DPP - Daily Practice Problems
Chapter-wise Sheets
Date : Start Time : End Time :
CB19
SYLLABUS : Excretory Products and Their Elimination
Max. Marks : 180 Marking Scheme : + 4 for correct & (–1) for incorrect Time : 60 min.
INSTRUCTIONS : This Daily Practice Problem Sheet contains 45 MCQs. For each question only one option is correct.
Darken the correct circle/ bubble in the Response Grid provided on each page.
1. Toxic substances are detoxified in human body in 6. A person who is one along hunger strike and is surviving
(a) kidney (b) lungs (c) liver (d) stomach only on water, will have
2. The function of rennin is (a) less amino acids in his urine
(a) vasodilation (b) more glucose in his blood
(b) reduce blood pressure (c) less urea in his urine
(c) degradation of angiotensinogen (d) more sodium in his urine
(d) None of the above
7. Uricotelism is found in
3. Proximal and distal convoluted tubules are parts of
(a) Seminiferous tubules (b) Nephron (a) Frogs and toads
(c) Oviduct (d) Vas deferens (b) Mammals and birds
4. Antidiuretic hormone (c) Birds, reptiles and insects
(a) Secretion is determined by plasma osmolarity (d) Fishes and fresh water protozoans
(b) Increases permeability of renal collecting duct cells to 8. If Henle’s loop were absent from mammalian nephron which
water of the following is to be expected?
(c) Is secreted by nerve cells with their cell bodies in (a) The urine will be more concentrated
hypothalamus (b) The urine will be more dilute
(d) All the above (c) There will be no urine formation
5. Which one of the following is correctly matched pair of the (d) There will be hardly any change in the quality and
given secretion and its primary role in human physiology?
(a) Sebum — Sexual attraction quantity of urine formed
(b) Sweat — Thermoregulation 9. The basic functional unit of the human kidney is
(c) Saliva — Tasting food (a) nephron (b) nephridia
(d) Tears — Excretion of salts (c) pyramid (d) Henle’s loop
RESPONSE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
GRID 6. 7. 8. 9.
Space for Rough Work
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10. Reabsorption of water in distal parts of kidney tubules/urine 19. Reabsorption of chloride ions from glomerular filtrate in
formation is controlled by kidney tubule occurs by
(a) relaxin (b) calcitonin (a) Active transport (b) Diffusion
(c) oxytocin (d) vasopressin (c) Osmosis (d) Brownian movement
11. Urea from the blood can be removed by 20. Metanephric kidneys are found in
(a) Uremia (b) Diuresis (a) Reptiles only (b) Birds only
(c) Dialysis (d) Micturition (c) mammals only (d) All of these
12. In mammals, the urinary bladder opens into 21. In Prawn, excretion is carried out by
(a) Uterus (b) Urethra (a) Nephrons (b) Malpighian tubules
(c) Vestibule (d) Ureter (c) Flame cells (d) Green glands
13. Which of the following components of blood does not enter 22. Consider the following four statements (i - iv) about certain
into the nephron? desert animals such as kangaroo rat
(a) urea (b) water (i) They have dark colour and high rate of reproduction
(c) glucose (d) plasma protein and excrete solid urine
14. Which one of the following correctly explains the function (ii) They do not drink water, breathe at a slow rate to
of a specific part of a human nephron ? conserve water and have their body covered with thick
(a) Podocytes : create minute spaces (slite pores) for the hairs
filtration of blood into the Bowman’s capsule. (iii) They feed on dry seeds and do not require drinking
(b) Henle’s loop : most reabsorption of the major water
substances from the glomerular filtrate. (iv) They excrete very concentrated urine and do not use
(c) Distal convoluted tubule : reabsorption of K+ ions into water to regulate body temperature.
the surrounding blood capillaries. Which two of the above statements for such animals are
(d) Afferent arteriole : carries the blood away from the true?
