MANUAL OF CONTRACT DOCUMENTS FOR HIGHWAY WORKS Lyx THE HIGHWAYS AGENCY > THE SCOTTISH OFFICE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT THE WELSH OFFICE @ Y SWYDDFA GYMREIG eS THE DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT FOR NORTHERN IRELAND Ground Investigation Part 4: Specification | ‘Summary: ‘Specification for ground investigation© Crown copyright 1997. Published with the permission of the Highways Agency on behalf of the controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to The Copyright Unit, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, St Clements House, Norwich, NR3 1BQ. ISBN 0 11 551963 7 Standing Order Service ‘Are you making full use of The Stationery Office's Standing Order Service? ‘The Standing Order Service is a free monitoring of the publications of your choice from over 4,000 classifications in 30 major subject areas. 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You can contact us at: ‘The Stationery Office Standing Order Department PO Box 276 London SW8 SDT Tel 0171 873 8466; fax 0171 873 8222 We look forward to hearing from you. ‘ine i te Ue King e The Sate OeMANUAL OF CONTRACT DOCUMENTS FOR HIGHWAY WORKS VOLUMES CONTRACT DOCUMENTS FOR SPECIALIST ACTIVITIES SECTION3 GROUNDINV! PART4 SPECIFICATION SUMMARY Specification for ground investigation INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE This is a new document to be inserted into the manual 1. Insert this Specification into Volume 5, Scetion 3 2. Archive this sheet as appropriate. Note: A quarterly index with a full set of Volume Contents Pages is available separately from the Stationery Office Ltd August 1997Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification Registration of Amendments REGISTRATION OF AMENDMENTS Amend | PageNo | — Signature & Date of Amend | PageNo | Signature & Date of No incorporation of No incorporation of amendments amendments August 1997Registration of Amendments REGISTRATION OF AMENDMENTS. Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification Amend No Page No Signature & Date of incorporation of amendments Amend No Page No Signature & Date of incorporation of amendments ‘August 1997DESIGN MANUAL FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES VOLUMES CONTRACTDOCUMENTS SECTION3 GROUNDINVESTIGATIO! FOR SPECIALIST ACTIVITIES PART4 SPECIFICATION Contents Chapter 1 Information Definitions General requirements 4. Boreholes 5. Rotary drilling 6. Pits and trenches 7. Sampling 8. Insitu testing 9, Instrumentation and monitoring 10. Daily reports AL. Laboratory testing 12. Reporting 13. Enquiries Appendix 1 Standpipe and piezometer details Appendix 2 Gas monitoring standpipes details Appendix 3 Pressuremeter testing Appendix 4 Contamination testing methods Appendix 5 “Tests for UKAS accreditation Appendix 6 Tests by proficiency tested laboratories ‘August 1997Appendix 7 ‘Schedule 1 Schedule 2 Schedule 3 Schedule 4 Schedule 5 References and Bibliography Information Exploratory holes Engineer's facilities Amended Specification clauses Additional Specification clausesVolume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 1. INFORMATION 1.1 General Information and requirements specific to the particular ‘ground investigation Contract are given in the following ‘Schedules which form part of the Specification, 1.2 Schedules The following information is provided in Schedule 1. 1.2.1 Schedule 1.1 - The scope and object of the Chapter 1 Information Schedule 1.13 - Particular in situ testing requirements (Section 8) Schedule 1.14 - Particular instrumentation and monitoring requirements (Section 9), Schedule 1.15 - Particular laboratory testing requirements (Section 11). Contract. Schedule 1.2 - A description of the route or development Schedule 1.3 - A list of Drawings referred to in the tender. The Drawings are of a confidential nature and the details contained in these Drawings shall not be divulged to anyone outside the Contractor's organisation or to those not directly concerned with the tender itself. Schedule 1.4 - A general description of the Site Operations including Ancillary works, Schedule 1.5 - The geological formations likely to be encountered. Schedule 1.6 - The list of affected landowners, tenants and occupiers together with appropriate Jandplans. Schedule 1,7 - Form of Monthly Statement if required (Conditions of Contract clause 60). Schedule 1.8 - Particular general requirements (Section 3). Schedule 1.9 - Particular borehole requirements, (Section 4). Schedule 1.10 - Particular rotary drilling requirements (Section 5). Schedule 1.11 - Particular pit and trench requirements (Section 6). Schedule 1.12 - Particular sampling requirements (Section 7) Schedule 1.16 - Particular reporting requirements (Sections 10 and 12). Schedule 1.17 - Particular requirements relating to potentially contaminated land. 1.2.2 The following information is provided in Schedule 2: A list of exploratory holes including details of location, depth, minimum diameter, et. 1.2.3. The following information is provided in Schedule 3: The requirements for the Engineer's office, office equipment, transport, protective clothing and survey equipment, 1.2.4. The following information is provided in Schedule 4; Amendments to clauses of the Specification. 1.2.5. The following information is provided in Schedule 5: Additional clauses to the Specification, ‘August 1997 wwVolume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 2. DEFINITIONS 2.1 General These definitions refer to the Specification, Drawings, Schedules, Conditions of Contract and Bill of Quantities of this Ground Investigation Contract only 2.2. Geotech: personnel al and environmental Geotechnical and environmental personne! shall be competent to undertake the work required. Categories of personnel who may be required by the Contract are as follows, (a) Technician (b) Incorporated Engineer. (©) Graduate Engincer/Geologist/Environmental Scientist (4) Graduate Engineer/Geologist/Environmental Scientist with at least 3 years of relevant experience since graduation. (c) Chartered Engineer/Geologist/Environmental Scientist with at least 5 years of relevant experience. (© Principal Chartered Engineer/Geologist! Environmental Scientist with at least 10 years of relevant experience Recognised qualifications and experience from states of the European Economic area which are equivalent to one of the above categories will be satisfactory. 2.3. Topsoil The word ‘topsoil’ shall mean the top layer of material, that contains humus and can also support vegetation 24° Soil ‘The word ‘soil’ shall include any natural or artificial ‘material not classified herein as topsoil, hard material or hard stratum. 2.5 Hard stratum and obstruction 2.5.1 The words ‘hard material’, ‘hard stratum’ and Chapter 2 Definitions ‘obstruction’ shall mean natural or artificial material, including rock, which cannot be penetrated except by the use of chiselling techniques, rotary drilling, blasting or powered breaking tools. 2.5.2 The terms ‘hard stratum’ and ‘obstruction’ shall apply whilst boring where it is demonstrated by the Contractor that condition (1) and either condition (2) or condition (3) below are fulfilled provided that the boring rig is in good working order and is fully manned, 2.5.3. Condition (1) - cable percussion boring cannot proceed at a rate greater than 0.Smvhour through the hard stratum/obstruction being penetrated. 2.5.4 Condition (2) - 100 mm diameter undisturbed sample tubes cannot be driven more than 300 mm. 2.5.5. Condition (3) - A Standard penetration resistance test shows a resistance in exeess of 35 blows/75mm. 2.8.6 The term ‘hard material” shall apply only to excavation of pits and trenches and shall mean one of the following: (a) natural or artificial material, including rock, in masses in excess of 0.20 cubic metres, which cannot be penetrated except by the use of chiselling techniques or powered breaking tools (b) existing pavements, footways, paved areas (but excluding unbound materials) and foundations in ‘masses in excess of 0.20 cubic metres. 2.6 Fill The word ‘fill’ shall mean any deposits or construction which have been formed by persons, as distinct from geological agencies, 2.7. Exploratory hole ‘The words ‘exploratory hole” shall mean any hole or in situ test hole formed for the purpose of ground investigation. 2.8 Boring ‘The term “boring” shall include percussion boring and auger boring. August 1997 2/1Chapter 2 Definitions 2.9 Drilling ‘The term ‘drilling’ shall include rotary drilling techniques. 2.10 Borehole The term “borehole” shall mean an exploratory hole put down by boring or drilling techniques, 2.11 Inspection pit The term ‘inspection pit’ shall refer to a hand excavated hole for the purpose of investigating the possible presence of underground services at the location of an exploratory hole. 2.12 Trial pits and trenches The terms ‘trial pit’ and ‘trial trench” shall refer to exploratory holes for which personnel entry is not required. 2.13 Observation pits and trenches ‘The terms ‘observation pit’ and ‘observation trench” shall refer to exploratory holes requiring geotechnical or environmental personnel entry. 2.14 Potentially contaminated land ‘The term ‘potentially contaminated land’ shall mean that, land designated as such on the Drawings. This land may contain substances which could give rise to hazards likely to affect human health, the natural environment or the proposed highway. 2.15 Contamination ground investigation ‘The term ‘contamination ground investigation’ shall ‘mean those parts of the Investigation that are undertaken on potentially contaminated land to obtain ‘information on the contamination of the ground. 2.16 Hygiene facility The term ‘hygiene facility’ shall mean designated. washing and other specific facilities (as described in Schedule 1.8) 2.17 Sampling Well The term ‘sampling well’ shall mean groundwater sampling standpipes and combined gas and groundwater sampling standpipes from which groundwater samples are taken for the contamination ground investigation, Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 22 August 1997Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 3. GENERAL REQUIREM 3.1 Mutual Recognition Work, goods and materials shall comply with the standards specified in the Contract. Except where the specified standard implements or is technically equivalent to a Harmonised European Standard or to a European Standard adopted for use after 31 December 1985, any requirement for goods or ‘materials to comply with the specified standard shall be satisfied by compliance with: (i) a relevant standard or code of practice of a national standards body or equivalent body of any state of the European Economic Area, or (i) a relevant international standard recognised for use in any state of the European Economic Area, or (ii) a technical regulation of any state of the European Economic Area, or (iv) traditional procedures of manufacture of any state of the European Economic Area where these are the subject of a written technical description sufficiently detailed to permit assessment of the goods for the use specified, or (¥) a European Technical Approval (ETA) issued in accordance with the Construction Products Directive 89/106/EEC (or, until procedures are available for the issue of ETAs, a specification sufficiently detailed to permit assessment) for goods or materials of an innovative nature or subject to innovative processes of manufacture and which fulfil the purpose provided for by the specified standard, provided that the proposed standard, code of practice, regulation, specification, technical description or European Technical Approval provides, in use, levels of safety, suitability and fitness for purpose equivalent to those required by the specified standard in so far as, they are not inconsistent with the “Essential Requirements’ of the Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC). This clause applies also to investigations only in so far as the means of carrying out such investigations are indivisibly associated with the goods Chapter 3 General Requirements NTS ‘or materials for which an alternative standard, code of practice, technical specification or technical description is proposed. ‘The requirement for any goods or materials to be manufactured or supplied subject to a quality management scheme or product certification scheme respectively shall be satisfied by compliance with an equivalent quality management scheme ot product certification scheme of any state of the European Economic Area, provided that the proposed scheme is designed to ensure in use levels of safety, suitability and fitness for purpose equivalent to those provided for by the scheme specified. This paragraph applies also to investigations only in so far as the means of carrying out such investigations are indivisibly associated with the ‘g00ds or materials for which an alternative quality management scheme or product certification scheme is proposed. ‘The requirement for types of goods or materials to have a British Board of Agrement Roads and Bridges Certificate shall be satisfied by goods or materials having an equivalent Agrement certificate issued in any state of the European Economic Area, provided that the ‘goods or materials covered by such certificate offer in use levels of safety, suitability and fitness for purpose equivalent to those incorporated in the British Board of Agrement Roads and Bridges Certificate. This paragraph applies also to investigations only in so far as the means of carrying out such investigations are indivisibly associated with the goods or materials for which an alternative Agrement certificate is proposed. ‘Where there is a requirement for work, goods or ‘materials to have Departmental type approval/ registration this will be granted by the Overseeing, Department where the work, goods or materials have an equivalent approval/registration of the national highway authority of any state of the European Economic Area, provided that such approval/registration offers in use levels of safety, suitability and fitness for purpose equivalent to those incorporated in the Departmental type approval/registration. ‘Where required tests and associated sampling shall be ‘undertaken only by laboratories accredited in accordance with BS7502 by the United Kingdom Accreditation Services (UKAS) laboratory accredited for such tests and sampling. August 1997 3MChapter 3 General Requirements Where testing is carried out in another state of the European Economic Arca such tests shall be undertaken by an appropriate organisation offering suitable and satisfactory evidence of technical and professional competence and independence. 