Mini Project 1 Report

On

VERMICOMPOST & THE POSSIBILITIES OF COMPOST BUSINESS IN

INDIA

Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the Award

Of

Master of Business Administration

DEGREE
(Session: 2022- 2023)

SUBMITTED BY

*NAME*
*REG.NO.*

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. MANOJ KUMAR CHAUDHARY

Department of MBA

IMS ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GHAZIABAD

AFFILIATED TO
DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY (FORMERLY UTTAR
PRADESH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY), LUCKNOW

1
 IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad – Delhi NCR
NAAC ACCREDITED INSTITUTION
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam
Technical University, Lucknow)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that …………………………….is a bonafide student of MBA 1st semester

during session 2022-23. The Mini Project Report entitled Vermicompost & The
Possibilities of composting business in India has been prepared by him in partial fulfillment
for the award of degree of Master of Business Administration of Dr.
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow (formerly UPTU Lucknow).

(Faculty in charge) Head-MBA

2
 Student Declaration & Certificate

I “NAME” hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this report entitled
“Vermicomposting & The Possibilities of Composting Business in India” is an authentic record
of my own work carried out under the supervision of Mr. “MANOJ KUMAR CHAUDHARY”.

The matter embodied in this report has not been submitted by me for the award of any other
degree/ Diploma/ Certificate.

Department of MBA Name of Student

Date:

This is to certify that the work which is being presented in this report entitled “Vermicomposting
& The Possibilities of Composting Business in India” is an authentic record of the student carried
out under my supervision. The statements made by the candidate are correct to the best of my
knowledge, based on the candidate‟s declaration.

Dr. Meenu Baliyan Name of Supervisor:

Head: Department of MBA Designation:
Date: Date:

3
 Acknowledgment

I express my sincere thanks to my project guide; Mr. MANOJ KUMAR

CHAUDHARY of IMS ENGINEERING COLLEGE, for guiding me right forms the
inception till the successful completion of the project. I sincerely acknowledgement
him for extending their valuable guidance support for literature critical review Of
project and the report and above all the moral support he had provided to me with all
stages of this project.

DATE:
PLACE: GHAZIABAD (NAME OF STUDENT)

4
SERIAL NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO.

Chapter 1
1 INTRODUCTION TO THE 8-12

TOPIC

Chapter 2
2 LITERATURE 13-18

REVIEW

Chapter 3
3 RESEARCH 19-22

METHODOLOGY

Chapter 4
ANALYSING THE TOPIC
4 AND THE VARIOUS 23-32

OTHER ASPECTS FROM

THE TOPIC

Chapter 5
5 CONCLUSION AND 33-36

SUGGESTIONS

6 Chapter 6 37-38

BIBLIOGRAPHY

5
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Organic wastes can represent a large proportion of the solid waste stream in any rural

community. Furthermore, farm households generate large amounts of manure that can

pose a threat to the environment, especially watercourses, if not well managed because of

nutrient overloading. Composting the organic portion of solid wastes has multiple benefits,

such as a reduction in the quantity of wastes to be disposed, a reduction in environmental

impacts resulting from manure. Advantages of composting also include killing of

pathogens, fly larvae and weed seeds and improving the handling of manure and other

residues by reducing their volume and weight. Composting plays an important role in

organic farming practices as well as in improving soil fertility. Among other benefits, the

use of compost can improve access to food in rural communities with higher yields of

vegetables and fruit obtained from a more fertile soil. Farm households have many reasons

for joining a composting program, as they possess almost all the basic requirements for

composting. Feedstock‟s, air, water, land and labor are present already on the farm

although the scale of composting would be an important determinant of the resources

available. The resulting composting product is a resource for the farmer and can be an

additional source of revenue. Like any product, compost must be marketed adequately and

issues about producing a high quality material need to be addressed if the farmer expects

to get revenue from the composting operation. When planning for a composting facility,

technical, social and economic issues have to be considered. Proper sitting of a facility can

be done only after examining site factors and designing all components of the composting

system, such as active composting technologies, curing processes and pre-processing and

post processing equipment. Good process control and system management are needed to

ensure that the composting facility continues to meet the objectives of the users. Proper

project management involves monitoring compost parameters and maintenance to ensure

