Agri-Fishery Part II

Reviewer
Broadly refers to the cultivation of aquatic
organisms in controlled aquatic
environments for any commercial,
recreational or public purpose. The
breeding, rearing and harvesting of plants
and animals takes place in all types of
water environments including ponds, rivers,
lakes, the ocean and man-made “closed”
systems on land.
Aquaculture
Basic Classification
of the Philippine
Fishing Methods and
Gears, and Safety
Measures.
A method that is
composed of the
most simple forms of
gathering aquatic
resources.
Fishing without
Gear
A method that depend on
the psychological reaction
of fish to certain physical
or chemical properties.
Stupefying
Methods
Hitting a fish directly with any
object like stones, clubs,
hammers, etc.
Hitting a submerged stone with
another where the fish is hiding.
Using dynamite detonated by
blasting cap with a short fuse.
Mechanical
Stupefying
Using toxic plant like Derris or
“Lagtang” (“Tubli” in Cebuanos) whose
coffee-like berries are toasted, crushed
and pulverized and sprinkled into a
water as bait. Using chemicals like
Rotenon, Endrin, Cyanide, Burnt lime,
copper-vitriol, etc.Using deoxygenation
of the water by stirring up the mud in
shallow regions.
Fish Poisoning
Also known as electro-fishing
where finfish and crustaceans
respond to electric currents by
orienting themselves to face
the anode and swimming
toward that pole in a forced
manner.
Electrical Fishing
Hand or grappling
instruments generally
used for gathering
sessile or trapped
animals (Panikwat)
Fishing using
miscellaneous
Gears used by
man who to wound
a fish from some
distance.
Wounding Gear
Complete barriers made of
wooden trunks, debris, mud,
weeds, banana stalks,
rocks or bamboo webbing
built across the natural
migration path of fish.
Barricades
A structure made of
anchored bunches of
twigs and bushes, piles of
rocks or poles which
become the hiding place
for fishes.
Fish Shelter
Fishing implement
designed to launch a
spear at fish or other
underwater animals.
Fishing Riffle
Are instruments with pointed barbed or
barbless blades at the right straight tip
which are not removable from the handle
and generally thrown by hand or
sometimes from a gun or bow-like device
like pana, sibat, salapang or tiksal.
Spear, lances and arrows
Pointed instruments with
barbed blades detachable
from the handle and
either thrown by hand or
discharged from a gun,
panibat, or pamaril.
Harpoons
Like enticing devices
usually baited and made
of bamboo, chicken wire,
rattan, and other suitable
materials.
Fish pots
A guiding barrier
constructed of bamboo,
brush, or chicken wire
which is set in tidal waters
or along natural ways of
fish.
Fish Coral
method of lines fishing
with hooks that follows
the principle of offering
the fish real or artificial
bait which it tries to catch
Fishing with lines
A type of gear that works
on the principle of
covering the fish with a
gear.
Falling Gear
Usually made of woven or
knitted fibers with mesh to
confine the fish. which
are stationary nets attached to
the lake bottom that capture fish
by guiding them into enclosures.
Fish Impounding Nets
nets that take fish by
submerging a hanging net
and swiftly lifting the gear
to capture or enclose the
fish over it.
Scooping nets
a gear that uses a scare line or
other devices to frighten the fish
toward the net. The harvest of
the fish is affected by the lifting
process of the nets.
Dive-in-Gear
nets which are pulled
through the water or near
the bottom even
pelagically for an
unlimited time
Dragged Gear
nets that consist of a bust or bag with
very long wings or towing warps. The
capture of fish is done by surrounding
a certain area of water with schools of
fish and towing the gear over this area
with both ends to a fixed point on the
shore or on a vessel
Seine Nets
fishing devices made of long
walls of webbings; capture of
fish is by surrounding the fish
not only from the side but also
from beneath.
Surrounding Nets
simple walled curtain-
like nets set vertically
in the water
Gills Nets
a method of catching fish that
jump. They fall into a horizontal
floating or suspended net, raft
trap, or even in an empty boat
box (pangsiriw in Iloko)
Traps for jumping or flying fishes
is a natural unit of living and
nonliving parts that interact to
produce a stable system.
Ecosystem
is the study of ecosystems, or
how living things relate to the
environment and to one another.
Ecology
ecosystems depend on the
terrestrial ecosystems for large
quantities of organic and
inorganic matter which are
constantly added into them by
the communities growing on
nearby land.
Freshwater
coming from the Latin term Lentus, means
the aquatic system is moving very slowly,
so slowly that the water appears to be
motionless or nearly so. Examples of lentic
systems are ponds, lakes, wetlands,
swamps, and marshes.
Lentic System
is a small area of still, fresh
water. It is different from a river
or a stream because it does not
have moving water and it differs
from a lake because it has a
small area and is no more than
around 1.8m deep.
Pond
According to the Water
Framework Directive, a lake is
"a body of standing inland
surface water" with a surface
area larger than 50 ha. They are
found in basins or depressions
formed in the landscape.
