1

() HOW TO DEAL WITH FEARS DURING PRESENTATION?

An effective presentation makes the best use of the relationship between the
presenter and the audience. It takes full consideration of the audience's needs in
order to capture their interest, develop their understanding. inspire their
confidence and achieve the presenter's objectives.

Glossophobia, or the fear of public speaking is a very common form

of anxiety and one that is believed to affect upto 75% of the population.It
can range from slight nervousness to paralyzing fear and panic. Many
people with this fear avoid public speaking situations altogether, or they
suffer through them with speaking hands and a quavering(shivering,
fearing) voice. But with preparation and persistence you can overcome the
fear of public speaking.

These are the steps to overcome the fear during presentation:

Know your topic. The better you understand what you're talking aboui --
2id the more you care about the topic - the less likely you'l! make a riisiake
cr get off track. And if you do get lost. you'll be able to recover quickly. Take
Some time to consider what questions the audience may ask and have your
responses ready.
Get organized. Ahead of time, carefully plan out the information youwan: s
frosent. including any props, audio or visual aids. +he moreorganized y0:i
are, he iess nervous yoU'll be. Use an outline on a stualcara lo slay pr
insin:"S iact: wnere yo, De Dea:rC2 e

Fractice. and then practice some more. PraciIce your comcBele

tresentation several times. Do it for some people you're comfortabie thh 2n!
ask for feedback. It may also be helpfulto practice with a few people wilh
whom you're less familiar. Consider making a video of your presentation so
youcan watch it and see opportunities for improvement.
Challenge specific worries. When you're afraid of something. you may
overestimate the likelihood of bad things happening. List your specific
worries. Then directly challenge them by identifying probable and alternat1ve
outcomes and any objective evidence that supports each worry or the
likelihood thal your feared outcomes wil happen.
Visualize your success. Imagine that your presentation will go well. Positive
4) thoughts can help decrease some of your negativity about your Sociai
performance and relieve some anxiety.
Do some deep breathing. This can be very calming. Take two or nnore deep.
slow breaths before you get up to the podium (small table on which a person
rOa, stand to be seen by an audience)and during yur speech
Focus on your material, not on your audience. People mainly pay
attent1on tonew information - not how it's presented. They may not notice

1
 2

members do notice thal you're nervouS

If audience success.
your nervOUsness. wanl your presentation to be a you're saying or
for you and track of what
may root moment of silence. If you lose
Don't fear a blank, it may seem like you've been
your mind goes seconds. Even if it's
start to feel nervous and it's
reality. probably only afew
silent for an eternity. In minda pause to consider what you've
audience won't
longer, i's likely your deep breaths.
been saying.Just take a few slow, speech or presentation. give yourself a
Recognize your success. After your
been perfect. butchances are youre tar
pat on the back. It may not have audience is. See if any of your speciic
more criticalof yourself than your
actually ocCurred. Everyone makes mistakes. Look al any mistakes
wOrmes
you made as an opportunity to improve your skills.
who have diticuty
Get support. Jona group that offers supDort for people
Toastmasters. a nonprM
Yith public speak1ng. One effective resourceis
Organization with local chapters that focuses on train1ng people in speaing
and leadership skills.

By using these above mentioned techniques you can easily overcome the tear
that arise during the time of presentation.

HOW TO PLAN YOUR PRESENTATION?

Planning is an important step in a presentation. Planningallows asystematic
preseriiauon. it aiows tie iexibiity ano inyruves ine sesoufce uilizdui!!. i
provides motivation and commitment. And also it improves our individual
performances.
Asuccessful presenter will follow the three P'sof a presentation: prepare,
practice and present. At each of these stages presenter have to watch out for
pitfalls that can trip them up.
Seven stages in planning a presentation:
1. Preparation

Many factors affect the design of your presentation. Apowerful presenter will
acknowledge andaddress each of the following:

objectives,
audience;
venue;
Remit.