6
that potential negative impacts associated with poor management in the form of leach ate

and odor or through the attraction of pests and vermin is minimized. Continuing efforts are

needed to establish confidence in the quality of waste demanded for compost. There is an

urgent need for more education and training aimed at various groups including composting

facility operators, regulators, farmers and general public. Topics needing to be addressed

are proper composting site management, the benefits of using compost in agriculture, and

the public perception of the importance of composting in the context of a sustainable waste

management strategy. Successful case studies and pilot projects conducted on composting

in the African region are a valuable tool to demonstrate that composting has worked and

can work successfully for farmers and rural communities. This report aims to provide

information on all aspects of compost production and use for farm households. It is

applicable also to rural communities where similar types of wastes are generated but on a

larger scale. For farmers generating low amounts of wastes, a centralized composting

facility using the various on-farm wastes can be set up within the rural community, using

composting principles similar to those for individual on-farm composting. It is hoped that

readers of this paper will be better informed of the opportunities of composting on-farm

wastes in rural communities so as to avoid the disposal of valuable organic materials by

incineration or in landfills.

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 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION TO THE
TOPIC

8
 VERMICOMPOST

Made by the happiest worms on Earth, Phool 100 percent pure vermicompost may be a

power packed shot of mineral-rich nutrients and enzymes that energizes the soil in your

gardens and houses. Free from all varieties of chemicals and carcinogens, Phool 100

percent pure vermicompost may be safe and sensible different to chemical fertilizers. Its

wealthy nutrients like K, calcium, atomic number 12 etc. that square measure in real time

out there to plants by up the soil texture, structure and aeration. Its regular use encourages

the intensive development of system of plants resulting in spirited flowers, healthier fruits

and vegetables.

 Made from sacred temple flowers, happy worms and 17 other mineral rich

nutrients and enzymes that energize the soil in your garden. Boosting your

plants growth rate.

 Phool‟s vermicompost production is carbon neutral and 100% chemical-free,

making our vermicompost truly an organic fertilizer for plants.

 With neem extracts, Phool‟s 100% pure Vermicompost also helps in keeping

pests away from plants.

 Phool‟s vermicompost improves soil structure, leading to better aeration and

texture. The improved soil has a superior water holding capacity.

 It is suitable for all kinds of plants. Helping boost plant growth, leading to

vibrant flowers, healthier fruits and vegetables.

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THE BIRTH OF IDEA
It was the day of Makar Sankranti, an ancient Indian festival marking the end of

winter solstice, celebrated by bathing in the sacred waters of river Ganges. On

that cold winter morning in 2015, a friend, who was visiting at founder‟s home

in Kanpur expressed an interest to see the Ghats of the River Ganges. They sat

by the Ghats and amidst people performing Suryanamaskars, they were

spectators to devotees drinking and bottling up the river water despite the

evidently visible muck. In spite of being one of the most revered water bodies in

India, they started wondering why was this river turning carcinogenic and if it

was us, the worshippers who had turned against the river.

It was easy at first to place blame on the tanneries, factories and sewers that

were indiscriminately dumping their refuse into the river. While explaining the

complexity of the problem to his friend Jakub, he shrugged it away telling him

nothing really can be done about it. While they gazed at the dirty water in

culpable silence, we saw the colorful flowers being dumped from the temples

nearby turn into mulch as they accumulated and their colors faded away into the

murky waters. Something had to be done about this. Looking for the right

opportunity, research revealed to them that most of these flowers that end up at

10
the temples are loaded full of pesticides and insecticides. Once they reach the

waters of the river, the chemicals wash off, mixing with the water, making toxic

compounds, suppressing the oxygen level and thereby gravely threatening the

marine life. Along with his friend Karan, they realized a mission to repurpose

this waste coming from places of worship. It was the birth of “HelpUsGreen”.