glomerular towards renal vein. (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (iii) and (iv)
15. The condition of excess urea in blood is known as (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (iii) and (i)
(a) Polyuria (b) Haematuria 23. The longest loop of Henle is found in
(c) Uraemia (d) Diuresis (a) kangaroo rat (b) opposum
16. Urine under normal conditions does not contain glucose (c) rhesus monkey (d) porcupine
because 24. In peritoneal dialysis
(a) The normal blood sugar is fructose (a) the blood is removed from the body and a natural filter
(b) Glucose of blood is not filtered in the glomerulus is used
(c) Glucose in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in the (b) the blood is not removed from the body and a natural
uriniferous tubules filter is used
(d) Glucose in glomerular filtrate is converted into (c) the blood is not removed from the body and an artificial
glycogen. filter is used
17. Which is not correct with respect to human kidney? (d) the blood is removed from the body and an artificial
(a) The peripheral region is called cortex and central medulla filter is used
(b) Malpighian capsules are present in the cortex region 25. Diabetes insipidus is a condition in which a person is unable
(c) Blood enters glomerulus through efferent arterioles to produce sufficient levels of the hormone ADH. The
(d) The concave part of kidney is called hilus hormone increases the permeability to water of the second
18. Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is released in response to the (distal) convoluted tubule and collecting duct in the kidney
increase in blood volume and blood pressure. Which of the nephrons.
following is not the function of ANF? What is produced as a result?
(a) Stimulates aldosterone secretion (a) large volumes of concentrated urine
(b) Inhibits the release of renin from JGA (b) large volumes of dilute urine
(c) Stimulates salt loss in urine (c) small volumes of concentrated urine
(d) Inhibits sodium reabsorption from collecting duct (d) small volumes of dilute urine
10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
RESPONSE 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
GRID 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
25.
Space for Rough Work
DPP/ CB19 B-75
26. By definition, an ectotherm 32. The filtrate formed by the nephrons in the kidney is not the
(a) is cold-blooded. same as urine. The filtrate is first refined and concentrated
(b) is warm-blooded. by the processes of ______, forming the urine that leaves
(c) obtains most of its heat from its environment. the body.
(d) derives most of its heat from its own metabolism. (a) filtration and secretion
27. Which region of the kidney nephron is the main site of (b) reabsorption and secretion
amino acid reabsorption? (c) reabsorption and excretion
(a) glomerulus (d) filtration and reabsorption
(b) Bowman’s capsule 33. What pathway is taken by water and solutes as they travel
(c) proximal convoluted tubule through a nephron?
(d) distal convoluted tubule (a) Glomerulus, to Bowman’s capsule, to proximal tubule,
28. Long term kidney failure can be treated by introducing sterile to loop of Henle, to distal tubule, to collecting ducts
dialysis fluid into the abdominal cavity. The fluid is drained (b) Bowman’s capsule, to glomerulus, to distal tubule, to
and replaced regularly using a tube inserted surgically loop of Henle, to proximal tubule, to collecting ducts
through the abdominal wall. (c) Glomerulus, to Bowman’s capsule, to distal tubule, to
Why does this method work well? loop of Henle, to proximal tubule, to collecting ducts
(a) because osmoregulation and excretion are achieved (d) Glomerulus, to Bowman’s capsule, to proximal tubule,
by diffusion between the blood in the abdominal to collecting ducts, to distal tubule, to loop of Henle
capillaries and the dialysis fluid. 34. The kidney’s filtration process is nonselective, so
(b) because osmoregulation and excretion are achieved (a) many valuable substances are lost in the urine.
by the active transport of ions, water and urea between (b) the proportions of substances in urine are the same as
the abdominal capillaries and the dialysis fluid. in blood.
(c) because the fluid is in direct contact with the kidneys, (c) urine is much less concentrated than blood.
the urea and excess ions can pass into it without being (d) useful substances must be selectively reabsorbed.
35. Na+ and Cl– are actively transported out of the tubules to help
filtered by the glomeruli.
set up the countercurrent multiplier. Which the following
(d) because the fluid is in direct contact with the liver and
are sites of active Na+ and Cl– transport in the nephron?
the large intestine, and wastes and excess ions can
(a) Proximal tubule, ascending limb of the loop of Henle
pass into it from these organs.
(b) Descending limb of the loop of Henle, ascending limb
29. Which of the following describes the route of urine out of
of the loop of Henle
the body after it leaves the kidney?
(c) Ascending limb of the loop of Henle, proximal tubule
(a) renal vein-urinary bladder-urethra-ureter (d) Collecting duct, descending limb of the loop of Henle
(b) urethra-urinary bladder-ureter 36. Which of the following is not a normal constituent of the
(c) renal vein-ureter-urinary bladder-urethra glomerular filtrate?