Objectives

2
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achieve a
whereas levels
prepare understand? to What formal your
objectives? appeal might
have a
make
example, and have practicai
your like? less suit
to and
involve the
yourself: your theatre
wantyou argument, interests topic? to a with to
to these view?of you
already clearfail
be create room
youOnceposition following
your membermight
that room relationship
For understood? your will lecture
what Ask acknowledge of withyou might the
them. presentation.
balanced meet experiences, ensure
This the
might
about point of
beller approach. take each concepis
mind to needs.needs, will large
r0om create? arrangement
with theyparticular
much to presentation know forto
information What your
in away a have yourself: A seminar
Bear require audience to
different things questions
their audience's
abstract create? to affect
a
your creative
to already presentation? wish
take need a
in
presentation?
areof
audience to to for the use?
arrangement
might Ask level conditions
a you
to tone more your your over these
3
of will material
audience enoughexplaining Similarly, change
you
3
you
audience your
variety accordingly.
presenter them do
andgroup want design right
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have your atmosphere can
designrequire you theOr imagination. physical atmosphere. to aids
your seminar want best a
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our the yourself:
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o
 4

will need to
TOu may well have been given a remit for yOur presentation; you paper at a
SuCk to this, For example, you may haye been asked to present a
COnTarence in a Certain style or meet certain assessment criteria on your course.
Ask yourself:
How much time have you been alocated?
Are yourequired to stick to a common format or style?
Have any guidelines been set regardingthe content of your presentation
(.e. apredetermined title,or a fixed number of overhead transparencies)?
2. Choosing your main
points
Once you have thought about the design of your
Joa naln points. Try presenting no more than three presentation. you cán derine
main points in aten minute
presentation. Always allow time for an adeguate introduction and conclusion. It is
almicult for an audience to follow a more complex
eT irom the presenter.A powerful argument without significant
Structured manner, presentation delivers information
building on the previous point and avoiding large in a logical,
sequence. Ask yourself: jumps in
What are the main
Are these points points you wish to
structured in a logical,make?
Do these main points coherent way?
reflect your own objectives
needs of your audience? and take account of the
3.Gho your supporting9 ntormation
Ahe supporting
information
with your main points. helps your audience
understand,
This
detail or an explanation of evidenceIt might take the form
believe in and
of factual data, agree
using diagrams, pictures orprocess. might be presented in points of
vide0 segments. Think about: imaginative ways
What will add clarity to your
reminding argument (explaining complex terms,
your audience of any
What willadd authority to your supporting theories)?
people's work, quoting experts,argument (making connections with other
offering evidence from
research)? your own
What will add color to your
using a practical example orargument
a vibrant(showing
a video clip or a
slide.
analogy)?
4. Establishing linking
statements
The next stage is to develop the
achieved by using linking linear floW of your
statements show clearlypresentation.
together. Commnon linking statements toinclude:
This can be
how your main points ft
 The next stage in ou
"Anotherimportant kssueproject
of
was to
By folBowng this
argument consKderabon wAs
we can now see that
Linking statements send Signals to your
your argument, lnking to earier ideas oraudience. highlighting the next pont in
your argument overall. This may be of cdaitying the stage you have reached in
presentaion where even the most particular imporance in a lengthy
effective presenter has to work hard to keep
an audience involved.

5. Developing an opening

{1he introducion to your presentation is crucial. It is your first point of contact with
your audience: youcan either capture or lose your audience's interest in a matter
of seconds. Use your introduction to lay a clear foundation for the presentation to
follow. Try using the following structure:
introduce yourself.
state what you will be talking about (a title or subject area):
state how you will be talking about it (e.g. by comparing test results or
reviewing the suppoting literature):
(an infomed
state what you intend to be the outcome of your presentation
group, a lively discussion);
noles, read a
State what you expect your audience to do (listen, take
handout, ask questons beforelduinglafter
information before movng
Always give yoUr audience a moment to absorb this
into your first main point.