11
THE JOURNEY
To unknowing, concept of additional exploitation waste

flowers appeared ludicrous. They‟d to toil to convey their plan of usage the temple

waste as a result of no one was willing to require it seriously or surrender their floral

waste. However they easy plan became a roar once it set rolling. Karan and jacob spent

hours experimenting, meeting varied stakeholders and pitching the concept of managing

temple waste within the country. A year and a half and numberless hours in a

very makeshift laboratory later, flowercycled® incense and vermicompost

was planned and made. The mission to preserve the stream Ganges and empower

vernacular individuals by providing a way to their resource became reality.

12
CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE
REVIEW

13
Some compost is Suppression of soil borne diseases has been reported for several

suppressive of plant kinds of composts (Chung et al. 1988). Abbasi et al. (2002)

pathogens but heating demonstrated reduced bacterial disease and anthracnose on fruit

them to 60℃ for five days and increased yield in organically-produced tomatoes produced in

reduced suppressiveness. soil amended with compost. Both compost and manure were also

This is why shown to influence populations of plant parasitic and free-living

some compost needs to nematodes in transitional organic soil cropped to tomatoes

be inoculated with disease (Nahar et al 2004). Populations of plant parasitic nematodes,

suppressing primarily Pratylenchus crenatus, were inversely correlated with

microorganisms. populations of fungal- and bacterial-feeding and omnivorous

Adding nutrients (i.e. nematodes, and with soil organic matter content. Chen et

reducing competition) also al. (1987) showed that heating suppressive composts to 60℃ for

reduces disease suppression five days destroyed suppression. Suppressiveness was also

by composts. reduced when nutrients were added to the planting mixture, which

is consistent with the hypothesis that nutrient competition between

the compost micro flora and the pathogen Pythium spp. contributes

to disease suppression (Mandelbaum and Hadar, 1990). Certain

types of composted pine bark suppressed Pythium damping-off

diseases when incorporated into planting mixes (Boehm et al.,

1993). Since an increase in temperature is part of the composting

process, it is sometimes necessary to inoculate composts with

beneficial microorganisms (Hoitink et al., 1993).

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A compost pile needs to be 3 OSU extension: A large compost pile insulates itself and holds the

cubed feet to hold heat in heat of microbial activity. Its centre will be warmer than its edges.

winter and takes 3-4 months Piles smaller than three feet cubed (27 cu. ft.; 3-4 ft. tall) have

to be cured trouble holding this heat in the winter, while piles larger than five

feet cubed (125 cu. ft.; 5-6 ft. tall) do not allow enough air to reach

the microbes at the centre. These proportions are of importance if

your goal is fast, high temperature composting. Large piles are

useful for composting diseased plants or trees as the high

temperatures will kill pathogens and insects.

Moisture and Aeration

[...] The larger the pile, the higher the temperature and the faster

the composting proceeds, but only up to a certain point. At

temperatures higher than 160 degrees F, composting slows down

and charring or burning begins. This can become a problem in dry

composts, particularly in the summer.

How to Prepare and Use Compost

Remove grass and sod cover from the area where you construct

your compost pile to allow direct contact of the materials with soil

microorganisms. The following "recipe" for constructing your

compost heap is recommended for best results:

After 3-4 weeks, fork the materials into a new pile, turning the

outside of the old heap into the centre of the new pile. Add water if

necessary. It is best to turn your compost a second or third time.

The compost should be ready to use within three to four months. A

15
 heap started in late spring can be ready for use in the autumn. Start

another heap in autumn for use in the spring.

You can make compost even faster by turning the pile more often.

Check the internal temperature regularly; when it decreases

substantially (usually after about a week), turn the pile.

Organic debris are more In Martin et al. (1992) it was shown that when fresh material is

palatable to earthworms if compared to incubated material, worms prefer fresh organic matter

it’s fresh or incubated for as in decomposed plant debris or debris incubated for 2

up to 2 weeks. The weeks. Incubation of the material fed to earthworms for 2, 5 and 10

particle size of organic weeks caused an increase in growth rate and yield efficiency. With

matter doesn’t matter. fresh plants (or plants incubated for 10 weeks or less) worms eat less

and gain more weight than with material incubated for more than 10

weeks.