3.2 Work not required Any clauses of this Specification which relate to work or materials not required in the Contract, shall be deemed not to apply. 3.3. Statutory undertakers, public authorities and privately owned services The positions of mains, services, drains, sewers, tunnels and pipelines owned by statutory undertakers and public authorities, where shown on the Drawings have been based on information extracted from the records of the various organisations and shall be regarded as approximate only. Services to individual properties are likely to exist but are not shown on the Drawings. The Contractor shall make his own enquiries of the statutory ‘undertakers and public authorities and satisfy himself as to the exact position of such apparatus and the depth, size and gradient thereof. The Contractor shall also ‘make enquiries as to the presence and location of any privately owned tunnels, services or land drains and satisfy himself as to their exact location. Where the presence of underground services is suspected, exploratory holes shall be started by means of a hand- excavated inspection pit. 3.4 Notice of entry and access routes 3.4.1 Before making entry on to the Site with any equipment the Contractor shall give the Engineer at least 14 days' written notice or in the case of Statutory Undertakers” land at least 28 days' written notice of his, intended date of entry together with the names of leaders of the survey parties concerned, the number of persons in the party and details of any equipment which may be taken on the Site. The Contractor shall also give 48 hours’ notice of his intended date of entry to the ‘owners and occupiers both at the site of each exploratory hole and on the access routes thereto and shall submit to the Engineer a copy of this notice ‘Access routes to and between exploratory holes and which walls, gates, fences hedges etc will need to be removed or displaced by the Contractor, are shown on the Drawings. Only the agreed access routes shall be used Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 3.4.2 Taking down and re-erection of motorway safety fences for the purposes of access, shall only be carried out by the Agent for the Highway Authority. The Contractor shall give the Engineer 14 days’ written notice of locations where safety fences are to be taken down. 3.5 Re-entry for further Site Operations Should the Contractor require to re-enter any part of the Site to carry out further Site Operations he shall, unless he is able to make the entry arrangements himself, again, ive notice to the Engineer as specified in clause 3.4 above. 3.6 Care in executing the Site Operations ‘The Contractor shall carry out all Site Operations with the least possible damage or disturbance, Particular care should be taken to avoid unnecessary damage to standing crops on farmland. On potentially contaminated land the Contractor shall ensure that the formation and backfilling of exploratory holes, and the handling and storing of arisings, including any groundwater arisings, does not cause or spread contamination 3.7 Security of Site All walls, fences, hedges, etc breached or otherwise disturbed during the progress of the Site Operations shall be immediately repaired by the Contractor with stockproof barriers irrespective of whether stock is ‘occupying the land or not; and in the case of gates, an equivalent replacement shall be used. 3.8 Worl 3.8.1 General ‘The Contractor shall confine his Site Operations to the ‘minimum area of ground required. On completion of each exploratory hole the site and access routes thereto shall be left ina clean and workmanlike condition. The Contractor shall remove any excess spoil and shall make good damage, whether in the vicinity of a hole or con the access route thereto, to the satisfaction of the Engineer. He shall be responsible for damage to crops, stock or property duc to his failure to carry out such restoration. Paving slabs and blocks shall be removed at the site of each exploratory hole and stored separately for reuse. Paving slabs and blocks which are liable to be damaged by the operations shall either be removed and stored as above or otherwise protected from damage. Other paved areas shall be broken out to the minimum 32 ‘August 1997Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification extent necessary for each exploratory hole. Reinstatement shall be as described in clause 3.9. 3.8.2 Working on potentially contaminated land 3.8.2.1 The Contractor shall take the necessary precautions to control and secure the Site Operations on potentially contaminated land. Access to and egress from such land shall be via a single designated point where a hygiene facility for personnel and a wheel wash facility for equipment may be required as defined in Schedule 1.8. The main site office and messing facilities shall be located outside the potentially contaminated land, 3.8.2.2. Arisings from exploratory holes shall be placed on heavy gauge polyethylene sheeting and covered in wet or windy weather so as to prevent the spread of contamination, or placed in covered skips. 3.8.2.3 At the end of the working day any exploratory hole not backfilled shall be securely covered and fenced so as to prevent human or animal access. 3.8.2.4 The Contractor shall dispose of all surplus excavated material in accordance with current waste disposal legislation. 3.9 Backfilling and reinstatement of exploratory holes 3.9.1 Backfilling 3.9.1.1 Exploratory holes shall be backfilled as soon as practicable after the hole is completed, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall backfill and compact all exploratory holes in such manner and using such materials that no subsequent depression is formed at the ground surface duc to settlement of the backfill. Where required by the Engineer, the Contractor shall return during the Period of Maintenance to fill any subsequent depression or to remove any surplus soil which has failed to settle sufficiently, without reducing the original depth of topsoil at the ground surface. Exploratory holes which are required for subsequent Ancillary Work shall be backfilled in the appropriate ‘manner, 3.9.1.2 Where concrete infilling to exploratory holes is specified in Schedule 2 it shall be in accordance with clause 2602 of the Specification for Highway Works (1991 with August 1993 and August 1994 amendments) unless otherwise described in the Contract. Where ‘August 1997 Chapter 3 General Requirements ‘cement/bentonite grout backfill is required it shall consist of equal portions by weight of Ordinary Portland cement and bentonite mixed by machine or hand to a uniform colour and consistency before placing, with a moisture content not greater than 250%, The grout shall be introduced at the bottom of the hole by means of a tremie pipe, which shall be raised but kept below the ‘grout surface as the filling proceeds. 3.9.13 Where directed by the Engineer, in addition to the requirements of clauses 3.9.1.1 and 3.9.1.2, a precast concrete slab, having minimum dimensions of 600 mm square and 50 mm thick shall be provided and placed centrally over the exploratory hole and the top of the slab shall be at least 500 mm below ground level. ‘The remaining depression shall be backfilled and the surface made good with topsoil or turf, as described in clause 3.9.3, of the surface made good as described in the Contract. 3.9.14 Highway reinstatement shall be in accordance with the New Roads and Streetworks Act 1991 and the Specification for the Reinstatement of Openings in 3.9.2 Particular requirements on potentially contaminated land Unless specified otherwise, backfill to pits and trenches on potentially contaminated land shall comprise of the solid arisings being replaced at the same depth and location from which they originated. Any deficit in material at a particular level shall be made up with inert ‘material having a coefficient of permeability of less than 10 Sim/see as placed. Backfill to other exploratory holes on potentially contaminated land shall comprise cement/ bentonite grout as specified in clause 3.9.1.2. 3.9.3 Turf and topsoil ‘Turf and topsoil shall be stripped at the site of each exploratory hole and stockpiled separately for reuse. Turf.and topsoil adjacent to the exploratory hole which may be damaged by the operations shall either be removed and stockpiled as above, or otherwise protected from damage. After completion of the holes the topsoil shall be spread evenly over the area to its original thickness or to the thickness required in the Contract. It shall be reduced to a fine tilth free from stones and other debris with any dimension greater than two thirds the thickness of the topsoil layer. When turf is relaid, it shall be laid so as to match the original profile of the ground and shall be well bonded and lightly tamped. Where new turfing is required the turves shall comply with BS 3969 3/3Chapter 3 General Requirements Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 3.10 Compensation for unavoidable damage Any claims for compensation by owners or occupiers for damage to crops, ground surface, hedges or fences which are considered by the Contractor to be unavoidable under Clause 22 of the Conditions of Contract shall be referred to the Engineer for decision 3.11 Engineer's facilities 3.11.1 The Contractor shall supply and maintain, accommodation, furnishings, services, and equipment for the sole use of the Engineer all in accordance with Schedule 3. All accommodation, furnishings, services, office and survey equipment and vehicles shall be ready for occupation and use by the Engineer on the Date for Commencement of the Site Operations, and shall be removed at the end of the Site Operations unless otherwise directed by the Engincer. 3.11.2. The Contractor shall provide plain coloured transport as described in Schedule 3, for the exclusive use of the Engineer for any purpose in connection with the Site Operations. The vehicles shall be delivered and ‘maintained in good roadworthy condition. They shall be licensed and insured for use on the public highway and shall have comprehensive insurance cover for any ‘qualified driver authorised by the Engineer together with any authorised passengers and the carriage of goods or samples. The Contractor shall provide fuel, oil, and ‘maintenance in conformity with the vehicle ‘manufacturer's recommendation and shall clean the vehicles inside and outside as required. A suitable replacement shall be provided for any vehicle out of service for more than 24 hours. 3.12 Profes: nal attendance on Site 3.12.1 ‘The Contractor shall provide professional attendance of experience as described in Schedule 1.8 full time on site, The professional attendant shall be approved in writing by the Engineer which approval may be withdrawn at any time, and shall be responsible for the technical direction and output of the Site Operations. 3.12.2. Inaddition to the requirements of the Conditions of Contract, and of clauses 3.12.1, 4.4.2, 5.3.6, 5.4.2, 6.5 and 7.14 of this Specification, the Engineer may require the services of geotechnical and environmental personnel for advice, assistance and/or the preparation of interpretative reports as defined in Schedule 1.8. The Contractor shall submit adequate records of time and expenses to the Engineer. If required by the Engineer, details of the qualifications and experience of the personnel shall be supplied. 3.13 Written instructions to site staff 3.13.1 The Contractor shall give written instructions to his site staff on all relevant aspects in the Specification. A copy of these instructions shall be provided to the Engineer prior to the commencement of the Site Operations. 