6. Developing a conclusion
presentation. You can use it
Your conclusion is another important stage in your
draw these points to a stimulating
\toremind your audience of your main points,lasting
Conclusion and leave your audience with a impression of the quality of
your presentation. Thefollowingstructure provides apowerful conclusion:
presentation I wanted to
Areview of your title or subject area In this
Y.:
explore the relationship between Xand discussed the following
Asummary of your main points We have
points.
By looking at X we
asummary of the process you have been through
have found that Y...";
supported
conclusion clearly drawn from your main points (this must be
a
that there can be no
bythe detail of your presentation)"t is clear
substantive relationship between Xand Y

5
 thoughBs(his might bo a
Aparting slatement to stimulate your audience's
questlon or a bold comment).
7. Rovlewlng your presentatlon
content.
you nave wrltten your presentatlon make sure that youreview its
Ask yourself.:
Does the presentation meet your objectivest
Is it logicaly structured?
Have you targeted the material at the right level for your audlence?
Is the presentation too long or too
short?

HOW TO STRUCTURING YOUR

PRESENTATION?
naving worked out your key
structure the content of your message and main points, the next stage is to
presentatlon. Just
Writing. apresentation can be dlvided into threelike other forms of academic
parts: an introduction detailing
tne purpose and structure of the talk; a body
Conclusion summarizing and covering the main points, and a
template for your talk is givenhighlighting the significance of your talk. A
in the Presentations structure document.
Introduction
You may wish to capture the.
audience's interest and attentlon with a. story or
commentary on a current development that
problem/ dilemma. Or, you may first wish toraises
frame
an Important questlon /
your talk with brief context /
background, and then swiftly transition into a concise
al problem or debate that your key explantion of the issue/
message addresses.
step in your introduction is to clearly state the In elther case, the next
talk, for example using the following prompts. purpose or key message of the

'Today lwould like to talk atbout a highly

'This question is central to contested issue..."
will make the case that... understanding..."

If necessary, limit the scope of the presentation:

'Although there are several theories, this talk will
'focuses only on the private sector as opposed to only focus on two
the public sector
"Implementation, rather than policy formation, will be considered
Signpost the structurelapproach of the talk:

6
 "My case is based on three main points. Firstly...The second poinl is
that...This will then lead me to...Finally..,'

Body
This part of the talk provides the support for your main message. You should
discuss each of your main points in a clear and logical order. As you do, be
20 sure to explain how these points relate to each other and your key message:
'Turning to the next point..."
'Another important consideration is that..."
'Having examined..l'd now like to talk about..."
explained before
Allnecessary concepts and terms need to be defined and
your points.
being used. Examples can be used to effectively illustrate
Conclusion
talk:
Signpost that you have reached the end of the
"Inconclusion..."
"I'd like to finish by..."
process, remind the audience of the
Summaries the key points covered. In the
significance of the topic, the aims of your talk and demonstrate how you have
their attention and invite them to
met the aims. Thank the audience for
comment or ask questions.
Acknowledging others ideas
people's ideas, images, data etc..
As with all academic work, if you use other this
then yoU must appropriately acknowledge it in your presentation. You do
your visual aids. In text
through your spoken words or supply references on should also
(references can be kept brief toenable the audience to read. You
er-:n. ;
include a reference list slide at. the end of your presentation. See
resources for more information.

WHAT ARE THE TECHNIQUES OF DELIERING A PRESENTATION?

3)dissem1nalion of your worh and highlight work that may not receive alleo )
Wutten fcm Dr Philip E ßourne is a prries.(r In the Nepamer:

7
 1.Talk to the Audience
Know your audience - their backgrounds and knowledge level of the material you
are presenting and what they are hoping to get out of the presentation. Deliver
what the audience wants to hear.

2: Less is Mone
Your knowledge of the subiect is best expressed through a clear and
concise
presentation that iS provocative and leads to a dialog during the question
dnsiver SeSsion when the audicnce becomes active ano
roul xawledoe of the material particapants
w1ll ikely becore lea
At thati point

eSCallon of unnteestung pIelrary ate

J Make the
25 Ag00d rule Take-Home
of thumb NMessage Persistent
Ihis. if you ask a
about your he or she sheutdmeniber
of tho udencE a
presentation,
1hese are the key points you be atle tc :eaer
ob lf they can
remember
were trying i0 get
any three puints. but aCrOsS
rer:rhereeç
Vou have tone i :
emphasis
points!
was wrong. It is not the
obvious what it means if theykevcannot ponis ther :C0
recali ihree

riddte and an
and you have aend. You setthe
stagebeginring you
understood.
big finish (the end) where the take-hometelimessage
he
stornGtej.
is clearty
6: Treat the Floor as a Stage
Presentations should be entertaining, but do not overdo it and do
limits. If you are not know your
not good at telling humorous do nature, do not try and be humorous, If vou are
by
anecdotes, not try and tell anecdotes, and soon. A
entertainer will captivate the audience and improve his or good
Rule 4. chances following
of