Martin et al. (1992) states that worms prefer leaves to roots: When

leaves are incubated for more than 10 weeks however the material

becomes only as beneficial as fresh root material: plant material

decomposed for a long time has less nutritive value. When roots are

incubated for 2-5 weeks they increase growth rate, but without a

change in yield efficiency. This was explained by the fact that

16
 fresh OM has a higher water-soluble content and more N

availability.

Also in the same study all plant material has the same value after a

long incubation time since all easily assailable compounds are

gone. When legumes and grass were compared they gave different

yield efficiency results although they both have same N content

because legumes have higher nitrogen assimilability.

As to the particle size effect, a fraction of soil OM was replaced

with labelled C - OM. The results showed that worms ingested

similar amounts of coarse OM (young OM – 250 – 200 µm) and

fine OM (0.20µm). This indicates that particle size does not matter

(Martin et al., 1992).

Earthworms Although high amounts of low molecular weight proteins encourage

have fewer requirements microbial growth and consequently mineralization there's a

than microbes in possibility that earthworms have lower requirements than microbes

processing carbon and in processing C and N (proteins included) since material that goes

nitrogen. through the earthworm gut show a higher mineralization rate than in

the case where it's just incorporated in the soil (where

decomposition occurs through

microbes); Devliegher and Verstraete (1996) studied the effects of

nutrient enrichment processes (i.e. allowing the passage of organic

residues from the surface of the soil to below the surface) and those

of gut associated process (i.e. enzymatic activities in the earthworm

gut that increase the nutrient content of the ingested residues). They

17
 concluded that if the weight-increase of the worms is accounted for,

the nutrient content of ingested organic material largely makes up

for the nutrient content of the same material when simply

incorporated in the soil. Therefore we might assume that earthworm

have less restrictions than microbes on protein quality and carbon to

protein ratio as related to decomposition of organic matter.

High salinity levels and A pH of 8.5 and electrical conductivity of 8 dS m-1 were found to

alkalinity harm harm earthworms. Alkalinity and salinity are harmful to both

earthworms. Earthworms earthworms and microorganism (Santamaria-Romero et al.,

are also sensitive to 2001). Worms can be used to assess the environmental effects of

pesticides. chemicals because they can predict the effect of chemicals on other

soil invertebrates. The survival rate of earthworms when a toxic

chemical is added to the soil would then be the indicator of the level

of toxicity of this chemical Edwards et al. (1992).

Edwards et al. (1992) states that pesticides tested on worms in labs

are more consistent since a standard number of worms from the

same species is in intimate contact with the pesticides. Still soils

with different absorbing capacities have been used. He also

considers that the invalid methods would be applying a chemical

directly to the earthworms (the results would be unrealistic), mixing

a chemical with the earthworm food (due to food repellence

problems) and injecting the tested chemical into the earthworm,

since this can cause direct injury and falsify the results.

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 CHAPTER-3
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

19
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is an important part of any research project as it

designates how the research has been conducted. It also refers the various other

methods which have been used in the research and what type of research it is.

It‟s a step by step approach towards solving the problem. We can also state

research methodology as the science of how research is done.

Research is a conceptual and philosophical activity and as such the term should

be used in a specialized since. The need of research is to discover answer to the

several questions which arise in the mind while applications of scientific modus

operandi.

The main motive behind research is to know the hidden truth which is not

discovered yet.

Research takes responsibility for.

 Explore an idea,

 outside help,

 solve a problem,

 probe an issue,

 Make a debate that urges us to turn to.

Collecting the data

There are various ways to collect the data which is suitable for research which

can be further considered in the form of time, money and several other

resources.

20
 Primary data

The data which is gathered from experiment or through survey. If a survey is

done then it carries some quantitative measurements, while if survey is done and

data is taken from one or more than one person than there are several methods

that given below:

 Through personal interview.

 Through telephone interview.

 Through schedules.

 By observations.

Secondary data

This type of data is collected through the literatures and the published journals

which is already available literatures and researches which are available in

different places i.e. library or from any website.

Types of data collected

Secondary type of data is used.

Secondary Sources

These include the internet, company‟s website, and different published research

reports.

Target population or universe:

Aware individuals and organizations from urban and rural areas.

Method of analysis:

Peoples who are already in the waste management field.

Tools and techniques used.