3.13.2 The instructions shall include a description of ‘the nature of any potential hazards and the details of appropriate precautionary measures in handling and disposing of material on potentially contaminated land. 3.14 Location of exploratory holes ‘The Engineer will provide the Contractor with the National Grid coordinates of each exploratory hole in Schedule 2 together with adequate bench marks, permanent ground markers and/or other information sufficient for the Contractor to set out the whole of the Site Operations in accordance with Clause 17 of the Conditions of Contract. ‘The Contractor shall establish the position of each exploratory hole, and shall confirm this position with the Engineer prior to commencing any Site Operations at that location. Each position shall be reported to the nearest 0.5 m using National Grid coordinates 3.15 Ground elevation of exploratory holes ‘The Contractor shall establish the elevation of each exploratory hole prior to commencing any Site Operations at that location. Ground clevations shall be related to Ordnance Datum and shall be established to the nearest 0.0Sm. 3.16 Exploratory work ‘The location and depth of each exploratory hole shall be as described in Schedule 2. The Engineer may, after consultation with the Contractor, vary the location and depth of any exploratory hole and the sequence or uantity of in situ testing depending on the actual ground conditions encountered. When the position of an exploratory hole has been varied, the Contractor shall take all necessary measurements and shall inform the Engineer of the revised coordinates and ground elevation or other measurements required to locate the exploratory hole. This data shall be submitted in the same format as stated in Schedule 2 to locate the original position. WA August 1997Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification ‘The Contractor shall obtain the Engineer’s prior approval before commencing any exploratory hole and before moving his equipment from each location and backfilling each exploratory hole. 3.17 Methods of investigation ‘The Engineer may require investigation to be carried out by all or any of the methods described in the Specification. 3.18 Mine workings The positions of any known mine workings, mineral extractions, quarries, shafts or similar works within the area and at a depth likely to affect the Site Operations are shown on the Drawings as far as available records will permit. If evidence of further mining activity is revealed, the Contractor shall inform the Engineer immediately and await his further instructions 3.19 Potent lly contaminated land 3.19.1 General The presence and nature of the known areas of potentially contaminated land are noted in Schedule 1.17 ‘and shown on the Drawings as far as available records permit. If evidence of further potentially contaminated and is encountered the Contractor shall cease work and inform the Engineer immediately. The Contractor shall agree a revised method of working appropriate to the nature and level of hazards encountered with the Engineer and any concerned regulatory authority 3.19.2. Statement of working methods In accordance with the requirements of Clause 14 of the Conditions of Contract, and not less than 14 days before the commencement of Site Operations on potentially contaminated land the Contractor shall provide a statement describing in full the arrangements and methods he proposes to adopt in carrying out the Site Operations including full details of safety precautions ‘The Contractor shall not subsequently amend the statement or any working practice or procedure contained therein, except as provided for in clause 3.19.3, without the consent of the Engineer. August 1997 Chapter 3 General Requirements 3.19.3 Liaison with authorities Not less than 14 days prior to the commencement of the Site Operations on potentially contaminated land the Contractor shall liaise with the authorities listed in ‘Schedule 1.17 and agree actual working practices and procedures to be adopted on potentially contaminated land. The Contractor shall, if necessary, subsequently amend and re-submit the statement of working methods to the Engincer to take account of any variation agreed with the authorities. The Contractor shall advise the Engineer when any meeting with the authorities to discuss working practices is to be held, 3.19.4 COSHH assessment Not less than 7 days prior to the commencement of the Site Operations on potentially contaminated land the Contractor shall submit a copy of his COSHH Statement relating to these Site Operations to the Engineer for information, together with any revised statement of working methods resulting from clause 3.193, 3.19.5 General safety precautions On potentially contaminated land, the Contractor shall comply with the safety requirements of “Protection of ‘Workers and the General Public During the Development of Contaminated Land” (1991) and follow the safety guidance in Appendix A of DD175:1988 - “Code of Practice forthe identification of potentially contaminated land and its investigation” (Draft for Development) and Section 7 of the Site Investigation Steering Group publication “Guidelines for the safe investigation by drilling of landfills and contaminated land” (1994), The following minimum requirements shall apply in addition to any requirements stipulated in Schedule 1.17 (Site personnel shall wear protective overalls, safety hat, safety boots, gloves and/or barrier cream and eye protection where appropriate Any protective clothing and footwear shall be removed at the hygiene facilities before leaving the potentially contaminated land. (i) Dust masks of suitable efficiency and artificial respiratory equipment shall be available on site for the duration of the Site Operations on potentially contaminated land. (Gi) Instructions for use of safety equipment shall be prominently displayed and at least one member of staff who is conversant with the use of the safety ‘equipment shall be on site at all times during working hours. 3/5Chapter 3 General Requirements (iv) An adequate range of appropriate first aid facilities shall be provided. (v) Adequate washing facilities shall be provided at the hygiene facilities, (vi) Activities which involve hand to mouth contact, such as eating and smoking, shall not be permitted on potentially contaminated land. (vii) No naked flames or other ignition sources shall be allowed on potentially contaminated land. (vii) Only suitably trained personnel shall be permitted to work in confined spaces or in excavations. Health and Safety Executive Guidance Note GSS shall be strictly adhered to. (ix) The Contractor shall make adequate provision of both personnel and equipment for rescue should an incident occur. The Contractor shall inform the local hospital of the type of work in progress and the potential type of injuries, ‘The above list is not exclusive and does not remove from the Contractor any obligations to conform with. Statutes etc under Clause 26 of the Conditions of Contract. 3.19.6 Safety plan The statement of working methods shall include a safety plan presenting details including, but not limited to, the. following: 1. Specification for personal protective equipment to prevent ingestion of, inhalation of and skin contact ‘with contaminated materials. 2. Details of decontamination facilities 3. Statement of safe working practices which will be employed to avoid or minimise contact with contaminated materials, 4, Details of health and safety training undertaken by all levels of the work force 5. A schedule for each potentially contaminated area giving the name, organisation, specialism, availability, location and proximity of specialist health and safety expertise within the Contractor's organisation and externally. Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 3.20 Anomalous conditions Where anomalous or unexpected features are revealed ‘the Contractor shall inform the Engineer immediately. 3.21 Surface water control Surface water or other water shall be prevented from entering the exploratory hole from at or above ground surface level, except as permitted in clause 4.2. 3.22. Traffic safety and management 3.22.1 When planning and undertaking work on highways open to traffic the Contractor shall take account of the recommendations contained in the following: (@) for work on motorways - “Planning for safety Guidance Notes for the Health and Safety of Workers at In-Service Motorway Roadworks Sites", issued jointly by the Department of ‘Transport, the Welsh Office, the Scottish Office Industry Department and the Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors; (©) for works on all highways - “Safety at Roadworks: Notes for Guidance (1993)” issued jointly by the Department of Transport and the County Surveyors’ Society. 3.222 When planning traffic safety and management ‘measures the Contractor shall take into account the information contained in Schedule 1.8 3.22.3 The Contractor shall, unless otherwise stated in Schedule 1.8, after consultation with any statutory, police or other authority concemed prepare and submit traffic safety and management proposals within the timescale described in Schedule 1.8 to the Engineer for consent. These shall show the proposed traffic safety and management measures, including provision of safety zones, which he proposes for carrying out the Site Operations. [fstated in Schedule 1.8, the proposals shall include the provision of running lanes for the use of emergency vehicles within the Site. If required by the Engineer the Contractor shall make such changes to his proposals as may be necessary, in the opinion of the Engineer, to meet the requirements of the Contract and to obtain the Engineer's consent. Thereafter the Contractor shall furnish such details and information as may be necessitated by the Site Operations or as the Engineer may require. 3/6 August 1997Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 3.224. Central reserve crossovers shall not be permitted. 3.22.5 If stated in Schedule 1.8, the Contractor shall undertake the maintenance functions described therein and to the extent there described, on the lengths of highway there specified, until the issue of the appropriate Certificate of Completion. 3.22.6 Nothing in clause 3.22.5 shall relieve the Contractor from his obligations under Clause 22 of the Conditions of Contract to the extent that they require the Contractor to indemnify and keep indemnified the Employer against losses and claims for injuries or damage to any person or property, which may arise out of or in consequence of a failure on the part of the Contractor adequately to maintain a highway described in Schedule 1.8. 3.22.7 The Contractor shall, unless otherwise stated in Schedule 1.8, provide, erect, maintain, reposition, cover and uncover and finally remove traffic signs as required by the Site Operations. In so doing, such other measures shall be taken by the Contractor as may be necessitated by the Site Operations in accordance with any special requirements in Schedule 1.8, recommendations in Chapter 8 of the Traffic Signs Manual published by the Stationery Office Ltd or any amendments thereto, or other instructions of the Overseeing Organisation listed in Schedule 1.8. Where the circumstances of any particular situation are not covered by the recommendations or described in Schedule 1.8, the Contractor shall submit proposals for dealing with that situation to the Engineer for consent. 3.22.8 Traffic signs shall comply with the appropriate Clauses in Series 1200 of the Specification for Highway Works (1991 with August 1993 and August 1994 amendments). The Contractor shall unless otherwise stated in Schedule 1.8 keep traffic signs clean, secure and legible and ensure that all signs required to be lit, whether by external or internal lighting, are so lit during periods when road vehicles are required to display lights. 