(d) ureter-urinary bladder-urethra (a) Red blood cells (b) Urea
30. If the human kidneys filter 150 litres of plasma in a 24 hour (c) Sodium ion (d) Glucose
period, what is the typical amount of urine produced and 37. Kidneys help in the conservation of useful materials and
eliminated in that time period? excretion of wastes and therefore they receive 20% of the
(a) 0.15 litres (b) 1.5 litres hearts output of blood (as much as the heart and brain
(c) 15 litres (d) 30 litres combined). On a percentage basis which substance is most
31. A number of hormones help to regulate water and solute completely reabsorbed by the kidneys ?
uptake and release in the nephron. Antidiuretic hormone (a) Water (b) Glucose
(ADH) promotes _____ in response to ______. (c) Urea (d) Sodium
(a) active transport of Cl–, increased solute concetration 38. The sole mechanism for water reabsorption by the renal
(b) active transport of Na+, increased blood pressure tubules is :
(c) increased permeability of the collecting duct to water, (a) active tansport
increased blood pressure (b) osmosis.
(d) decreased permeability of the collecting duct to water, (c) cotransport with sodium ions
increased solute concetration (d) cotransport with bicarbonate ions
26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
RESPONSE
31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
GRID
36. 37. 38.
Space for Rough Work
B-76 DPP/ CB19
39. Figure shown human urinary system with structures labelled (c) A = nephron, B = cortex, C = medulla, D = ureter,
A to D. Select option which correctly identifies them and E = pelvis
gives their characteristics and /or functions. (d) A = nephron, B = cortex, C = medulla, D = pelvis,
E = ureter
A 41. Select the option which shows correct matching of animal
B with excretory organs and excretory product
C Kidney Animal Excretory Excretory
D organs product
(a) Housefly Renal tubules Uric acid
(b) Labeo (Rohu) Nephridial Ammonia
Urinary bladder tubes
(c) Salamander Kidney Urea
(d) Peacock Kidney Urea
(a) B-pelvis-broad funnel shaped space inner to hilum, 42. The appearance of albumin in the urine is most likely due to
directly connected to loops of Henle. (a) Increase in the blood pressure
(b) C-Medulla-inner zone of kidney and contains complex
(b) Decrease in the blood osmotic corpuscles
nephrons.
(c) Damage to the Malpighian corpuscles
(c) D - Cortex - outer part of kidney and do not contain any
(d) Damage to the proximal convoluted tubules
part of nephrons
43. Kidney crystals are solid clusters of
(d) A-Adrenal gland - located at the anterior part of kidney.
Secrete Catecholamines which stimulate glycogen (a) Calcium nitrate and uric acid
breakdown. (b) Phosphate and uric acid
40. Refer the following diagram and identify the parts of a kidney (c) Calcium carbonate and uric acid
indicated (d) Calcium metabisulphite and uric acid
A 44. The liquid which is collected in the cavity of Bowman's
B capsule is
C (a) Concentrated urine
(b) Blood plasma minus blood proteins
D (c) Glycogen and water
(d) Sulphates and water
E 45. A person who is on a long hunger strike and is surviving
only on water, will have –
(a) less amino acids in his urine
(a) A = cortex, B = nephron, C = pelvis, D= medulla, (b) more glucose in his blood
E = ureter (c) less urea in his urine
(b) A = cortex, B = medulla, C = nephron, D = pelvis, (d) more sodium in his urine
E = ureter
RESPONSE 39. 40. 41. 42. 43.
GRID 44. 45.
Space for Rough Work
DAILY PRACTICE PROBLEM DPP CHAPTERWISE 19 - BIOLOGY
Total Questions 45 Total Marks 180
Attempted Correct
Incorrect Net Score
Cut-off Score 45 Qualifying Score 60
Success Gap = Net Score – Qualifying Score
Net Score = (Correct × 4) – (Incorrect × 1)
HINTS & SOLUTIONS
DPP /CB19
1. (c) Liver is the primary site of detoxification and elimination 24. (b) Dialysis is of two types : haemodialysis and peritoneal
of body wastes and poisons. Liver detoxifies endotoxins, dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis uses a natural filter inside the
e.g. toxic NH3 combined with CO2 to form less toxic urea. body i.e. peritoneal membrane to remove wastes and extra
It also detoxifies alcohol and convert them to acetaldehyde fluid from the body. The dialysis fluid fills the belly and
and then harmless acetyl CoA. pulls out wastes and extra fluid from the body. Blood is not
2. (d) Renin (also called rennet or chymosin) is an coagulating removed from the body as in the case of haemodialysis.
enzyme produced from stomach of human body. It 25. (b) If the walls of the collecting duct are water-permeable, water
catalyzes the coagulation of milk by converting milk with leaves the ducts to pass into the hyperosmotic surrounding
soluble protein caesin into insoluble semi fluid calcium and concentrated urine is produced. Thus, when there is
paracaesinate. This is called curdling of milk. Rennin insufficient ADH, less water is reabsorbed and more dilute
produced in the infants immediately after birth. As the urine is produced in copious amounts.