MS-word.

21
 Objectives of study.

 To understand the necessity of waste management.

 How waste affects the living beings as well as nature.

22
 CHAPTER-4
ANALYSING THE TOPIC
AND THE VARIOUS
OTHER ASPECTS FROM
THE TOPIC

23
WHAT IS WASTE?

Waste or wastes are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste can be any

substance which is discarded after primary or secondary use, or is worthless or

non-recyclable, defective in nature and of no use. Examples include solid waste

from municipal corporations which maybe household trash or refuse, chemical

hazardous waste, wastewater and nuclear or radioactive waste, organic wastes

from place of and may others.

DEFINATION OF WASTE BY WORLD ORGANISATIONS.

United Nations Environment Program

“According to the Basel Convention on the Control of Tran boundary

Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal of 1989, Art. 2(1),

"'Wastes' are substance or objects, which are disposed of or are intended to be

disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of national law”.

European Union

Under the Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC, Art. 3(1), the European

Union defines waste as "an object the holder discards, intends to discard or is

required to discard."

TYPES OF WASTES.

 Municipal Waste.

 Hazardous Waste.

 Biomedical Waste

 Special hazardous waste

 Agricultural Waste

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1. Waste Management & Soil Contamination

Ideally, we might like that our plastic, glass, metal and paper waste to

finish with a utile possibility. Then returns to USA as a renewable

product. However the fact is totally different. Contamination to the

soil happens by spilling and concealment unsafe elements in it. For example: -

what happens after you sent a plastic bottle is incorrectly to a lowland, or left,

at the other place, which may be a lake wherever the elements of that plastic

bottle is incorrectly to a lowland, or left, at the other price, which may be a lake

wherever the element of that plastic to be absorbed by the soil.

Eventually Plastic bottles break down within the soil and unharness a

harmful part referred to as, DI-ETHYL-HYDROXYL-AMINE (DEHA).

(A substance that hurts our fruitful capabilities causes liver dysfunction and

weight loss problems.) DEHA simply get into the encircling areas of the soil and

water bodies and harms the animal furthermore because the flora depends on

that.

2. Water Contamination via Improper Wastes.

Water is a very smart solvent; it will contain nice in range the dissolved

chemicals. Aftermath, whereas moving water pull pollution on the means.

It typically has dissolved substances like numerous chemicals and gases and has

harmful toxic effects.

Rain water simply mixes to harmful liquid parts and discharge into the

water run to finish up in near water bodies. Thus, the near fountain, pond,

25
lake or perhaps potable faucets square measure vulnerable to the likelihood of

suffering damage or injury of contamination.

3. Grievous Weather Due to Climate Contamination

These harmful greenhouse gases are very demanded in today culture and these

are very important for our economy also.

How we have a tendency to area unit impacted?

From air pollution that conjointly causes hail storms or heating – „everything

is victim at present‟. This conjointly spreads out from different ways in

which too like thermal and hot pollution.

4. How the Air is contaminated

We all comprehend the layer that is that the higher most layer of earth‟s

atmosphere there are numerous things that leave United States feeling

hopeless wherever we have a tendency to be unable to create necessary

changes. Wherever we expect we have a tendency to can‟t consume any less.

But, we can, at least, follow strict procedure over however it will

be recycled. We all know at several the occasion‟s paper and plastic are burned

at the lowland the fireplace could last up to could day or months

that inflicting lowland gas, the chemicals free that assemble and contribute to

the layer and conjointly hurt the near human population. Gas adds to

that additionally that is extremely ignitable in nature once it came in-

tuned with O. This air has been well-tried to possess harmful effects on United

States.

All of it, however once improper waste management is bothered, plays a

major role in inflicting heating.

26
 5. Effects on Animal and Marine Life

Despite strict actions to prevent it, the continual marketing of garbage, raw or

untreated biodegradable pollution is finished as was common while

not correct treatments and tools. Any animal or marine life returning in

grips with it gets wedged within the worst of how. The formation

of protoctist bloom and clusters contaminates and eventually suffocates marine

life like coral and fish that work as a boundary between elements to

combine with water. As mentioned during a} very clear or convincing manner

by Conservation International, we've seen however consumption of fishing

lines, roll of tobacco butts, plastic created bottles and some plastic things are

make from it and thermo decision kind will kill legion marine lives annually.