3.229 Where the Contract provides that the Contractor shall not erect, maintain or reposition traffic signs, the Contractor shall not change in any manner the permanent or temporary traffic signs except with the consent of the Engineer and shall give the Engineer such notice as is stated in Schedule 1.8 to indicate when signs should be moved compatible with the progress of the Site Operations, Chapter 3 General Requirements 3.2.10 All traffic safety and management measures necessitated by the Site Operations shall be fully operational and shall have been approved by the Engineer before the Contractor commences any work which affects the public highway or the use of it. 3.22.11 Any area of highway which has been closed because of the Site Operations shall not be re-opened until the Engineer is satisfied that all appropriate traffic safety and management measures have been completed and the highway is in a suitable condition for public use. 3.22.12 Where work is carried out on, or adjacent to a highway open to traffic the Contractor shall ensure that vehicles and equipment under his control operating frequently or regularly on or adjacent to that highway in the execution of the Site Operations shall be painted in a conspicuous colour and shall have sign boards reading “Highway Maintenance” or where appropriate “Motorway Maintenance”, fixed at the rear. The lettering shall be 150 mm x height for vehicles and plant ‘except that for light vans and cars it shall be the largest x height that can be accommodated out of the following heights: 37.5, 50, 62.5, 75 or 100 mm. The letering shall be in black capital letters from the “Transport heavy alphabet”, described in The Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 1981 Schedule 7 Part V, on a yellow non-reflectorised background in accordance with BS 381C lemon yellow No 355. In addition each such vehicle or item of plant shall be provided with a roof mounted amber flashing distinctive lamp. The lamp shall be switched on: (when the vehicle or plant is manoeuvring into or out of the Site or operating at low speed on a carriageway or hard shoulder open to vehicles and; (i) when the vehicle or plant is standing on a carriageway or hard shoulder open to vehicles, unless Schedule 1.8 permits hazard warning lights to be switched on and they are. 3.22.13 Temporary lighting shall be provided in accordance with Clause 1405 of the Specification for Highway Works (1991 with August 1993 and August 1994 amendments) where required by Schedule 1.8, or by the Contractor in the execution of the Site Operations with the consent of the Engineer. August 1997 37Chapter 3 Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 3.22.14 ‘The Contractor shall provide and suitably sign points of entry to and exit from the Site, for vehicles and ‘equipment engaged on the Site Operations. Such provision shall be subject to the agreement of the Engineer. The Contractor shall ensure that when any vehicle or item of equipment is reversing within the Site ‘on of adjacent to a highway open to traffic, it does so only under the supervision of a person designated for the purpose of regulating traffic within the Site who shall be readily distinguishable from the remainder of the work force, 3.22.15 Where work is carried out on or adjacent to a highway open to traffic the Contractor shall ensure that the workforce, the site supervising staff and visitors at all times wear high visibility garments appropriate to the assessed level of risk. For work on motorways and high speed dual carriageways, high visibility clothing complying with BSEN471:1994 Class 3 should be wom outside protected areas. Where workers are protected by a safety zone, garments to BSEN471:1994 Class 2 may be adequate. In accordance with Clause 104.2 of the Specification for Highway Works (1991 with August 1993 and August 1994 amendments), garments complying with other specifications may be used where they offer equivalent levels of performance. The Contractor shall ensure that the person in charge of the workforce is readily distinguishable from the person designated in clause 3.22.14 and from the remainder of the workforce. 3.22.16 Where required in Schedule 1.8, the Contractor shall appoint a Traffic Safety and Control Officer who shall make all arrangements necessary for traffic safety and control. The Traffic Safety and Control Officer shall have one or more nominated deputies. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with the names of this Officer and his nominated deputies and with telephone numbers or details of other means by which they or one of them can be contacted at any time, The Traffic Safety and Control Officer or his nominated deputy shall be on the Site at all times when work is proceeding and shall be readily available to deal with ‘matters related to traffic safety and control 3.22.17 If an accident or breakdown occurs on a carriageway or hard shoulder open to traffic within or in, the vicinity of the Site, the Contractor shall act as, requested by the police but subject to any instructions or contrary directions by the Engineer. 3.22.18 Headlamps shall not be used when facing oncoming traffic whilst in a closed-off section of carriageway, 3.22.19 The storage of plant and materials or the mixing ‘of materials will not be permitted on any part of the carriageway or hardshoulder. 3.22.20 The Contractor shall not display any advertisement on the highway site without the written ‘consent of the Engineer. 3.23 Quality management Where required in Schedule 1.8, all work shall be carried out in accordance with a quality management system established in accordance with BS EN ISO 9001. Records to indicate compliance with quality ‘management shall be made available to the Engineer on request. 3.24 Accreditation of drillers 3.24.1 _All drillers employed on the Contract shall hold a certificate of competence for percussion boring or rotary drilling applicable to the work on which they are engaged, as issued by the British Drilling Association Limited under the Ground Investigation Driller’s Accreditation Scheme or an equivalent body in a State of the European Economic Area. 3.242 Alternatively, non-accredited drillers may be employed, provided each rig is supervised by an engineer or geologist meeting the requirements of clause 2.2 item (e), except for investigations on potentially contaminated land where an accredited driller shall be engaged. This supervision shall be on the basis of one full ime engineer or geologist for each rig. 3.25 Laboratory accredi The schedule of tests specified in Appendix 5 shall be carried out in laboratories that are currently accredited for those tests by UKAS (the United Kingdom Accreditation Service) or equivalent EU bodies. 38 ‘August 1997Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 3.26 Photographs 3.26.1 Where required in the Contract, colour photographs shall be taken and supplied by the Contractor. Each photograph shall clearly show all necessary details and shall contain a graduated scale which shall be the same in every photograph of a particular type. A standard colour chart and monochrome step wedge shall also be included in each photograph, 3.26.2 A single gloss colour enprint (minimum size 150mm x 100mm) copy of each photograph shall be submitted to the Engineer for his approval and retention within 2 working days of the photography. In the event that the photographs are of a quality unacceptable to the Engineer they shall be retaken, 3.26.3 On acceptance of the quality of the photograph ‘two complete sets of enprints of all the approved photographs shall be presented, annotated and submitted in bound volumes together with the photograph negatives with the Factual Report. A bound volume shall comprise of one complete set of prints of approved photographs. A copy of the standard colour chart and monochrome step wedge shall be included in each bound photographic volume. 3.26.4 Particular requirements for photographs of cores and pits and trenches are given in clauses 5.8 and 6.9, Chapter 3 General Requirements ‘August 1997 39Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 4. BOREHOLES 4.1 Method and diameter 4.1.1 The method of advancement and the diameter of a borehole shall be such that the boring can be ‘completed and logged to the scheduled depth, and samples of the specified diameter can be obtained, in situ testing carried out and instrumentation installed as described in the Contract 4.1.2. The following methods may be employed for advancement of a borehole unless otherwise stated in Schedule 1.9 Percussion boring Auger boring, Rotary drilling 4.2 Addition of water to the borehole ‘Water shall not be used to assist the advance of the borehole except where approved by the Engineer. Where the borehole penetrates below the water table and disturbance of the soils is likely, a positive hydraulic head shall be maintained in the borehole at all times during sampling and boring, 4.3, Percussion boring 4.3.1 Hard stratum or obstruction in percussion, boring In borings using percussion boring techniques where hard strata or obstructions are encountered the Contractor shall continue boring using a chisel or similar approved tool for a minimum time of | hour in an attempt to penetrate the hard strata or obstructions. Upon completion of the above requirement the Contractor shall consult with the Engineer who shall instruct the use of one or more of the following procedures:= 43.1.1 Continue boring using a chisel or similar approved tool to penetrate the hard strata or obstruction, or to break it up sufficiently for fragments to be recovered and identified until otherwise instructed by the Engineer. If, in the Engineer's opinion, insufficient progress is being made he may instruct the Contractor to change to rotary drilling as in clause 4.3.1.2, or abandon the boring as in clause 4.3.1.4 Chapter 4 Boreholes 4.3.1.2 Continue the exploratory hole by rotary core drilling to the required depth of the hole unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer. The equipment used shall be capable of producing cores of not less than the minimum diameter stated in Schedule 2. 4.3.1.3. Should the hard strata or obstruction prove to bea thin ledge of rock, boulder or other object underlain by soil, by penetrating it, the Engineer will instruct the ‘Contractor to either break out the hard strata or obstruction to allow boring, in situ testing and sampling to proceed, or to continue with rotary drilling as in clause 4.3.1.2. 43.14 Abandon the boring and commence a further boring nearby to obtain the required samples. 4.3.2 Use of clay cutters Clay cutters shall not be used for advancing the boring in soft alluvial soils or where the undrained shear strength of the soil is less than 40kN/m? as measured by the vane test (BS 1377: Part 9, clause 4.4). Where clay ‘cutters are permitted they shall be of a pattern approved by the Engineer, and the combined weight of clay cutter and any sinker bar shall not exceed 150kg in the case of 150mm diameter borings and 180kg in the case of 200mm diameter borings. 4.3.3 Use of shell and casing Care shall be taken at all times to avoid disturbing or loosening of the soil or loss of ground. When using a shell and casing, in order to keep disturbance of the ground to a minimum, the Contractor shall operate the equipment in such a way as to allow the shell to proceed before the casing only the minimum distance necessary to advance the boring. The casing shall not be advanced by reciprocating action of the cable, but by driving, rotation or self-weight. 4.4 Augering 4.4.1 Hand auger ‘Where hand augering is specified in the Contract the equipment shall be used to auger and recover samples toamaximum depth of 4m. The minimum diameter shall be 100mm, August 1997 4Chapter 4 Boreholes Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 4.4.2 Continuous flight augering ‘Where continuous flight augering is required it shall be carried out under the full time supervision of an engineer or geologist meeting the requirements of clause 2.2 item (@) who shall produce, as augering proceeds, a record of the material and groundwater encountered. 4.4.3 Hollow stem flight augering Where hollow stem flight augering is required the equipment used shall be such as to auger and recover samples as specified in Schedule 1.9. Sampling shall be carried out through the hollow stem. 4.5 Rotary drilling in soils ‘Where rotary drilling is employed the work shall be carried out in accordance with Section 5, Rotary drilling 4.6 Percussion boring with tube window sampling Where specified in Schedule 2, boring shall be carried out by driving tubes with longitudinal window slots. The equipment shall comprise one or more tubes mounted on a cutting shoe suitable for the purposes of recovering a continuous soil sample, The equipment shall be driven into the ground by pneumatic, mechanical or hydraulic percussive methods. The minimum sample diameter shall be 30mm. The soil recovered shall be logged by an engineer, geologist or environmental scientist, as appropriate, meeting the requirements of clause 2.2 item (@), before removal from the sampling tube. 4.7 Backfilli es ‘The Contractor shall backfill boreholes with arisings ‘except on potentially contaminated land or where special infilling is required by the Engineer. On potentially contaminated land backfill shall comprise cement/bentonite grout (as specified in clause 3.9.2) unless other special infilling is described in Schedule 1.9 or otherwise required by the Engineer. 4.8 Artesian water Where artesian water is encountered the Contractor shall immediately inform the Engineer and shall attempt, to contain the artesian head by extending the casing above the existing ground surface by a maximum of Im. Where an artesian head greater than Im above ground surface is encountered the Contractor shall cap the boring and fit a pressure gauge and by-pass to measure the pressure head of the artesian water. ‘On completion of boring, the exploratory hole shall be routed up. A suitable grout tube shall be lowered to the bottom of the exploratory hole and an approved sand cement grout mix pumped down the tube, the lower end of which shall always remain below the level of grout in the hole until grouting is completed. Ifitis not possible to extract the casing it shall be left in the hole permanently. 