7:Practice and Time Your Presentation

The more you practice. the less
likeBy you
presentations yougive, the belter you are will be to go off on langenis The
going to get An mportant talk
more
not be given for the first time to arn shoutd
i itto your research audience of peers. You should have
collaboralors wBho will be kinder and gentler but still delsvered
obvious discrepancies. Even more important when pont out
stick to what you practice y0u qive the presentat:on

8
 .NdVOU will Un OVer ime
me lo get the ObvioUSly Sone visals arc uck rihers 1ak:
nessaje aG0SS AvD0 TGadng the VIual uniess
cmphas1ZC Ihe: pont explicitly. Ihe visual should sipport whal yosyo 1sh to
Pither for emphas1s or with data to prOV Ihe are say1ng
the visSual Make the points few and clear
verbal pGint Finally do not overlua!

(} Rovew Audi and'oriVdon of Yt

HOWTO DELIVERING THE PRESENTATION WELL

presentation well here are some simple
Orce you have rehearsed the
presentation effectively
suggestions to consider in delivering the

Dress appropriately
omthe context disciclinary
Oress appropriately forthe presentation based

Arrive early
arrive us! in ime or lale.
Arnve early for the presentation. and do not

,Me1 the moderator

perSon el!
noderator ho w!l introduce vou, meet tha:
If tngre is a presertat:on n the rOom on Ume
adyance gf the preser:taion so he or she knows yoy are
n

plesenalion and eitier reques:

J:Cte figi yoi hardle qUEsIons durng !he
 oiher wher Dronoune
tnere. O. Omake5E: empha_1zetihe
pres;italion sNI
yC. delivery
Some or do raise
being OieC. water some i
to 2skeJ:Ser" J' and Speak
of to ennE
up tor drink as pace or dowa
the walkthem t autien. senlences. attention Say.
presentalion may your
if
oresentation starts, follow. sloto
thank timerrasentit You avoid
idea have
can
presentation an
presentation, thrOUgh to audience par:cular
youyou
andpresentation. aG
presentation
cf to audience
your vour
H front speak, pont.
what
yourself. presentation. 10
yourof you. rush gain
befuff
load in express
youthe to this
about en!husiasm.
10 middle
conl1nue allotted starnd
the to your not
introduce
the tools
pro.etoy listenung whichfor voice Al
beforeduring do slow pontdistinctly.
the you clearly
during
the and your
wll in yourpresentation when in t00 a and Use
appropriate
qestures
the comfortable during clearly, pace make
voufreezes lime audience,
ease before eat pace or of
inflection andvoice
to
confidence
to smile guUm
how free or thefast !0 clearly
at device gumbeverages
t and
they
get even
nervous.
or Greet
the
audience you
some visuals
use and
chew to too iryingyour
decide
fails the Speak
clearly
slowly attention
feel chew irep an either the
of put your plan
topresenlalion pleasant or arewords
of authority,
technologyhave
JSMilarly, memberS
may audience
eat
at Change volume
Conlent
Smile notallowed
a Speak Speak being you
you This Loadyou Don't Take Pay the
Be Do 1f
I"
(
 Make propeteye contact
5 Make proper eye contact that is, look at the audience from one side of the ton
(o the other side. and from the front row to the last row. Do not look down the
whole time, and do nÍt focus on Just one side of the room or just the ront ro*
the audience

Snd besie th: s e r

3 Dot tak o the scrern orhed

preseniaion devce. look at h: n ; 3
Do not talk io lhe screen or he

:Dortant on the sIeens Ou present.

