I have done (present perfect 1) He las cleaned lis shoes (= his shoes are clean now) LLL tir ) ‘They are at home They are going out. They have gone out. (= they are not at home tow) B has cleaned / have gone etc. is the present perfect (have + past participle): past participle L . cleaned i cleaned: we | have (‘ve) finished have {8° | finished? | } regular verbs you [ have not (haven’t) | started you | started? they lost they _| lost? Va done 5 done? i si has (’s) yieees, has ie been! irregular verbs has not (hasn’) | gone : gone? Regular verbs: The past participle is -ed (che same as the past simple): clean Ihave cleaned finish 3 we have finished start - she has started Irregular verbs: The past participle is sometimes the same as the past simple and sometimes different (= Appendix 2-3), For example the same: buy I bought / I have bought have — he had / he has had different: break +> L broke / I have broken see = you saw / you have seen fall — it fell / it has fallen go — they went / they have gone C We use the present perfect for an action in the past with a result now: @ [ve lost my passport. (= I can’t find my passport now) @ ‘Where's Linda?” ‘She’s gone to bed.’ (= she is in bed now) © We've bought a new car. (= we have a new car now) @ Ics Rachel’s birthday tomorrow and I haven’t bought her a present. ° ° “Bob is on holiday’ ‘Oh, where has he gone?" an I take this newspaper? Have you finished with it? [38] present perfect => AIEEE) present perfect and pastsimple => IME] regu verbs => REIN E15.4 “15.2 EXERCISES Look at the pictures. What has happened? Choose from: UNIT 15 goto bed cleanhischees stopraining close the door falldown have a bath before now 1 He has cleaned his shoes. 3 She 3s They , It He 6 | A The LS Complete the sentences with a verb from the list. break buy decide finish forget go go invite see not/see take 1 ‘Can Ihave this newspaper?” ‘Yes, I'Ne.finished. with it! 21 some new shoes. Do you want to see them? 3. ‘Where is Liz?” ‘She socom OEE 4 I'm looking for Paula, you her? 5 Look! Somebody that window, 6 ‘Does Lisa know that you're going away?” ‘Yes, I her? 7 Ican't find my umbrella, Somebody ir, 8 I'm looking for Sarah, Where she ad ? 9 I know that woman but I her name. 10. Suc is having a party tonight. She a lot of people. 11 Whatare you going to do? you 2 12 ‘Where are my glasses?’ ‘I don’t know. I them. tell (39lve just... I've already... I haven’t... yet (present perfect 2) A pve just just =a short time ago © A: Are Diane and Paul here? B: Yes, they’ve just arrived. @ A: Are you hungry? B: No, Pve just had dinner. @ A: Is Tom here? B: No, I’m aftaid he’s just gone. ‘They have just arrived. (= he has just gone) B pve already ... already = before you expected / before I expected @ A: What time are Diane and Paul coming? B: They've already arrived. (= before you expected) © Irs only nine o’clock and Ann has already gone to bed. (= before I expected) © A: John, this is Mary. B: Yes, [ know. We've already met. C haven't ... yet / Have you ... yet? yet = until now You can use yet in negative sentences and questions, Yet is usually at the end yet in negative sentences © A: Are Diane and Paul here? B: No, they haven’t arrived yet. (but B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon) © A: Does John know that you're going away? B: No, [haven't told him yet. (but B is going to tell him soon) © Margaret has bought a new dress but she hasn't worn it yet. yet in questions: @ A: Have Diane and Paul arrived yet? B: No, not yet. We're still waiting for them. © A: Has Linda started her new job yet? B: No, she starts next week © A: This is my new dress B: Oh, it’ nice, Have you worn it yet? [40] prevent perfect > [IENEREZS) 9 word onler> PIER] still, yet anc already => ITED16.2 16.3 16.4 EXERCISES Write a sentence with just for each picture. 4 The race Complete the sentences. Use already + present perfect * 1 What time is Paul arriving? 2.| Do Sue and Bill want to see the film? 3 Don't forget to phone Tom. 4 When is Martin going awa 5 | Do you want to read the newspaper? 