child grows, rennin production goes down and is replaced 26. (c) Ectotherms on poikilothermic animals are cold-blooded
by pepsin digestive enzymes. animals whose body temperature is dependent upon their
Renin is an enzyme which acts as hormone secreted by environment.
juxtaglomerular cells. It converts angiotensinogen into 27. (c) A and B involve ultrafiltration.
angiotensin. In the proximal convoluted tubules, the mitochondria provide
3. (b) Nephron is the excretory unit of human excretory system. energy for active transport. The cells here are adapted for
Each nephron h as a Bowman’s Capsule, a Proximal reabsorption. The amino acids diffuse into the cells and are
Convoluted Tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle (Descending & actively transported to the intercellular spaces, where they
Ascending limbs) and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) diffuse into the surrounding capillaries.
which then enter into collecting duct. 28. (a) The removal of urea and excess ions occurs by diffusion
4. (d) from the blood in the abdominal capillaries to the dialysis
5. (b) Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its fluid, down a concentration gradient.
body temperature within certain boundaries, even when 29. (d) This is the correct flow of urine after it leaves the kidney.
temperature surrounding is very different. In humans, 30. (b) About 1 percent of the filtrate is excreted as urine, so about
sweating is primarily a means of thermoregulation. 1.5 litres of the original 150 litres would be urinated.
6. (c) Due to a long hunger strike and survival on water, a person 31. (c) Antidiuretic hormone acts on the collecting ducts by
will have less urea in his urine because urea comes to increasing the permeability to water. Antidiuretic hormone
kidney as a waste product from liver which is formed after secretion is stimulated by a decrease in blood pressure.
the breakdown of protein fat, carbohydrate during hunger. 32. (b) Reabsorption returns substances to the blood, secretion
It is not synthesised but the synthesised ones are moves substances from blood into the kidney tubules.
catabolised. 33. (a) The route of water and solutes through the nephron from the
7. (c) glomerulus, to Bowman’s capsule, to proximal tubule, to
8. (b) It is named after its discoverer, F. G. J. Henle. In the kidney, loop of Henle, to distal tubule, to collecting ducts.
the loop of Henle is the portion of the nephron that leads 34. (d) Glucose and amino acids found in the filtrate are reabsorbed.
from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted 35. (a) The proximal tubule is the site of active transport of Na+ out
tubule. The loop has a hairpin bend in the renal medulla. The of the tubule. Na+ also moves out of the tubule at the ascending
main function of this structure is to reabsorb water and ions limb
_
of the loop of Henle, but this is a passive transport with
from the urine. To do this, it uses a countercurrent multiplier Cl being actively transported out.
mechanism in the medulla. 36. (a) Red blood cells are too large to be filtered out of the blood at
9. (a) 10. (d) 11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (d) the glomerulus and thus will not be found in the filtrate.
14. (a) Glomerular podocytes are highly specialized cells with a 37. (b) Glucose is 100% reabsorbed and thus a healthy person will
complex cytoarchitecture plays a major role in establishing excrete no glucose in the urine. Sodium and water are usually
the selective permeability of glomerular filtration barrier. over 99% reabsorbed. Urea is the main excretory product
15. (c) Haematuria is the presence of blood cells in urine. formed as a result of protein breakdown.
16. (c) 17. (c) 38. (b) The sole mechanism for water reabsorption in the renal
18. (a) ANF stimulates the loss of sodium in urine while aldosterone tubules is by osmosis.
absorbs sodium from glomerular filtrate. 39. (d) A – Adrenal gland – located at the anterior part of kidney,
19. (b) 20. (d) 21 (d) 22. (b) secrete Catecholamines which stimulate glycogen breakdown.
23 (a) Kangaroo rat lives in desert, therefore, it needs to conserve 40. (d)
water in the body. In kangaroo rat, loop of Henle is 41. (c) Salamander (Amphibia; Caudata) excrete urea by help of
significantly longer as it descends further into the medulla kidneys.
and produces a higher concentration gradient in the 42. (c) Normally albumin can't pass out through the filtering pores
surrounding tissue so as to produce urine which is 18 times due to their large size but in some pathological conditions
concentrated than that of their blood. This gradient allows viz. anoxia or heart failure, the filtration membrane becomes
more water to diffuse into the surrounding tissues to be damaged and filtering pores enlarge in size, so that serum
reabsorbed. albumin passes out in the largest amount and appears in the
urine.
43. (b) 44. (b) 45. (c)