Do nÍt read ine-by-line

Someone in the
Do not readpresentation
riatenais ine-by-iine unless there is
f!t iS a gUoie th·t
210(ce whO IS VISually-ipaired and cannot see the slide, o
0u have io read verbatim i emphasize.

i 0!
not know whal C SaV, fepl fre
: 0 get stuk ona poinl a1d do
iotes to continue.

Use the microphone effectively

where a haniheld microphone is needed
if you are presentng in a large room it.
and speak directly into
hcld the microphone near your mouth
lanyuage
Do no! curse or uSe nappropate

34

11
 12

[o not (onchude abuptly

say1ng "This is il" of Tm done
Do not conclude he presentation abruptlv by
thanking the audience tor
Conclude properly hy sunnarizng the topic and
listening.
Be considerale of the next presenter
Afler your preserntalion and the question and answer part are over. remove your
presentation materials from the desk or the podium, andclose any open
presentat1o" oftwar o the next presente can get ready quickly

star and isten to tte setations.

12
 MODDLE2
ELEMLNTS OFCOMM1UNICATION

'ace-to-uce comunsatlon
l'ace-to-fuce communlcatlon is having the ablllty to see the other personor people
durlng ACOnversatlon. Ii'% an opportunlty to exchange more than just words beCause
Hi both the speaker and listener(u) can observe and adjust based on
bod, langu2 and
Cxpression. Thls two-wuy communieation engages all parties in a deeper, more
meaningul conversatlon - ideal for problem-solving, providing clarity and bullding
camaraderie and stronger relationslhips. And now with technology, it doesn't have to he
in the sAme physicnl spaCe, Zoom, Microsoft Teans or an infornal Face Tíme chat can
offer the same benefits and connection.

Pros of facç-t0-face communication

I) Allows reading of body language
Face-t0-face communication allows efficiency in channeling of information from the
peaker tothe listener. It allows the listener to not only hear information but also
observe carefully on the speaker's bodylanguage, facialexpressions, and gestures.
These visual cues generally improve the ability of two persons to effectively
communicate with each otlher without missing a hint of the message.
2) Builds trust and transparency
Iace-t0-face mectings are normally eflective in helping create trust and understanding
betn cen theparties communieating. This channel of comnunication is particularly
important in busincsses and in silutions whcrc important deals necd to be made.
\leeting face-to-face inthe same room shows commitment, while dispelling any fears
that nnay exist between the two parties. Bringing people together in a face-to-face
meeting is alsoimportant as it creates an atmosphere of equality while elininating any
lifferenvebelnren leadership and poer that high-ranking officials in the meeting nay
show.

3) Enhances productivity
Facc-to-face comnunication is also important as it helps a company to boos!
producti ity, Sharing of vital information during a one-on-one mceting in a boardroon
gives atlendants avital opportunity to brainstornn over atask without the limitations
and contincsof time. Thisis as opposed to channels of communication suchas plhong
based conversationsor even videoconferencing where meetings may be cut short as a
way of reducing on comunication costs.

4)Allows discussion and conclusions

ace-tu-lace meetings are uormally lhighly clTeetive as thes aon for allculan o
In nto gethe in produetive discuvsions and constructisearguments. The
likelilhood ol conchudingthe meeting nith mwaningful findings is herelore yuite higb. In
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 RODLLANGUAGE

While the key tosuccess In both personal and professlonal relatlonships lles in your
buf your nonverbal cues or
ability to communicate wel, It's not the words tlhat you use
the use ofphysicel behavior,
"body language" that speakthe loudest. Body langungeIs
nonverhally, often done Instinetlvely
Crpressions, and mannerisus to communlcate
rather than consciously.
continuously
you interact with others, you're
Whether you're aware of it or not, when
behaviors-the gestures
Allof your nonverbal
)giving and recciving wordless signals. make--send
posturc, your tone of voice, how much eye contact you
you make, your towards vou.
They can put people at eAse, buildtrust, and draw others
strong messages. These
can offend, confuse, and undermine whal you're trying to convey.
or they silent, you're still
don'tstop when you stop speaking either. Even when you're
messages
communicating nonverbally.
communicate through
instances, what comes out of your mouth and what you
In some
different things. If yousay one thing, butyour
your body language may be two totally you're being
your listener willlikely feel that
body language says something elsc, faced with
your head no, for example. When
dishonest. If you say "yes*" while shaking
choose whether to believe your verbal or
such mixed signals, the listener has to
natural, unconscious language that
nonverbalmessage. Since body language is a
likely choose the nonverbal
broadcasts your true feelings and intentions, they'll
message.

|Read: Effective Communication|

However, by improving how you understand and use nonverbal communication, you
can express what you really mean, connect better with others, and build stronger, more
rewarding relationships.