6 | When does Linda start her new job? Write a sentence with just (They've just haven't... yet /She hasn't... yet etc.). /She's just ... etc.) or a negative sentence with yet (They T ~ a fow a few ities ago imines ago Ghe / go / out) {che bus / go) ‘She hasn't gone out yet. now a few minutes ago. (the bus / go) afew tuntites ago | nitnutes ago (he / open / it) (they / finish /their dinner) witnutes 0 {it / stop / raining) Write questions with yet. 1 Your friend has got a new job. Perhaps she has started it. You ask her: Have you started. your, new, job yet? 2. Your friend has some new neighbours. Perhaps he has met them. You ask him you 3. Your friend must write a letter. Perhaps she has written it now, You ask her: 4 ‘Tom was trying to sell his car. Perhaps he has sold it now. You ask a friend about Tom:rr ui §6©Have you ever ... ? (present perfect 3) Have you been to Rome? <”"Fiave youwever am bee been en to apa i me 2 We use the present perfect (have been / have had / have played cic.) when we tall about a time from the past until now — for example, a person's life: ‘Yes, [ have. Many tim No, P've never been to Japan. _ HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO JAPAN? ———— ime from the past until now past Now @ ‘Have you been to France?” (it your life) ‘No, I haven’t? @ I've been to Canada but I haven't been to the United States, @ Mary is an interesting person, She has had many different jobs and has places @ Pve seen that woman before but I can’e remember where. How many times has Brazil won the World Cup? “Have you read this book?” “Yes, P've read it twice’ (twice = two times) ived in many B _ present perfect + ever (in. questions) and never @ ‘Has Ann ever been to Australia?” “Yes, once? (oni @ ‘Have you ever played golf” “Yes, | often play golf? @ My mother has never travelled by sir. @ I've never ridden a horse. @ ‘Who is that man? ‘I don’t know. ve never seen him before? one time) C gone and been ai io weeks later Seen ea fo.) a He's away: aia I've been He’s gone on holiday. I've fr been to Spain. Bill has gone to Spain. Bill has been to Spain. ILL (= he is in Spain now) {= he went to Spain butt now he is hack) Compare: © can't find Susan, Where has she gone? (= Where is she now?) @ Oh, hello Susan! I was looking for you. Where have you been? 2] present perfect EREERTTIPT prevent perfect and past simpleWwW Aov 11.2 173 14 EXERCISES You are asking Helen questions beginning Have you ever ... ? Write the questions. 1 [ (London?) , Have, you. exer, been te London? No, never, 2 | (play / golf2) Have you ever played. golf? Yes, many times, 3 | (Australia?) Have a | | No, never, 4 | dose / your passport?) Yes, once. 5 | (fy / ina helicopter?) 6 7 8 a (eat / Chinese food?) (New York?) (drive / a bus?) No, never, (break / your leg?) Yes, once Write sentences about Helen. (Look at her answers in Exercise 17.1.) New York) Helen has been. to New. York twice. 1d 2 (Australia) Helen 3. (Chinese food) 4 (drive / a bus) Now write about yourself. How often have you done these things? 5 (New York) I 6 (play / tennis) 7 (fly / ina helicopter) 8 (be / late for work or school) Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. What has she done? have be allover the world a lot of interesting things do write many-diferentjebs a lot of interesting people travel ten books married three times She, has had. many different. jobs. Put in gone or been. 1_Billis on holiday at the moment. He’ gOM®... co Spain. 2 ‘Where’ Jill?” “She's not here. I think she’s to the bank? 3 Hello, Sue. Where have you ? Have you to the bank? 4 “Have you ever to Mexico?” ‘No, never? 5. My parents aren’t at home this evening, They've out 6 There’sa new restaurant in town. Have you toit? 7 Ann knows Paris well. She's there many times 8 Helen was here earlier but I think she’ now.UNIT st: =How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4) A. jitlis on holiday in Ireland. She is there now. She arrived in Ireland on Monday. Today is Thursday. How long has she been in Ireland? since Monday. She has been in Ireland | Fr tices days Compare is and has been: She is in Teelanid now. is = present le aq | since Monday. Shc has been ia Telind | For three dave i has been = present perfect Monday Now Thursday B Compare: present simple present perfect simple (have been/have lived/have known 1c: Mark and Liz are married. ‘They have been married for five years. (not “They are married for five years.) Are you married? How long have you been married? (not ‘How long are you married?’) Do you know Sarah? How long have you known her? (not ‘How long do you know her?) [know Sarah P've known her for a long time. (uot ‘T know her for ..2) Linda lives in London. How long has she lived in London? She has lived there all her life. Ihave a car How long have you had your car? Dve had it since April. present continous present perfect continuous (have been + ing) Pm learning German. How long have you been learning German? (aot “How long are you learning German?’) I've been learning German for two years. David is watching TV. How long has he been watching TV? He’s been (= He has been) watching TV since 5 o'clock. Is raining. It’s been (= It has been) raining all day. [44] for and since = [EEE18.3 ~18.4 EXERCISES 18 Complete these sentences. 