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Sound Vs Noise

Sound and noise explanation

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40 views4 pages

Sound Vs Noise

Sound and noise explanation

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sebasanctum
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962 Volume-5, Issue-2, April-2015 International Journal of Engineering and Management Research Page Number: 410-413 Study of Different Types of Noise and Its Effects in Communication Systems ‘Shadhen Chandra Mohonta!, M Firoj Ali?, Md. Golam Sadeque! +2 3Lecturer, Dept of EEE, PUST, BANGLADESH ABSTRACT ‘This paper represents the classification of noise and ite effects, Electrical disturbances interfere with signal, producing noise, Noize can be defined as an unwanted signal ‘that interferes with the communication or mearurement of another signal. A. noite iteef is a signal that conveys information regarding the source of the noise. It is even present and limits the performance of communication and ‘measurement systems-Therefore the removal of the effects of, noize has been at the core of the theory and practice of ‘communications and signal processing. Keywords Noise quantities, Signalto-Noise Ratio, Noise Figure, Noise Temperature. I INTRODUCTION With reference to an electrical system, noise may be defined as any unwanted form of energy which tends to interfere with proper reception and reproduction of wanted signal. Many disturbances of an electrical nature produce noise i receivers, modifying the signal in an unwanted manner. In radio receivers, noise may produce hiss in the loudspeakers output. In television receivers ‘suow" or ‘confetti’ (Colored snow) becomes superimposed on the picture. In pulse communication systems, noise may produce unwanted pulses or perhaps cancel out the wanted ‘ones. It may cause serious mathematical errors. Noise can limit the range of systems, for a given transmitted power Itaffects the sensitivity of receivers, by placing a limit on the weakest signals that can be amplified. It may sometimes even force a reduction in the bandwidth of a system, I. CLASSIFICATION OF NOISE = [ere] ina Yo] { t L [keel [Vaenadeor Nase | Nae | [desi Nie a a ican) [See Noe | rami) Wiener be | [nk ase Estemal noise cannot be reduced except by changing the location of the receiver or the entire system. Internal noise on the other hand can be easily evaluated mathematically and can be reduced to a great extent by proper design As already said, because of the fact that smtemal noise can be reduced to a great extent, study of noise characteristics is a very important part of the ‘communication engineering. I. EXTERNAL NOISE ‘The noise whose sources are extemal to the receiver come under heading of external noise and include atmospheric noise and extraterrestrial noise and man-made of industrial noise, 3.1 Atmospheric Noise ‘Atmospheric noise or static is caused by lighting ischarges in thunderstorms and other natucal electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere. These electrical impulses are random in natuce. Hence the energy is spread ‘over the complete frequency spectrum used for radio ‘communication. Atmospheric noise accordingly consists of at Copyright © 2011-15. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved. spurious radio signals with components spread over a wide ‘requency range, Itis propagated over the earth inthe same ‘way as the desired radio waves of the same frequencies, so that a given receiving point, the receiving antenna picks up not only the signal but also the static ffom all the thunderstorms, local ot remote The field strength of atmospheric noise varies apprasimately inversely with the frequency. Thus large atmospheric noise is generated in Tow and medium frequency (broadcast) bands while very litle noise is generated in the VHF and UHF bands. Further VHF and UHF components of aoise are limited to the line-of-sight (less than about 80 Km) propagation. For these two-reasons, the atmospheric noise becomes less severe at Frequencies exceeding abot 30MEZ 42 Extraterrestrial Noise ‘There are numerous types of extraterrestrial noise oF space noises depending on thew sources. However, these may be put int following two subgroups. Solar Noise:Thiss the electrical noise emanating from the sun, Under quite conditions, there isa steady radiation of noise from the sua. This results because sun isa large body at a very high temperature (exceeding 6000°C on the surface), and radiates electrical energy in the form of noise over a very wide frequency spectrum including the spectrum used for radio communication. The intensity produced by the sun varies with time, In fact, the sua has a fepeating 11-Year noise cycle. During the peak of the cyele, the sum produces some amount of noise that causes tremendous radio signal interference, making many ‘requencies uausable for communications. Cosmic moise:Distant stars are also sums and have high temperatures. These stars, therefore, radiate noise in the same way as our sun. The noise received from these distant stars is thermal noise (er black body noise) and is

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