42 August 1997Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 5. ROTARY DRILLIN 5.1 General 5.1.1 Rotary drilling may be required starting from ground level, or to extend borings which cannot penetrate further, or to prove rock in borings prior to breaking it out, Open hole drilling may be carried out where core drilling is not required 5.1.2. Where required by clause 5.3.3, or where requested by the Engineer, SPTs as specified in clause 8.3.1.4 shall be carried out 5.2 Drilling fluid 5.2.1 The drilling fluid shall normally be clean water, air or air mist. However, with the agreement of the Engineer non-toxic drilling muds, additives or foam may be used 5.2.2 On potentially contaminated land the Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to contain the drilling fluid returns in order to prevent surface contamination. 5.3. Rotary drilling with core recovery 5.3.1 Types of equipment Unless otherwise stated in Schedule 1.10 rotary core drilling shall be carried out by a double or triple tube coring system incorporating a removable inner liner. The triple tube system may be effected by use of a double tube barrel with an approved semi-rigid liner. Rotary core drilling shall normally be carried out with diamond oor tungsten carbide tipped bits which shall be suitable for the percentage core recovery and diameters required. Where rotary drilling is ordered within ‘weathered rock strata which include friable or soft layers, softer lenses within solid rock, or other than solid continuous strata, the Contractor shall use suitable well ‘maintained equipment to produce cores in such strata to meet the recovery requirements. All bits, core barrels, and casing shall conform to BS 4019: Part 3 5.3.2 Core recovery Rotary core drilling shall produce cores of circular cross section not less than the specified diameter (Schedule 1.10) throughout the core length. The type and state of drill bit, feed rates and management of the drill shall be such that 100% core recovery in any single run can be Chapter 5 Rotary Drilling obtained where the condition of the rock permits. Core recovery less than 90% in any drill run will not normally be acceptable unless the Engineer is satisfied that a greater recovery than 90% is impractical under the prevailing conditions. Where core recovery is less than 90% or the rate of coring indicates a core recovery of less than 90%, a standard penetration test shall be carried out in the rotary core hole. 5.3.3 Drill runs The first drill run in each hole shall not exceed Im in Tength. Subsequent drill runs shall not normally exceed 3.0m in Jength and the core barrel shall be removed from the drill hole as often as is required to obtain the best possible core recovery. When any recovery is less than 90% from a drill run then the next drill run shall be reduced to 50% of the previous length, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, and so on down to a minimum, length of 0.5 m. The Engineer may specify in situ testing between drill runs. 5.3.4 Removal of cores and labelling of liners 5.3.4.1 All operations entailed in recovering the cores from the ground after completion of drilling shall be carried out in a manner such as to minimise disturbance to the cores, 53.4.2 Core barrels shall be held horizontally while the innermost liner containing the core is removed without vibration and in a manner to prevent disturbance to the core, The core should be rigidly supported at all times while it is being extruded and during subsequent handling, and the liner containing the core must not be allowed to flex. 5.3.4.3 Immediately after removing the liner the top and bottom shall be marked in indelible ink. Liners shall be cut to the length of the enclosed core. The ends of the liners shall be capped and sealed using adhesive tape. 5.34.4 Where the length of core recovered from any single core run is such that it cannot be accommodated in one channel of the core box, the liner shall be cut to coincide, if possible, with existing fractures. The liner cither side of the cut shall be marked ‘cut’ and the ends capped as above. August 1997 sikChapter 5 Rotary Drilling 5.3.45. Each section of liner shall be marked with the Contract title, exploratory hole reference number, date and the depths of the top and bottom of the drill run. 5.3.4.6 Core obtained without a liner and that from within the core catcher but not inside the liner shall be wrapped in two layers of plastic cling film and labelled to indicate the depth and exploratory hole reference number. 5.3.5 Core boxes, packing, labelling, storing 5.3.5.1 Core boxes shall be soundly constructed and fitted with stout carrying handles, fastenings and hinged lids, The total weight of the cores and box shall together not exceed 60kg, 5.3.5.2. Cores shall be rigidly and securely packed at the site of drilling and during all subsequent handling and storage the cores shall remain packed unless required for examination or testing. Cores shall be placed in the box, in their liners where used, with the shallowest core to the top left hand comer, the top being considered adjacent to the hinged section. Cores from the core catcher shall also be placed in the core boxes at the correct relative depth. 5.3.5.3 Depth shall be indicated on the core box by durable markers of a type approved by the Engineer at one metre intervals and at all significant changes of strata and at the end of each drill run, Where there has been failure to achieve 100% recovery, core spacer pieces of appropriate size clearly indicating the missing lengths, shall be placed in the boxes. The location, exploratory hole number and the depth of coring relating, to the contents of each box shall be clearly indicated in indelible ink on labels, inside the box, on the top and on each end of the box. All markers and labels shall be such as to facilitate subsequent photography. All core boxes other than those to be retained by the Employer shall remain the property of the Contractor. 5.3.54 Core boxes containing core shall be kept horizontal and moved and handled with care at all times Core shall be protected to ensure that their temperature does not fall below 2°C and rise above 25°C. They shall also be protected from direct heat and sunlight. At the end of each day’s work, core boxes shall be stored secure from interference and protected from the weather. Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 5.3.6 Preparation of cores for examination 5.3.6.1 Cores shall be prepared for examination by the removal of sealing materials and splitting of liners in such a way as not to damage the cores. Plastic liners shall be cut lengthwise such that at least half the core circumference is exposed. 5.3.6.2. Prior to examination of the core the Contractor shall photograph the cores as specified in clause 5.8 The time between commencement of preparation and the examination of the prepared and photographed cores, shall be minimised to prevent loss of moisture from the core samples. 5.3.6.3. The cores shall be examined and described on site by an engineer or geologist meeting the requirements of clause 2.2 item (d). Logging shall be in accordance with BS 5930 and the recommendations of the Engineering Group of the Geological Society Working Party Report “The logging of rock cores for ‘engineering purposes’ (1970). Access for the inspection of the cores by the Engineer shall be provided by the Contractor for the duration of the Contract. 5.3.7 Retention of core sub-samples ‘When the examination of the cores has been completed, the Contractor may be required to retain separately specified core sub-samples for possible laboratory testing, The Contractor shall cut the liner and cap and seal the core sub-samples in such a way as to prevent loss of moisture and sample disturbance. They shall be clearly labelled so that the location, depth and origin of the sub-samples can be readily identified. Cores in their liners remaining after the specified sub-samples have been removed shall be end-capped and resealed and replaced in the original core box location. Rigid spacers shall be placed in the spaces in the core boxes previously occupied by the core sub-samples to prevent movement of adjacent cores and these shall be labelled identically to the core sub-samples that they replace. The core sub-samples shall be retained in separate core boxes clearly marked to indicate the origin of the cores contained within, ‘The Contractor shall be responsible for the protection of all cores and for their transport (including loading and unloading): (a) to the Contractor’s laboratories, or (b) toa store or laboratory as stated in Schedule 1.10. 52 ‘August 1997Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 5.3.9 Retention and disposal of cores Retention and disposal of cores shall be in accordance with Clause 20(2) of the Conditions of Contract, with the report referred to in Clause 20(2) being that defined in Schedule 1.10, However, in addition, the Engineer may instruct that some cores be sent elsewhere. The disposal of core samples from potentially contaminated land shall be in accordance with current waste legislation 5.4 Rotary drilling without core recovery 5.4.1 Rotary open hole or rotary percussive drilling may be used to advance a hole. The hole diameter shall be as stated in Schedule 1.10. 5.4.2 When used for the purpose of locating mineral seams, mineworkings, adits, shafts, other cavities or anomalous conditions, drilling shall be under the full-time supervision of an engineer or geologist meeting the requirements of clause 2.2 item (d). As drilling proceeds ‘a systematic record shall be made of the drilling methods, rate of penetration, loss of flushing medium, the material penetrated and any cavities or broken ground encountered. 5.5 Backfilling 5.5.1 Except where otherwise specified the Contractor shall backfill rotary drillholes with a cement bentonite ‘grout as defined in clause 3.9.1.2 5.5.2. Where artesian water conditions or voids make normal grouting impractical the Contractor shall consult and agree with the Engineer a procedure for sealing the iillhole 5.6 Artesian water ‘Where artesian water is encountered the Contractor shall follow the requirements of clause 4.8, 5.7. Proving hard strata ‘Where it is necessary to prove hard strata by open hole drilling from ground level or by rotary core drilling, then the hard strata shall be proved to 1.5 m depth or as otherwise instructed by the Engineer. 5.8 Photographs In addition to the requirement of clause 3.26 the Contractor shall photograph cores where required in a fresh condition prior to logging preferably on the day of Chapter 5 Rotary Drilling recovery, but always within a maximum of 72 hours of recovery and ensure that the following criteria are fulfilled. (a) A graduated scale in 10mm intervals is provided. (b) Labels and markers are clearly legible in the photograph. (©) A clearly legible reference board identifying the project ttle, exploratory hole number, date and depth of drill runs shall be included in each photograph (d) Core boxes are evenly and consistently lit. (e) The length of the core box in each photograph fills the frame (®) The core fills a minimum of 50% of the frame, (g) The focal plane of the camera and the plane of the core box are parallel. (h) The camera is placed in the same position with respect to the core box in every photograph. 5.9 Borehole closed circuit television surveys Borehole closed circuit television surveys shall be carried out where directed by the Engineer. The camera ‘equipment shall be capable of entering a 100 mm diameter exploratory hole and shall have adequate lighting, forward and lateral viewing capabilities. The survey shall be seen live on a TV monitor. Depth and inclination of the camera and azimuth shall be recorded con tothe video tape at all times, and a facility for recording general reference information at selected positions on to the tape for permanent record purposes shall be available, The closed circuit television camera shall be of a suitable type which can be used in exploratory holes containing a mixture of potentially explosive gases. The Contractor shall be responsible for presenting a report describing features observed and giving the depth of each feature described. Preliminary results of the closed circuit television surveys consisting of all video tape recordings (in VHS format) and report shall be submitted to the Engineer in duplicate within 7 calendar days of the completion of the work to which they refer August 1997 5/3Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 6. PITS AND TRENCHES 6.1 Inspection pits ‘The Contractor shall start all exploratory holes located within the boundaries of public highways and elscwhere where the presence of underground services or field drains is expected by means of a hand excavated inspection pit not less than 1.0m? in base plan arca and. 1.2m deep. Hand-operated power tools may be used to assist excavation where hard strata such as road pavements cannot be broken out without the use of such tools. Exploratory holes shall not begin until the presence or otherwise of all such services has been established. The positions, depths and dimensions ofall services encountered shall be measured and recorded in the daily report with other information as required by clause 10.2. 