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453 views15 pagesProject Report On Transformer
Uploaded by
dtomar222024Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 15
PHYSICS
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
ON
TRANSFORMERS
Soft iron core
Magnetic flux
e_—
e SS
Primary clrcutt Secondary circuit
PROJECT PREPARED BY :
PRIYANSHU ROUTRAY XI-NM
Session : 2022-23
Board Roll No : 17628519
MODERN VIDYA NIKETAN SENIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOL SECTOR 88, FARIDABAD ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
| would like to thank my physics
teacher Mr. Praveen Sir whose
valuable guidance has been the
one that helped me to patch this
project and made it full proof
success. His suggestions and
instructions has served the
contribution for completion of this
project. | would also like to thank
my parents who have supported
me in the completion of this
project. MODERN VIDYA NIKETAN SENIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOL
SECTOR 88, FARID: FARIDABAD
MVN |:
Satyameva Jayate
CBSE Affiliation Code: 531676
Certificate
This is to certify that Priyanshu Routray of Grade XIT
witiv CBSE RoW number 17628519 has successfully
completed his iwestigatory project work entitled
TRANSFORMERS during the academic year 2022-23
towardy partial fulfiunent of credit for the PHYSICS
PRACTICAL evaluation - subject code 042 of AISSCE- 2023
and submitted a report of the same as compiled here with.
His efforty are appreciated.
Principal's $ PRINCIPLE
A Transformer is based on the
principle of mutual induction.
According to this principle, the
amount of magnetic flux Linked with
a coil changing, an EMF is induced in
the neighbouring coil. A Transformer
consists of two electrically isolated
coils and operates on Faraday’s
principle of “mutual induction”, in
which an EMF is induced in the
transformers secondary coil by the
magnetic flux generated by the
voltages and the currents flowing in
the primary coil winding. CONSTRUCTION
A Transformer consists of a rectangular
shaft iron core made of laminated sheets
well insulated from one another. Two coils
p1& p2 and s1& s2 are wound on the same
core, but are well insulated with each other.
Note that the both the coils are insulated
from the core, the source of alternating EMF
is connected to p1p2, the primary coil and a
load resistance R is connected to s1s2, the
secondary coil through an open-switch S.
Thus there can be no current through the
sec. coil so long as the switch is open. For
an ideal transformer, we assume that the
resistance of the primary & secondary
winding is negligible. Further, the ener
loses due to magnetic iron core is also
negligible. INTRODUCTION OF
TRANSFORMER
A Transformer is an electrical device which is
used for changing the A.C. voltages. A
transformer is most widely used device in both
low and high current circuit. As such
transformers are built in an amazing strength of
sizes. In electronic, measurement and control
circuits, transformer size may be so small that it
weight Only a few tens of grams where as in high
voltage power circuits, It may weight hundred of
tones. In a transformer, the electrical energy
transfer from one circuit To another circuit takes
place without the use of moving parts. A
transformer which increases the voltage is called
a step-up transformer. A transformer which
decreases the A.C. voltage is called-a step-down
transformer. Transformers, therefore an
essential piece of apparatus both for high and
low current circuits. THEORY AND WORKING OF
TRANSFORMER
When an alternating e.m.f is supplied to the
primary coil pipz an alternating current starts
falling in it. The altering current in the primary
produces a changing magnetic flux, which
induces altering voltage in the primary as well as
n the secondary. Ina good-transformer, whole
of the magnetic flux linked with primary is also
linked with the secondary, then the induced
e.m.f. induced in each turn of the primary. Thus
if Ep and E, be the instantaneous values of the
e.m.f's induced in the primary and the seconda
and Np and N, are'the no. of turns of the primary
secondary Coils of the transformer and
dob/dt rate of change of flux in each turn of the coil
Ep= -Npdob/dt
Es= -Npdob/dt
ee Since the above relations are true at every
Instant, so by dividing 2 by 1, we get
Es/Ep=-Ns/Np ............. (3)
As E is the instantaneous value of back e.mf is
ASE is the instantaneous value of back e.m.f is
Induced In the primary coil pi, so the instantaneous
current in primary coil is due to the difference (E-E;
in the instantaneous values of the applied and back
e.m.f. further if R is the resistance of p1p2 coil , then
the instantaneous current 1, in the primary coil is
given by
Ip = (E-Ep)/Rp
(E-Ep)= IpRp
When the resistance of the primary is small, Re Ip can
be neglected
E-Ep=0 or Ep = E
Thus back e.m.f. = input e.m.f.
Hence, equation 3 can be written as
Es/Ep = Es/E = output e.m.f / input e.m.f = Ns/Np=K
Where K is constant, called turn or transformation
ratio.
x In a step up transformer,
Es>E so K >1, hence Ns> Np,
In a step down transformer.
Es1, so Ipols, or Is