6. Human Damage

The most of the human population are not following the scientific process or we

also say the scientific management process of the safe the environment they are

fallowing the tradition thing.

Those who are at significant risk are:

 Children, or some who live in near of that facilities

 Waste disposal workers

 Employees whose workplaces manufacture or come into contact with waste

materials

Just think about the fires at landfills and its effects on us. Whether coming from

the air or any other way its accumulation in our cellars, those landfill gases can

27
cause cancer, create problems in respiratory system as well as visibility

problems, and the explosion of tin cans put people nearby at risk.

When humans can come into the contact with the any type of waste then it can

cause to then skin infections and blood infections and many more type of

infections to them. We all know about the nature of the mosquitoes, they can

find water which cannot move from a while rainwater, cans and so on ideal

reproduction grounds from where they carry and spread harmful diseases like

malaria and dengue.

With a copiousness of disease-carrying pests, it becomes difficult to be known

about waste management facilities. Despite all efforts which were made.

Management about the various things and education and knowledge about the

cleanness to spread in the society is very important all have to tell this message

to all is very important. A butterfly fluttering its wings 900 miles away from you

can cause a hurricane right where you live which means a little in present can

lead to a better future.

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 Segregation of Dry Waste & Wet Waste

The waste segregation is very important because with the help of this we can do

the work very easily we can store our waste into two different storage by the

help of that we can easily identify the wet waste and as well as the dry waste we

can put these waste into many different areas like dump into any place or in any

decomposition process and many of the wastes can remanufactured by that

waste so we put these two waste use in a very productive way.

Segregation is the process of dumping or we can say it is the process of

separation of two sections into two or more than two sections by which we do

the smart work and also we have our work is more effective and more proper

way.

We can segregate the waste anywhere by which we can dump the waste into the

land but it also helps in reducing the intensity of the greenhouse gases such as

methane, carbon monoxide which gets erects from the wastes gather.

29
 Compost

Compost is the organic matter that has been naturally decomposed in that

process that is called composting. This way is various organic materials recycles

otherwise regarded as waste product and they produces the soil conditioner

helps in the neutralization which is known as the composting process.

Compost is made in the nutrients by which we can do many be employed

in gardens, gardening, and concrete agriculture, landscaping, and promoting the

organic farming. The compost is very useful for the land in many ways or many

types, is aware of as a fertilizer, a soil conditioner incorporates very

important humus or dirt acids, and work as a natural chemical for soil. In

ecosystems, compost is beneficial in wearing management, land likewise as

stream reclamation, wetland‟s and some of the other things which can made up

and construction is going on in many ways, and conjointly as lowland cowl.

Benefits of Composting

Benefits of Composting and Sustainable Waste

Management

If you‟re not aware about the composting collection at your home, village or

organization yet these may be some reasons that will change your mind toward

composting.

 Nourish Our Earth - Composting converts a significant part of your household

waste, up to 35%, into healthy soil. The soil produced from compost is nothing

but a bundle of joy to the earth.

 Controls soil erosion by improving soil structure.

30
 Return a healthy and good number of nutrients to soil.

 Reduce the watering needs by improving water holding capability in the soil.

 Conquer plant diseases.

 Skip the Landfill: It‟s like process of recycling where you send less material to

the landfill areas when you compost. Majority of people don‟t want to create

more landfills and by composting you send less material to the landfill areas

which means it won‟t fill up as fast. And same landfill will remain useful for

years longer. This is more needed in urban centres where landfill space is scarce

on its portrait around the world as well as a landmark.

 Clear the Air: The process of composting food waste and green waste requires

oxygen and water. But this process emits carbon dioxide as a result. Where

when organics decompose in a landfill where they are tightly covered up without

enough oxygen or water, methane is produced. By its nature methane stores 25

times more heat than carbon dioxide and is a much more powerful greenhouse

gas.

 Use Our Resources Wisely – Organic waste can be turned into a rich resource to

replenish the soil and its quality. The method used to compost the green waste in

which the gases emitted during this process can be store separately to produce

renewable energy.