6.2 Trial pits and trenches 6.2.1. Trial pits and trenches shall be excavated to enable visible examination and sampling from outside the pit or trench. They shall be excavated by hand to a maximum depth of 1.2m or by machine to the required depth, 6.2.2 Trial pits and trenches on potentially contaminated land shall be excavated by machine only. 6.3 Observation pits and trenches 6.3.1 Observation pits and trenches shall be excavated by hand or machine, and shall be adequately supported at all times to enable personnel to enter and work safely and to permit in situ examination, soil sampling and testing as required. The supports shall be placed so as to minimise interference with the taking of samples or inspection of the faces. The Contractor shall make available at the site of each observation pit or trench, a ladder of adequate length to permit access to the base of the excavation, 6.3.2. Observation pits and trenches on potentially contaminated land shall be excavated by machine, unless specified to be dug by hand in Schedule 2. All safety precautions as required under clause 3.19 shall be followed before and during personal entry into observation pits and trenches. Chapter 6 Pits and Trenches 6.4 and trench dimensions Unless otherwise required in Schedule 1.11, (a) trial pits and observation pits shall have a ‘minimum base plan area of 1.5m? (b) trial trenches and observation trenches shalll have plan base dimensions of 1.0m wide and not less than 5.0m long. 6.5 Description Pits and trenches shall be examined and described by an engineer or geologist meeting the requirements of clause 2.2 item (d). Ground from potentially contaminated land shall be described by an environmental or geotechnical specialist, as appropriate, meeting the requirements of clause 2.2 item (A) 6.6 Groundwater ‘The Contractor shall keep all pits and trenches free of surface water run-off, Groundwater shall be controlled by pumping from a sump to permit continuous work in 50 far as the rate of inflow of groundwater can be controlled by use of a 30mm outlet diameter pump and the excavation remains stable 6.7 Backfilling Backfilling of the pits and trenches shall be carried out in accordance with clause 3.9 with material replaced at similar depth as encountered, In open land any surplus shall be heaped proud over the pit site. In paved areas reinstatement shall be as specified in Schedule 2 6.8 Protection to pits and trenches left ‘open Where pits and trenches are required to be left open for a period of several days the Contractor shall provide fencing in accordance with Clause 303.1(3) of the Specification for Highway Works (1991 with August 1993 and August 1994 amendments) or other fencing approved as suitable for the purpose, together with all necessary lighting and signing required under Clause 19 of the Conditions of Contract. Precautions shall be taken to protect the pits and trenches from the adverse effects of weather during this period. August 1997 olChapter 6 Pits and Trenches 6.9 Photographs The Contractor shall photograph and supply colour prints of all pits and trenches and their arisings. In addition to the requirements of clause 3.26 photographs shall clearly show details of the ground conditions in the pit and trench with any support in place and shall contain a graduated scale. Unless otherwise required in Schedule 1.11, artificial lighting appropriate to the colour balance of the film shall be used where necessary. Photographs will generally be required at the rate of three for every pit or as directed by the Engineer. Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification August 1997Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 7. SAMPLING 7.1 Small disturbed samples ‘Small disturbed samples shall weigh not less than 1.0kg. They shall be placed immediately in airtight containers, which they should sensibly fil, 7.2 Bulk isturbed samples 7.2.1 Bulk disturbed samples shall be taken from borings, pits or trenches in both cohesive and non- cohesive soils and shall weigh not less than 25kg. They shall be representative of the zone from which they have been taken, care being taken to retain the fines of water bearing granular soils. 7.2.2. For bulk samples from a particular zone of atrial or observation pit or trench, all the recovered soil shall be placed on a suitable tray, mixed by shovel and quartered until the required amount of soil is obtained. 7.3. Open tube and piston samples 7.3.1 Open tube and piston samples shall be taken using the sampling equipment and procedures as described in BS5930 except that detachable inner liners shall not be used in open tube samplers. The diameter shall be at least 100mm unless otherwise required in Schedule 1.12. The minimum length of open tube samples shall be 450mm. The maximum area ratio of | open tube samples shall be 30%, 7.3.2 Before an open tube or piston sample is taken, the bottom of the hole shall be carefully cleared of loose materials and where a casing is being used the sample shall be taken below the bottom of the casing. Following a break in the work exceeding one hour, the borehole shall be advanced by 250mm before open tube or piston sampling is resumed. 7.3.3 Where an attempt to take an open tube or piston sample is unsuccessful the hole shall be cleaned out for the full depth to which the sampling tube has penetrated and the recovered soil saved as a bulk disturbed sample. A fresh attempt shall then be made from the level of the base of the unsuccessful attempt. Should this second attempt also prove unsuccessful the Contractor shall agree with the Engineer alternative means of sampling 7.3.4 The samples shall be sealed with paraffin wax immediately to preserve their natural moisture content Chapter 7 ‘Sampling and in such a manner as to prevent the wax from entering any voids in the sample, 7.35 Soil from the cutting shoe of an open tube shall be retained as a small disturbed sample. 7.4 Thin-walled tube samples ‘Thin walled tube samples shall be taken using the sampling equipment and procedures described in B$5930, The minimum sample diameter shall be 75mm. ‘The Contractor shall ensure that the least possible disturbance occurs to the samples during sampling, storage and transport, 7.5 Undisturbed block samples. ‘The Contractor may be required to recover undisturbed block samples in cohesive soils from trial pits. The exact dimensions of cach sample, which shall be cuboid, shall be as directed by the Engineer. The weight of each sample after trimming shall be not less than 50kg. In taking the sample every care should be taken in handling to avoid damage. No water shall be allowed to come into contact with the samples which shall be sealed with ‘an approved wax to preserve the natural moisture ‘content and labelled and marked with their orientation. 7.6 Standard penetrat n test samples ‘When a standard penetration test (SPT) is carried out the sample from the split barrel sampler shall be retained as a small disturbed sample. Where a sample is not retained in the split barrel or when the cutting shoe is replaced by a solid cone, a bulk disturbed sample shall bbe taken from the test zone. 7.7 Solid samples for contamination ground investigation 7.7.1 Solid samples for the contamination ground investigation may be of any of the types covered by clauses 7. to 7.6 and be taken from boreholes, trial pits, observation pits and trenches. 7.1.2. Sample tubes and split spoon samplers used for recovering material for contamination testing shall be washed with clean water immediately before use to ‘minimise the potential for cross contamination August 1997 TNChapter 7 Sampling 7.7.3. Small disturbed samples shall be taken with clean stainless steel hand tools and placed in rigid containers made of a material that is non-reactive with the likely contaminants. The containers shall be filled to the brim to effectively exclude air. 7.8 Groundwater samples 7.8.1 Samples from exploratory holes Groundwater samples shall be taken from each exploratory hole where groundwater is encountered. ‘Where more than one groundwater level is found, each ‘one shall be sampled separately. Where water has been previously added, the hole shall be baled out before sampling so that only groundwater is present. The sample volume shall be not less than 1.0 litre. 7.8.2 Samples for contamination testing from sampling wells 7.8.2.1 Water samples shall be taken from sampling, wells as instructed by the Engineer. Samples shall only be taken after purging standing water from the installation. The water level shall be measured prior to purging. 7.8.2.2 A minimum of three times the volume of water in the well shall be purged from sampling wells, unless ‘otherwise specified by the Engineer. Purging shall occur from the upper part of the water column, During purging pH and conductivity levels shall be monitored ‘when the following approximate well volumes of water have been removed: 0.5, 1,0, 2.0 and 3.0 times well volume. 78.2.3. The sampling equipment and procedures used shall allow discrete depth sampling and shall cause ‘minimum disturbance to the physical or chemical condition of the groundwater. 7.824 Field tests and measurements as described in ‘clause 8.11 shall be carried out on all samples. 7.8.2.5 Depending on the suite of chemical or biological laboratory tests to be undertaken, several sub-samples of groundwater may be required to be placed in different types and sizes of container, and chemically fixed with an appropriate agent where necessary. Specific requirements are detailed in Schedule 1.17. 7.8.2.6. Unless otherwise specified by the Engineer, water samples for metal analysis shall be filtered Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification through a 0.45 micron membrane filter on site before any preservation fixing agents or techniques are applied. 7.8.2.7 Care shall be taken to ensure that no cross- contamination occurs either during extraction of the sample from the sampling well or whilst stored and handled prior to analysis. 7.8.3 Surface water samples 7.8.3.1 Water samples shall be taken from water courses or surface sources as instructed by the Engineer, 7.8.3.2. If chemical or biological tests are to be carried cout the procedures described in clauses 7.8.2.5 t0 7 shall apply. 7.9 Undisturbed sampling and testing frequency ‘The Contractor shall take samples as follows: 7.9.1 Borings At each change in soil type or change in consistency, a small disturbed sample shall be taken. Immediately following this an open tube sample shall be taken in cohesive soils, a “bulk disturbed” sample or standard penetration test in granular soils. Further small disturbed samples shall be taken at intervals in the same stratum midway between successive standard penetration tests, ‘open tube samples or bulk disturbed samples. In addition the maximum distances between open tube samples, bulk disturbed samples or standard penetration tests ‘measured centre to centre shall be as follows: ‘Structures: 1.0m for the first 8.0m below road profile level or existing ground level, whichever is the lower, and at 1.5m thereafter. Generally in cohesive soils alternate open tube samples and standard penetration tests shall be taken. Embankments: 1.0m for the first 5.0m below existing ground level and at 1.5m thereafter. Generally in cohesive soils open tube samples shall be taken. If the soil becomes very stiff, penetration resistance tests shall be taken. Cuttings: 1.0m throughout the depth of the exploratory hole. Generally in cohesive soils open tube samples shall be taken. Ifthe soil becomes very stiff, penetration resistance tests shall be taken. m2 ‘August 1997Volume 5 Section 3 7.9.2 Inspection Pits, Trial Pits, Observation Pits and Trial Trenches ‘A small disturbed sample shall be taken at each change in soil type or change in consistency. Immediately following this a bulk disturbed sample shall be taken or an in situ test carried out as stated in Schedule 1.12. Further small disturbed samples shall be taken at intervals in the same stratum midway between successive bulk disturbed samples. Thin walled tube samples and undisturbed block samples shall be taken in cohesive soils where instructed by the Engineer, 7.10 Special sampling The Engineer may require special sampling, This shall be carried out in accordance with BS5930 or as described in Schedule 1.12 of this specification 7.11 Samples for the contamination ground investigation 7.11.1 Solid and liquid samples for contamination testing shall be taken under the supervision of an environmental scientist meeting the requirements of clause 2.2 item (d), 7.11.2. The size and type of sample and container, ‘method of sampling and time limitations for carrying out specific analyses shall be commensurate with the range of tests to be carried out or as described in Schedule 17. 