1 Jill is in hospital. She 2S. been... in hospital since Monday. 2 Tknow Sarah, [Have known. . her fora long time. 3 Linda and Frank are married, They married since 1989. 4 Brian sill. He ill for the last few days. 5. We live in Scott Road. We there for ten years. 6 Catherine works in a bank, She ina bank for five years. 7 Alan has a headache. He aheadache since he got up this morning 8 I'm learning English. 1 English for six months, Make questions with How long Jill is on holiday. How long has. she. been on holiday, > Mike and Judy are in Brazil. How long Tknow Margare! How long you Diana is learning Iealian My brother li waueene I'ma teacher. Its maining Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Your sentence must end with one of these: for ten minutes all day all her life forten-years since he was 20 since Sunday 1 They have. been married. for ten years. 2 She 3 They 4 The sun 5 She 6 He Which is right? 1 Markis/ has been in Canada since April, has been is right 2 Jane is a good friend of mine. [ know / have known her very well. 3 Jane is a good friend of mine. I know / have known her for a long time. 4 “Sorry I’m late. How long are you / have you been waiting” ‘Not long. Only five minutes. 5. Martin works / h: ed in a hotel now. He likes his job very much. 6 Linda is reading d paper. She is / has been reading it for two hours. 7 8 ‘How long do you live / have you lived in this house?’ ‘About ten years? Thave / “Is thata new coat? "Ni dd this coat for a long time? 9 Tom is / has been in Spa . He is / has been there for the last three days. 145ry 19 [46] for since ago for and since We use for and since to say how fong: for three days. ¢ Jill is in Ireland, She has been there { ea We use for + a period of time (three days / We use since + the start of the period two years et): (Monday / 9 0’clock etc.) start of Monday —> Tuesday —> Wednesday ie pio <—— for three days ———> — since Monday —> Monday past Now past Now for since three days ten minutes Monday ‘Wednesday an hour two hours 9 o'clock 12.30 a week four weeks 24 July Christmas a month six months January T was ten years old five years a long time 1985 we arrived © Richard has been in Canada for six @ Richard has been in Canada since months, (vot ‘since six months’) January. (= from January to now) @ We've been waiting for two hours. © We've been waiting since 9 o’clock. (not ‘since two hours’) = from 9 o'clock to now) @ I've lived in London for a long time. @ [ve lived in London since T was ten years old. ago ago = before now @ Susan started her new job three weeks ago. (= three weeks before now) @ ‘When did Tom go out?” “Ten minutes ago. (= ten minutes before now) @ Thad dinner an hour ago. @ Life was very different a hundred years ago. We use ago with the past (started /did/had/was etc) Compare ago and for: © When did Jill arrive in Ireland? She arrived in Ireland three days ago. @ How long has she been in Ireland? She has been in Ireland for three days. present perfect + for/since => from/until/since/for => for and during =19.1 19.4 UNIT EXERCISES 1 oy Write for or since. 1 Jill has been in Ireland S&ee... Monday. 2 Jill has been in Ireland fr... three days, 3. My aunt has lived in Australia 15 years, 4 Margaret is in her office. She has been there 7 o'clock 5. India has been an independent County ..rnonmesn 1947. 6 ‘The bus is late. We've been waiting 20) minutes. 7 Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years 8. Mike has been ill «long time. He has been in hospital October. Answer these questions. Use ago. 1 When was your last meal? Three hours ago. 2 When was the last time you were ill? 3 When did you last go to the cinema? 4 When was the last time you were in a car? 5 When was the last time you went on holiday? Complete the sentences. Use the words in brackets (...) + for or ago. 1 Jill arrived in Ireland tree days ago. (three days) 2 Jill has been in Ireland for.Horee, daus.... (three days) 3 Linda and Frank have been married 20 years) 4 Linda and Frank got married zs (20 years) 5 Dan arrived (ten minutes) 6 We had lunch 7 Silvia has been learning En: (six months) 8 Have you known Lisa (along time) 9 I bought these shoes (a few days) (av hour) Complete the sentences with for or since. 