This business is right for?

This business is ultimate for a person who is passionate about the environment

and wants to work in recycling organic materials for future use. Business owners

who get into this business should also have a passion for learning that how

composting actually works.

31
The target market?

The target market can be local government‟s i.e. municipal corps or town area

corps, neighborhoods, farms and commercial enterprises that need a high-

volume of soil for their business purpose

32
CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSION
AND
SUGGESTIONS

33
Conclusion

In the modern period the people are getting more knowledge the need of waste

management same as the in a proper use of this mechanism where changing

environment with another problems for the world with the pollution and

population.

Then after having a health study about the waste and many types of waste which

gives us the ideas about the opportunity about the business from it, because

when the waste is the major problem for urban same as rural areas, where our

honorable P.M Modi has urged us to keep our surroundings clean to keep our

country clean, and gives a dream to make to our the country waste free, open

defecation free to and with a proper waste and management system in our

developed or to the developing cities.

We saw the many persons from top sections of society same as the peoples who

are enthusiastic in the agriculture with the modern technologies and studies are

transferred towards composting fertilizer.

In to above statement we can saw the 30% of total bucket same as the healthy

soil and the organics matters are used to increase the quality of the soil, it is very

helpful for the soil also.

The land fill process or the technique of disposing the waste material is time

taking process and not that much easy and effective process by which we can

create the numerous environment and also healthy issues in near to our areas by

the human same as the others living being .

The proper utilization of waste composing also gives the job opportunity to

the peoples in the rural as well as in the urban areas it well also helps us for the

development for the each people saratality.

34
 Suggestions

However, there are certain issues that must be addressed at the farm and

community level for the technology to be sustainable. Following points suggests

some problems should managed:

 Choosing pure sources of high carbon amendments & low moisture.

 Most of the waste materials on farm contain high moisture as well as nitrogen.

The problem for farmers and the business person is to find dry, high carbon

amendments.

 Costs of equipment are very high and not significant for economies of scale.

 Strong compost market and competition lack behind from other products.

 Lack of awareness of compost attributes such as biological control capabilities

and soil fertility effects.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:

 Bad odours absence, Ecodyger neutralizes bad odours and gives at the end of its

cycle a solid residue, having the smell of natural soil

 Bugs absence and most of all flies, Ecodyger‟s solid residue is free from any wet

scraps, cause of their presence.

 Bacteria and pathogens elimination, Ecodyger tank to its patented process,

neutralize them at 100%

 It does not attract stray animals, rats and rodents, because, as for bugs, the solid

residue is free from wet waste

 No problems with neighbours (no bad odour or unpleasant sight)

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 No need to have green areas or balconies, Ecodyger occupies the space of a

normal home appliance

 Short time, a complete cycle lasts a few hours instead of months.

 No time needed, after loading the machine and starting the cycle, just wait the

end of the cycle itself (few hours) and unload the small quantity of small residue

collected in the proper container

 No monitoring or activities needed during the cycle; once the cycle is started, it

will just be necessary to wait the end of the cycle and recover the solid residue

in its drawer.

 No dependence from external agents like temperature, humidity; Ecodyger

works always in optimal conditions without being affected by these agents that

greatly influence the composting process.

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 CHAPTER-6
BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 Websites

o https://www.thebalancesmb.com/the-pros-and-cons-of-starting-

acomposting-business-2951463

o https://howtostartanllc.com/business-ideas/compost-business

o https://www.helpusgreen.com/products/vermicompost

o http://www.emterra.ca/composting-benefits

o http://www.youthincmag.com/wet-waste-dry-waste

o https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste#United_Nations_Environment

_Program

o http://www.youthincmag.com/wet-waste-dry-waste

o http://ecodyger.com/7-benefits-and-8-limits-of-home-composting/

o http://www.fftc.agnet.org/library.php?func=view&id=2011080410

0401&type_id=2

Books

 THE WORM FARMER‟S HANDBOOK

 VERMICULTURE AND

VERMICOMPOSTING

 WORMS AT WORK

 HOW TO START A WORM BIN

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