
‘ settings.py: This file contains the website's settings a
‘* urls.py: This file contains the URL patterns that map URL to ages, .,
‘A Django project can have multiple applications (“apps”). Apps are where you
‘code that makes your website function. Each project can have multiple apps and,
‘can be part of multiple projects, 8.6 Amazon Web Services for loT
In this section you will learn how to use Amazon Web Services for IoT.
86.1 Amazon EC2
Amazon EC2 is an Infrastructure-as-a-Service (laaS) provided by Amazon. EC2 delivers
‘scalable, pay-as-you-go compute capacity in the cloud. EC2 is a web service that provides
‘computing capacity in the form of virtual machines that are launched in Amazon's cloud
‘computing environment. EC2 can be used for several purposes for IoT systems. For example,
‘oT developers can deploy oT applications (developed in frameworks such as Django) on
1EC2, setup IoT platforms with REST web services, etc.
Let us look at some examples of using EC2. Box 8.23 shows the Python code for
Jaunching an EC2 instance. In this example, a connection to EC2 service is frst established
by calling boto.ec2.connect 10 region. The EC2 region, AWS access key and AWS secret
key are passed to this function. After connecting to EC2 , a new instance is launched
using the conn.run_instances function. The AMI-ID, instance type, EC2 key handle and
‘security group are passed ( this function, This function returns a reservation. The instances
associated with the reservation are obtained using reservation. instances. Finally the status
‘of an instance associated with a reservation is obtained using the function.
In the example shown in Box 8.23, the program waits till the status ofthe newly launched
instance becomes running and then prints the instance details such as public DNS, instance
IP, and launch time.
Internet of Things - A Hands-On Approach (6.2 Amazon AutoScaling
‘Amazon AutScaing allows moma sealing Aaron EC2 cpa o own
‘coring tower defied cotons Therefore, with AuoScaling wesc ae
tbe mame of EC? istics runing tir plications eames ing skein
sn oe cae
‘Sciy hn he workon low to ve con Astin can bed fr 882 Amazon AutoScaling
‘Amazon AwtoScaling allows automatically scaling Amazon EC? capacity up or down
‘croring wo se died condoms. Tecfore, with AuoScaling tars cn nese
the mmber of EC? instances runing thei applications scamlesly during spikes i the
application workloads wo meet the application performance requirements and sale down
Capacity when the workload is low to save costs. AvtoScaling canbe used for to scaling
{oT aplication and I platforms deployed on Amazon EC2.
Lets now lok at some examples of using AutoScalng. Box 825 shows the Python
code for creating an AaScalng group. In this ctample, «connection to AutoScaling
service ist established by calling boto.ec2.autoscale connect 4region fnction.
‘The BC2 region, AWS accesskey and AWS secret key are psd to this function.
Imernet of Things - A Hands-On Approach
ae {oT Physical Servers & Cloud Oterings
‘After connecting to AutoScaling service, a new launch configuration is created by calling