1. Jillis in Ireland now. She arrived there three days ago. She has. been there. for three days. 2. Jack is here. He arrived here on Tuesday. He has 3 Its raining, It started an hour ago. It's been 4 [know Sue. | first met Sue two years ago. I've T bought it in 1989. I've vs 6 They are married. They got married six months ago. They've 7 Liz is studying medicine at university. She started three years ago. She has Dave plays the piano. He started when he was seven years old. Dave has. oo Write sentences about yourself. Begin with the words in brackets (. 1 (ve lived) 2 (I've been) 3. (I've been learning) 4 5 (ve known) (I've had)[48] | have done (present perfect) and Id id (past simple) past simple + finished time erday. last week at 3 o'clock in 1991. six months ago. ‘We arrived A With a finished tine (yesterday / last week ct.), we use the past (arrived/saw/was ete): finished time yesterday last week six months ago past Now Do tot use the present perfect (have arrived / have done / have been etc.) with a finished time: © I saw Paula yesterday. (wot ‘I have seen’) © Where were you on Sunday afternoon? (10! “Where have you been’) © We didn’t have a holiday last year. (not “We haven't had’) © “What did you do last night?” ‘I stayed at home? © William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. He was a writer. He wrote many plays and poems. Use the past simple to ask When, Compare: present perfect © [have lost my key. (= Lean find it now) © Bill has gone home. ( he isn't here now) © Have you seen Ann? (= where is she now?) time untitnow . ? or What time ... ?: © When did they arrive? (uot ‘When have they arriv past simple © [lost my key last week, © Bill went home ten minutes ago © Did you see Ann on Saturday? finished time |_| “past wow © Have you ever been to Spain? (Ein your life, until now) © My friend is a writer. He has written many books © The letter hasn’t arrived yet. © We've lived in Singapore for six yea (= we live there now) pascsimple > PTEETEPY present perfect > [EEESTI past Now © Did you go to Spain last year? © Shakespeare wrote many plays and poems. © The letter didn’t arrive yesterday. © We lived in Glasgow for six years but now we live in Singapore.unni EXERCISES mw 20.1 Use the words in brackets (...) to answer the questions. I~ Zl 1 Have you seen Ann? (5 minutes ago) | ..Y¢s,.! saw her. 5 minutes ago. 2. | Have you started your new job? last week) | Yes, I last week, 3 Have your friends arrived? (at5 o'clock) | Yes, they 4 Has Sarah gone away? (on Friday) | Yes, 5 | Have you worn your new shoes? (yesterday) | Yes, 20.2 Right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong, (The verbs are und ) 1. Eve lost my key. I can’t find it. RIGHT, 2. Have you seen Ann yesterday? WRONG... Did. you. see, 3. [ve finished my work at 2 o'clock. 4 Pm ready now. I've finished my work. 5 What time have you finished your work? 6 Sue isn’t here. She’ gone out. 7 Jim's grandmother has died in 1989, 8 Where have you been last night? 20.3 Put the verb in the present perfect or past simple. 1 My friend is a writer. He Nas. written (write) many books. 2 We didn’t have. (not/have) a holiday last year. 31 (play) tennis yesterday afternoon 4 What time {you/go) to bed last night? 5 (you/ever/meet) a famous person? 6 The weather. sec {not/be) very good yesterday. 7 My hairis wet. 1 (just/wash) it 81 (wash) my hair before breakfast this morning. 9 Kathy travels a Jot. She wes (visit) many countries, 10 ‘Is Sonia here?” ‘No, she (not/come) yet! 20.4 Put the verb in the present perfect or past simple. 1 A: Have. you ever been (you/ever/be) | 3. Rose works in a factory. She to Florida? (work) there for six B: Yes, we ...Went... (go) there on holiday months. Before that she two years ago. (be) a waitress in a restaurant, She A (you/have) (work) there for ewo a good time? years but sh B: Yes, it (be) great (not/enjoy) it very much. 2 A: Where's Alan? 4A: Do you know Martin's sister? (you/see) him? Br Donon Gee) hera few B: Yes, he (go) outa times but [ few minutes ago. (never/speak) to her. A: And Julia? (you/ever/speak) to her? B: [ don't know: I bs MeaTnta (meet) her (not/see) her. ata party last week. She's very nice. {4