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Annotated Chem

The document discusses the principles of conservation of mass, chemical formulas, subscripts, and coefficients in balanced chemical equations. Conservation of mass states that the total mass remains constant before and after a chemical reaction. Chemical formulas use symbols and subscripts to represent the types and proportions of atoms in a compound. Coefficients in balanced equations ensure the same number of atoms on each side and represent molar ratios of reactants and products.

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13 views1 page

Annotated Chem

The document discusses the principles of conservation of mass, chemical formulas, subscripts, and coefficients in balanced chemical equations. Conservation of mass states that the total mass remains constant before and after a chemical reaction. Chemical formulas use symbols and subscripts to represent the types and proportions of atoms in a compound. Coefficients in balanced equations ensure the same number of atoms on each side and represent molar ratios of reactants and products.

Uploaded by

turianoconnor
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Conservation of Mass: This is a fundamental principle in chemistry that states that the total

mass of substances in a closed system remains constant before and after a chemical reaction.
In other words, atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction; they are
merely rearranged.
Chemical Formula: A chemical formula is a symbolic representation of a chemical compound,
showing the types and proportions of atoms that make up that compound. It typically consists of
element symbols and numerical subscripts.
Subscript: In a chemical formula, subscripts are small numbers written to the right and below the
element symbols. They indicate the number of atoms of each element in a molecule or formula
unit. For example, in H2O, the subscript "2" indicates that there are two hydrogen atoms in each
molecule of water.
Coefficient: In a balanced chemical equation, coefficients are the numbers placed in front of
chemical formulas to balance the equation by ensuring that the same number of atoms of each
element are present on both sides of the equation. These coefficients represent the relative
molar ratios of reactants and products in the reaction.
1. 2H2+O2→2H20
2. 2 H2+Cl2→2HCl
3. 4Na+O2→2Na2O
4. N2+3H2→2SNh3
5. CH4+2O2→CO2+2H2O
6. 2NO+O2→2NO2
7. 2Fe+3Cl2→2FeCl3
8. 2CH3OH+3O2→2CO2+4H2O
The pattern observed in balanced equations is that the total number of atoms before the
reaction (reactant atoms) should be equal to the total number of atoms after the reaction
(product atoms). This pattern is consistent with the principle of conservation of mass, which
means that mass is conserved during a chemical reaction because no atoms are created or
destroyed. The answer to question 1 explains the conservation of mass because it
demonstrates that the total number of atoms remains the same before and after the reaction.
This supports the idea that mass is conserved, as no mass is lost or gained during the
rearrangement of atoms. In reaction #4 (ammonia, NH3), the coefficient "2" in front of NH3
indicates that two moles of ammonia molecules are produced in the reaction. Each molecule of
ammonia consists of one nitrogen (N) atom and three hydrogen (H) atoms. a. The coefficient "2"
tells us that for every one mole of reactants, two moles of ammonia are produced. b. The
subscripts on the nitrogen and hydrogen in NH3 tell us that each ammonia molecule contains
one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms. c. The sums of coefficients do not have to equal
each other in a reaction because they represent the relative ratios of reactants and products.
The coefficients are adjusted to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is balanced
on both sides of the equation. Different reactions may require different coefficients to achieve
this balance.

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