Lake
is an area of land that is either covered by water or
saturated with water. The water is often groundwater,
seeping up from an aquifer or spring.
is entirely covered by water at least part of the year. The
depth and duration of this seasonal flooding varies.
They are neither totally dry land nor totally underwater;
they have characteristics of both.
Wetland
Permanently saturated, or filled,
with water. are dominated by
trees. They are often named for
the type of trees that grow in
them.
Swamp
is a type of wetland, an area of
land where water covers the
ground for long periods of time.
Unlike swamps, which are
dominated by trees, marshes are
usually treeless and dominated by
grasses and other herbaceous
plants.
Marshes
coming from Lotus, are
much faster flowing and you
can visibly see the running
water.
Lotic Ecosystem
Harvesting of aquatic resources and
production is done either in the wild
(capture fisheries) or in controlled
environments (aquaculture). Both use a
large variety of technologies - from
artisanal to highly industrial -
encompassing vessels and equipment as
well as fishing gears and methods.
Aquaculture Technology
Although aquaculture has been
around for ________, the
industry is still young and
growing.
4,000 years
farmers can inspect nets quickly and
without leaving their desks. It takes around
30 minutes to capture a 270-degree video
for top-to-bottom net inspection. Moreover,
side-facing cameras enable lateral
inspections with
Remotely Operated
Vehicle
grow fish in the open sea and
robots can examine and-, if
necessary, repair nets, offering
a safer and more efficient way of
fish farming and operation
management.
Robotic Cages for fishing
can replace expensive human
intervention and can dive
underwater multiple times for net
inspection and monitoring the
health of fish farms.
Drones to take a dive
Not only for capturing videos, but also for
underwater navigation, water pH data
collection, and collection of several data
including oxygen level, salinity, pollutants,
and turbidity. Can help monitor heart rate
and metabolism. With the help of this data,
farmers can easily create an ideal
environment for their aquaculture and get
better yields.
 Sensors for
sustainable fish
farming
can help detect underwater pollution and
alert farmers before the environment harms
aquaculture. This way, fish farmers can
send out robots to rectify the situation.
Artificial intelligence
for decision-making
provides employment and economic benefits to large
sections of society. It encompasses various processes
of catching aquatic organisms. Use of fishing methods
varies, depending on the types of fisheries, and can
range from as simple a process as gathering aquatic
organisms by hand picking to highly sophisticated fish
harvesting systems, viz. aimed mid-water trawling or
purse seining conducted from large fishing vessels.
Fish Capture Technology
is fishing with hands practiced in
the South of the United States.
Fishermen catch catfish by sticking
their hands into a catfish hole
where this fish lives.
Noodling
is a method of fishing practiced in
the Scottish village of Palnackie on
every August. People compete to
catch the flounder (which is a
species of flatfish) by stamping on
them.
Flounder Tramping
is fishing with ordinary spears or with their
variants like harpoons, tridents, arrows,
Hawaiian slings, and spearguns. It is one of the
oldest methods of fishing. The equipment
developed from a simple hand-held spear to
the modern speargun.
Spearfishing
is method of fishing which uses fishing nets.
There are many types of nets for different uses
and different fish. Cast net (or throw net) is a
smaller round net with weights on it edges.
Gillnet is placed in water vertically (using
combination of weights and floats) and catches
fish which try to pass through it. Trawl net is
large, conical a dragged by ship.
Netting
fishing with a hook (angle), line,
and rod. The hook has bait on it
and is sometimes weighted with a
sinker. It is the sport or recreational
activity of fishing with a rod and
line where catching fish is the aim
Angling
uses artificial flies as lures with
specially constructed fly rods and
fly lines. Artificial flies are usually
handmade in a variety of shapes.
Fly Fishing
is angling with heavy weight at the
bottom of water. It can be done
from boats and from the land and
its aim is catching the fish that lives
at the bottom.
Bottom Fishing
is the practice of catching fish with
lines and fish hooks or spears
through an opening in the ice on a
frozen body of water.
Ice Fishing
is fishing from a small inflatable
boat (very small). It is used for fly
fishing; fishermen don’t scare the
fish with splashing.
Fishing from float tube
is using kites to carry lines and fishhooks to
places that are not easily reachable. It was
invented in China and it is still used in New
Guinea and other Pacific Islands. Kite fishing
also affords fishermen the opportunity to fish
with more than one line.
Kite Fishing
is fishing done with traps. Basket weir fish traps
are woven from branches and made so a fish
can enter it but not exit. Lobster traps are
similar to basket traps but are smaller and have
more compartments. A fishing weir is a large
trap made of logs and fences, placed in water
to force fish to enter parts of trap from which it
can not exit.
Trapping
has been practiced in China and Japan
since the 14th century. It uses trained
cormorants with a ring on their neck
which prevents the bird from
swallowing the fish when it catches it.
Instead, it brings the fish to the
fisherman.
Cormorant Fishing
is a method used in freshwater by
fisheries scientists. Electricity is
used to stun fish, check fish
population, and then return it to
water unharmed.
ElectroFishing