7.113 The Contractor shall take all steps necessary to avoid cross contamination of sampling points, 7.114 The Contractor shall take samples which are representative of each of the materials encountered. As a minimum samples shall be taken as follows unless specified differently in Schedule 1.17: Solid Samples: (The first sample shall be taken at 0.15m below existing ground level and at 1.0m intervals thereafter as required. (iA sample shall also be taken where colour, odour ‘or consistency indicate a change in the nature of the strata, Groundwater Samples ‘Samples of groundwater shall be taken from cach exploratory hole in accordance with clause 7.8.1, and Chapter 7 Samy from groundwater sampling and combined gas and ‘groundwater sampling standpipes in accordance with clause 7.8.3. Gas Samples: Gas samples shall be taken from gas monitoring standpipes and exploratory holes in accordance with the procedures given in clauses 7.12 and 8.10. 7,115 Handling, containment, preservation and transport of samples shall be in accordance with Section 6.4 of DD175:1988 and Sections 4.8 and 4.9 of “General Principles of Sampling and Accuracy of Results (1980). 7.12 Gas sampling 7.12.1 Samples of gas for chromatographic analysis shall be obtained from exploratory holes or standpipes, as specified in Schedule 1.12 or as directed by the Engineer. The sampling method shall relate to the volume of gas available and the type of laboratory analysis and shall be in accordance with Section 8 of CIRIA Report 131 (Crowhurst and Manchester, 1993) The sampler receptacle shall be airtight and may include lockable syringes, PTFE lined bags and gas bombs, or alternatives fit for the purpose. 7.12.2. Gas samples shall be not less than 0,075 litres in volume and shall be taken at the same time as in situ gas concentration monitoring, gas emission rate and pressure measurements in accordance with the procedure described in clause 9.11.3. 7.13 Recording depths of samples ‘The depths below ground level at which samples are taken shall be recorded. For open tube and piston samples the depth of the top and bottom of the sample, and the length of sample obtained shall be given. For bulk samples the limits of the sampled zone shall be recorded. 7.14 Description of samples All solid samples shall be examined and described by a ‘geotechnical specialist meeting the requirements of clause 2.2 item (4) in accordance with BS 5930. Solid and liquid samples taken on potentially contaminated land shall be described by an environmental or geotechnical specialist meeting the requirements of clause 2.2 item (d) and descriptions shall include colour and smell with reference to specific inclusions August 1997 U3Chapter 7 Sampling Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 7.15 Labelling, protection and transportation of samples 7.15.1 Samples shall be clearly labelled in accordance with BS 5930, Solid, liquid or gas samples suspected to bbe toxic or hazardous shall be tagged with a red label (HMSO, 1984) 7.15.2 Samples other than those referred to in 7.15.5 and 7.15.6 below shall be protected to ensure that their ‘temperature does not fall below 2°C or rise above 25°C. They shall also be protected from direct heat and sunlight, 7.15.3 Samples shall be transported to the Contractor's premises. Where required, selected samples shall be delivered to the address given in Schedule 1.12. The Contractor shall be responsible for the protection of all samples and for their transport (including loading and unloading), 7.15.4 All samples taken as part of the contamination investigation shall be placed in rigi, air tight, clean containers and labelled to indicate the site, exploratory hole, depth, date and time o’clock of sampling. The ‘containers shall be made of a material suitable for the purpose, and in accordance with “General Principles of Sampling and Accuracy of Results” (1980). Containers for water samples shall be opaque, robust enough to avoid being damaged during handling and transportation, and shall not react with the sample. Containers for bacteriological sample collection shall be sterile. 7.15.5 All groundwater samples pertaining to the contamination ground investigation shall be stored in the dark and protected at all times from temperatures below 2°C and above 4°C 7.15.6 _Allsolid samples pertaining to the contamination ground investigations and which are to be used for bacteriological analysis shall be stored in the dark and protected at all times from temperatures below 2°C and above 4°C. 7.16 Retention and disposal of samples 7.16.1 ‘The Contractor shall be responsible for the protection of all samples and for their transport {including loading and unloading): (a) to the Contractor's laboratories, or (b) toa store or laboratory as stated in Schedule 1.0. 7.16.2. Retention and disposal of samples shall be in accordance with Clause 20(2) of the Conditions of Contract with the report referred to in Clause 20(2) being that defined in Schedule 1.16. However, in addition, the Engineer may instruct that some samples be sent elsewhere, 7.163. Allsamples from potentially contaminated land shall be disposed of in accordance with current waste legislation. 4 August 1997Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 8. IN SITU TESTING 8.1 Calibration of measuring instruments ‘Where load, displacement or other measuring equipment is used which necessitates regular calibration then this shall be carried out in accordance with the ‘manufacturer's instructions, Evidence of calibrations and copies of calibration charts shall be supplied to the Engineer prior to commencing work and when otherwise requested. 8.2 Testing: general 8.2.1 The following information shall be submitted for each test record to be included in the daily report, preliminary log and factual report. (a) date of test (b) project name, exploratory hole number and location (©) depth and location of test or depths covered by test, as appropriate, together with reduced levels ‘on preliminary logs and in the factual report (@) information on water levels in exploratory hole during testing (©) original ground level at test site (not required for daily report) (£) soil type and description as identified from the sample. 8.22 Unless otherwise specified, all results shall be reported in SI units 8.2.3 Contractor's staff who undertake in situ testing shall be trained and experienced in the equipment’s use. 8.3 Tests in accordance with BS 1377 The following in situ tests shall be carried out and reported in accordance with BS 1377: (1) Insitu density test 2) Static cone penetration test (CPT), (3) Dynamic probing (DPH or DPSH) (4) Standard penetration test (SPT). (5) Plate loading test. Chapter 8 In Situ Testing (©) California Bearing Ratio (CBR). (7) Vane shear strength, (8) Apparent resistivity of sol. (9) Redox potential 8.3.1 Tests 8.3.1.1 Inssitu density test Equipment and procedure: In situ density testing shall be carried out by the large pouring cylinder method as described in Part 9, Clause 2.2. Information to be submitted: ‘The information to be submitted shall be as described in Part 9, Clause 2.2.7. 8.3.1.2. Static cone penetration test (CPT), Equipment and procedure: Electric recording static cone penetrometer tests shall be carried out where indicated by the Engineer and shall comprise the measurement of the end bearing and side friction components of resistance, and the porewater pressures at the penetrometer tip, determined during the penetration into the ground of a pointed stee! cone. The equipment and procedure shall be as described in Part 9, Clause 3.1. The capacity of the equipment shall suit scheduled depths unless otherwise stated in Schedule 1.13. A continuous electric recording of the cone resistance, the skin friction of the sleeve and the porewater pressure at the tip shall be obtained. Information to be submitted: 1. The information submitted shall be as described in Part 9, Clause 3.1.6. 2, Inaddition the dimensions of probe head including diameter and cone angle, and an estimation of soil types shall be submitted 83.1.3 Dynamic probing (DPH or DPSH) Equipment and procedure: 1, The equipment and procedure shall be as described in Part 9, Clause 3.2 2. The type of probing apparatus shall be as described in Schedule 1.13. Information to be submitted: ‘The information to be submitted shall be as described in Part 9, Clause 3.2.5. August 1997 silChapter 8 In Situ Testing 8.3.1.4 Standard penetration test (SPT) Equipment and procedure: ‘The test equipment and procedure shall be as described in Part 9, paragraph 3.3. The drive hammer shall be of the type incorporating an automatic trip mechanism to ensure free fal. 2. When tests are performed in coarse granular soils the driving shoe of the split barrel sampler shall be replaced by a solid 60 degree cone, or the split barrel sampler with solid cone may be replaced by an identically dimensioned solid test rod. 3. Where required by the Engineer these tests shall be extended to record ‘N’ values to a maximum. of 100 blows, 4. Where a solid cone is used or where no soil is recovered in the split sampler, a bulk disturbed sample shall be obtained from the position of the test. Information to be submitted: 1. The information to be submitted shall be as described in Part 9, paragraph 3.3.5 2. In addition the following information shall be submitted. (a) The number of blows for each successive 75 mm penetration or penetration produced by amaximum of 100 blows. (b) Information on added water. 8.3.1.5 Plate loading test Equipment and procedure: 1. The equipment, procedure and information to be submitted shall be as described in Part 9, Clause 4.1, except as detailed below: 2. The test shall be carried out in a trial pit carefully excavated to the depth stated in Schedule 1.13 and shall be of sufficient plan area to accommodate the specified size of plate. The sides of the excavation shall be supported where necessary. The test area and apparatus should be protected against weather effects, 3. The test plate shall be carefully bedded onto the soil to be tested using sand/cement mortar, or quick setting gypsum plaster. 4. The diameter of the plate, maximum load to be applied and the method of loading are detailed in Schedule 1.13. 5. Inthe case of incremental load tests the load shall be applied and maintained until movement of the plate has ceased or has slowed to a rate not exceeding that stated in Schedule 1.13, or until continual settlement denoting failure has occurred. Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 6. The movement of the plate under load shall be measured by not less than three dial gauges capable of reading to 0.02 mm. The gauges shall be attached to a rigid reference beam stipported ‘on a stable base which is not influenced by the load test. For incremental plate load tests the plate dial readings shall be taken at %, Ys, 1,2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes and 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours after the application of the load, unless otherwise stated in the Contract. For constant rate of penetration plate tests the applied load shall be recorded at equal time intervals detailed in Schedule 1.13. Information to be submitted: 1. The information to be submitted shall be as described in Part 9, Clause 4.1.8. 2, Inaddition the following information shall be submitted. (a) Location of test. (b) Description of soil at test depth. (©) Plate displacement dial gauge readings (individual and average) at times given in sub-paragraph 7 above for each increment of incremental loading, (4) Applied load at times given in sub- paragraph 7 above for each constant rate of penetration test. 3. The results of the tests shall be presented graphically as follows: for incremental loading (a) average settlement (mm) against time (mins); (b) total average settlement (mm) against pressure under plate (kN/m?); for constant rate of penetration tests: (©) average penetration (mm) against pressure under plate (KN/m?) 4. Arrecord of air temperature at the test site during the period of the test. 8.3.1.6 Insitu California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Equipment and procedure: 1, The equipment and procedure shall be as Described in Part 9, Clause 4.3 2. After the penetration test has been completed, a sample of the soil (approx 350 gm weight) shall be taken immediately below the penetrated surface and its moisture content determined in accordance with Part 2, Clause 3 Information to be submitted: August 1997Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 1, The information to be submitted shall be as described in Part 9, Clause 4.3.6. 8.3.1.7 In situ vane shear strength Equipment and procedure: 1, The equipment and procedure shall be to the approval of the Engineer and as described in Part 9, Clause 4.4. An apparatus in which the torque is applied through a worm and pinion mechanism shall be used. 2. Where vane tests are being performed close to the position of a previously excavated exploratory hole the distance from the test position to the perimeter of the previous hole shall be not less than 1.5 m measured from the perimeters of the holes. 3. After the peak vane shear strength has been determined, the vane shall be rotated through at least five revolutions. The test shall then be repeated in order to determine the remoulded shear strength 4. Fortests in borings or trial pits a small disturbed sample representative of the ground from where the test was performed shall be obtained. Information to be submitted: 1. The information submitted shall be as described in Part 9, Clause 4.4.6. 2. Inaddition the following information shall be submitted (a) Peak and remoulded vane shear strengths in kN/m? expressed to two significant figures. (b) Dimensions of the vane and relevant constants. (©) Maximum reading of torque scale in degrees, (@) Time taken to reach maximum torque. (©) The sensitivity of the soil. 8.3.1.8 In situ apparent resistivity test juipment and procedure ‘The Contractor shall carry out resistivity tests on ‘undisturbed ground in trial pits or other locations as directed by the Engineer. 2. The equipment and procedure shall be as described in Part 9, Clause 5.1 Information to be submitted: 1. The information to be submitted shall be as described in Part 9, Clause 5.1.5 2. Inaddition the following information shall be submitted: Chapter 8 In Situ Testing (a) Location of each test site (b) The orientation of electrodes (©) The actual resistance measured 8.3.1.9 In situ redox potential test Equipment and procedure: 1. The Contractor shall measure the in situ redox potential of the undisturbed ground in trial pits or other locations as directed by the Engineer, by ‘measuring the potential of a platinum electrode with respect to a saturated calomel reference electrode. 2. The equipment and procedure shall be as described in Part 9, Clause 5.2 Information to be submitted: The information to be submitted shall be as described in Part 9, Clause 5.2.5. 8.4 Tests in accordance with BS 5930 ‘The following in situ tests shall be carried out and. reported in accordance with BS 5930: (1) Constant head permeability test (2) Variable head permeability test. (3) Packer permeability tes. 8.4.1 Tests 8.4.1.1 Constant head permeability test Equipment and procedure: 1, The Contractor shall carry out constant head permeability tests in standpipes or standpipe piezometers and exploratory holes as required by the Engineer. The Contractor shall demonstrate that the results obtained in each test are reproducible. 2. The apparatus for the constant head test shall consist of an arrangement of the following, apparatus which shall be approved by the Engineer: (i) A suitable reservoir to maintain a constant head of water, with a minimum surface area of 0,75 square metre. Gi) A suitable approved system to maintain constant head during flow measurements ii) A suitable connecting tube with leakproof joints between the constant head reservoir, the measuring devices, and the cased borehole or piezometer. 3, All measuring devices shall be adequately protected against changes in temperature. 4, The head of water shall be applied in the minimum time possible, The flow shall be August 1997Chapter 8 In Situ Testing Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification recorded at sufficient time intervals to obtain a representative plot of flow against IAT where t denotes time. Information to be submitted: 1, Hole location and number. 2. Ground level 3. Soil and/or rock profile. 4, Type of piezometer and permeability of tip (if applicable). 5. Groundwater table before test. 6. Diameter of hole. 7. Depth to base of hole or bottom of piezometer filter. 8. Depth to base of casing or top of piezometer filter. 9. Quality of water used, eg fresh water, sea water ete. 10, Excess head of water applied by apparatus. 11, Method used to determine flow. 12. Plot of flow against 1Af. 13. Value of coefficient of permeability of material tested reported in m/sec together with calculations. 84.1.2. Variable head permeability test Equipment and procedure: 1. The Contractor shall carry out falling head or rising head tests in standpipe and standpipe piezometers and exploratory holes as required by the Engineer. The Contractor shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Engineer that the results obtained in each test are reproducible. 2. In falling head tests the water level in each hole, standpipe or piezometer shall be raised by adding water to a level agreed by the Engineer. It may be necessary to raise the water level above the ground surface and sufficient length of casing or tubing shall be provided to project above ground level 3. Inrising head tests, the water level in each hole, standpipe or piezometer shall first be lowered by baling to a level agreed by the Engineer. The water level shall be recorded at 10 second intervals during the early stages of the test and at, less frequent intervals in the later stages in order that a representative record of the fall or rise in the water level relative to time can be obtained. Information to be submitted 1. Hole location and number. 2. Ground level 3. Soil and/or rock profile. 4, Type of piezometer and permeability of tip (if applicable) Groundwater table before test. Diameter of hole. Depth to base of hole or bottom of piezometer filter 8, Depth to base of casing or top of piezometer filter, 9. Quality of water used, eg fresh water, sea water, etc. 10, Level of water at start of test. II. Level of water at end of test. 12, Plot of head of water divided by initial head of water (log scale) against time. 13, Value of coefficient of permeability of material tested reported in m/sec together with calculations. sae 8.4.1.3 Packer permeability test Equipment and procedure ‘The equipment and procedure shall be in accordance with BS5930, Clause 21.5. 2. The Contractor shall perform Packer tests at selected depths in selected rotary drill holes as required by the Engineer. Tests may be required in which packers are used individually or in pairs and will necessitate the injection of clean water. ‘The Contractor shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Engineer that an effective seal has been obtained with each packer and that a steady flow rate has been attained at every stage in any test. Each test shall comprise not less than three equally spaced increments of head and two decrements of head which shall be agreed with the Engineer. The results of all tests shall be presented graphically. 3. The Contractor shall allow for the provision of a suitable monitoring system for water flows not exceeding 0.3 litres/second and suitable ‘monitoring system for flows not exceeding 30 litres/second, a gauge suitable for pressures not exceeding 200 kPa and an approved pump and hydraulic system, The length of any packer shall not be less than 1.0 m. The Contractor will be required to test strata of varying thicknesses, which will necessitate variable test lengths between packers Information to be submitted: 1. Location and reference number of hole in which the test is performed. Depth to the upper packer. ‘Spacing of packers. Length of packers. Inflation pressure of packers, ‘Three readings of the steady flow rate at 5 min 8/4 August 1997Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification intervals per test pressure 7. Check readings on the apparatus, made to prove the seal of the packers during the test. 8. Calibration data for test equipment. 9. — Quality of water used, eg fresh water, sea water, etc. 10, Level of water at start of test. 11, Level of water at end of test. 12. Plot of head of water divided by initial head of water (log scale) against time. 13. Value of coefficient of permeability of material tested reported in m/sec together with calculations. 8.5 Other routine in situ tests ‘The following in situ tests shall be carried out and reported in accordance with the details given below: () Hand dynamic probing (2) Hand penetrometer for shear strength (3) Hand penetrometer for CBR 8.5.1 Tests 8.5.1.1 Hand Dynamic Probing Equipment and procedure: ‘The hand probing equipment shall be 25mm nominal diameter such as the Mackintosh Boring and Prospecting Tool of similar approved as fit for the purpose. Information to be submitted: 1, Dynamic probing daily report as required by specification clauses 10.1 and 10.2, 2. Dynamic probing logs as required by specification clauses 12.1 and 12.2. 3. Dimensions of probe head, including diameter and cone angle. 4, Weight of hammer, drop height and method of operation. 8.5.1.2 Hand Penetrometer for Shear Strength Equipment and procedure: 1. Hand penetrometer tests shall be carried out where required to give a preliminary estimate of ‘undrained shear strength of the soil tested. 2. Hand (or pocket) penetrometer equipment shall be of an approved proprietary make with stainless steel tip of end area 31mm? with an engraved penetration line 6mm from the tip. The scale shall be suitably graduated. The procedure for the test shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. 3. The reported shear strengths for the hand Chapter 8 In Situ Testing penetrometer shall be the average of 3 tests in close proximity. Tests giving inconsistent results shall be reported and comments on the relevance of the tests noted Information to be submitted: 1, Location of test 2. Depth of test or sample details 3. Unconfined compressive strength 4, Estimated shear strength. 8.5.1.3 Hand Penetrometer for CBR (Vicksburg or MEXE) Equipment and procedure: 1. Hand penetrometer tests shall be carried out where indicated by the Engineer, 2. The equipment shall be a penetrometer of a type recognised or proved by demonstration to be fit for the purpose with a CBR cone 3. The procedure for the tests shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Information to be submitted: 1. A description of the test location ‘The CBR values of the soil tested Type of hand penetrometer used 8.6 Geophysical methods of investigation 8.6.1 The requirements for geophysical testing are described in Schedule 1.13. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a full description of equipment and procedure for each geophysical method required. 8.6.2. ‘The equipment and procedure, and information to be submitted for the following land geophysical methods of investigation, shall be as described in BS 5930, BS 7022, the Geological Society Engineering Group Working Party Report on Engineering Geophysics and Schedule 1.13. Electrical resistivity method, Seismic refraction and reflection methods Magnetic method. Gravity method Electromagnetic methods (a) _ ground electrical conductivity (b) transient electromagnetic (©) ground probing radar. Borehole geophysical logging. Cross-hole and down-hole seismic method, Echo-sounding (marine geophysics only). Continuous seismic reflection profiling (marine ‘geophysics only). 10, _ Side scan sonar (marine geophysics only). August 1997 8/5Chapter 8 In Situ Testing Volume 5 Section 3 Part 4 Specification 8.6.3. Other geophysical investigation techniques may be required, such as infra-red thermographic surveys for investigation of potentially contaminated land. 8.7 Special in situ testing Special in situ testing shall be carried out as described in Schedule 1.13. 8.8 Self-boring pressuremeter 8.8.1 The requirements for pressuremeter testing are described in Schedule 1.13 8.8.2 The equipment, procedure and information to be submitted shall be as described in Appendix 3 unless otherwise specified in Schedule 1.13. 89 Gas concentrations using a portable gas meter 8.9.1 The Contractor shall carry out in situ measurements of gas concentration in gas monitoring standpipes and during the advancement of those exploratory holes designated in Schedule 2. Where ‘measurements are required during the advancement of exploratory holes these shall be at Im intervals over the depth range specified in Schedule 2, or as otherwise directed by the Engineer. 8.9.2 Measurements taken in gas monitoring standpipes shall be taken by an environmental scientist meeting the requirements of clause 2.2 item (d). Measurements during the advancement of exploratory holes shall be taken by a person experienced in the use of the appropriate specialised equipment. 8.9.3 Concentrations of the following gases shall be measured: 8.9.4 The equipment shall be capable of measuring gas, concentrations to the following degrees of accuracy: GAS TYPE UNITS |DEGREE OF} ACCURACY %OLEL 10 Flammable Gases uly ol Hydrogen Sulphide | ppm 05 Carbon Dioxide Soul on Oxygen uly On 8.9.5 The selection of equipment and the method of testing shall be in accordance with the guidance given in Sections 7, 8, 9 and 10 of CIRIA Report 131 (CIRIA 1993). 8.9.6 Gas concentration measurements in gas ‘monitoring standpipes shall be undertaken in association ‘with measurements of barometric pressure, differential pressure, gas emission rate and gas sampling as specified in clause 9.11.3. 8.9.7 The information to be submitted shall be: (a) location and reference number of hole () depth of gas concentration measurement (©) weather conditions during gas concentration measurement @ installation details (eg depth of casing, pit Flammable Gases supports, etc) Carn Dine (©) depth to water a (© equipment used (© operator name and responsibility (b) gas concentrations in the units described in clause 8.9.4, 816 August 1997