The importance of nonverbal communication

Your nonverbal communicationcues--the way youlisten, look, move, and react-tell

the personyou're communicating with whether or not you care, if you're being truthful,
und how wellyou're listening. When your nonverbal signals match up with the words
you're saying, they increase trust, clarity, and rapport. When they
don't, they can
gencrate tension, mistrust, and confusion.

If youwnt tobecome a better

communicator, it's important to hecome more sensitive
not only to thebody language and
nonverbalcues of others, but also to your own.
Nonverbal communication can play five roles:
" Repetition: It repeats and often strengthens the
Contradiction: It can contradict the message you're msking verbally.
message you're
indicating to your listener that you may not be tellingtrying to convey, thus
the
Substitution: It can substitute for a verbal message. For truth.
expression often conveys a far more vivid message than example, your tacial
Complementing: It may add to or words ever can.
you pat an complement your verbal message. As a
employee on the back in addition to giving praise, it can boss, if
impact of your message. increase the
Accenting: It may accent or underlineaverbal 1
example, can underline the importance of your
message. Pounding the table, for
message.
VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Verbalcommunication:include
effective way of sounds, words, language, aud specch. Speaking is an
communicating
form of communication and
is further
helpsin expressing our emotionsin words: This
classified intofour types,which are:
1. Intrapersonal Communication
This form of
communication is extremnely private and restricted to ourselves. It
the silent conversations we have with
sender and receiver whoare processingourselves, wherein we juggle roles betweenincludes
the
our
communication when analyzed can either bethoughts and actions. This process of
conveyed verbally to someone or stay
confined as thoughts.
2. Interpersonal Communication
This form of communication takes
one conversation. Here, the two place between two individuals and is thus a one-on
receiver in order to communicateindividuals involved will swap their roles of sender and
in a clearer manner.
3. SmallGroup Communication
This type of communication can take
involved. Here the number of people place
will
only when there are more than two
be smallenough to allow each people
interact and converse with the rest. Press participant to
conferences,
meetings are examples of group communication. Unless a board meetings, and team
specific
discussed, smallgroup discussions can become chaoticand dificult to issue is being
interpret by
cverybod,. This lag in understanding information completely can result in
nsiscommunication.
4. Public Communication

Thistype of communication takes place when one individual addresses a large

gathering of people. Election campuigos and pulblic speeches are example of this type nf
communication. In such cases, there is usually asingle sender of information and
several reccivers who arc being addressed.
COMMUNICATION STYLES

there, and it is important to know

There are many different communication styles out
styles that will make it easier to
them for youto identify your own. There are some which promoles effective
communicate with other people without disrespecting them, relationships.
communication, reduces conflict and promotes healthy
develop effective and assertive
Knowing the different styles will help youright place and situation to use an effective
communication skills. You will know the
means you respect yourself and other people. It is the ability to
style. Being assertive open, specific and honest
communicate your thoughts and feelings using
communication.
very
will always have it your way, but it is wbat you
Being more assertive doesn't mean you Even if the outcome is not
constructive in helping you achieve a compromise.
handled it well, and it reduces the chance
expected, you will be satisfied because you
person involved. Assertive
the other
there are hard feelings between you and some
communication isn't askill reserved for a few, anybody can do it, but it will need
time and practice before you master it.
and master it from the comfort of your
The good thing is that youcan easily practice
friend you trust to give you honest
OWn bome. You can practice it on your own or get a
to, how best to start
feedback. You also need to think about the person you are talking
interaction.
with the
your communication and the best way you can cope
can start to
You willfirst need to identify your usual communicationstyle before you
different communication styles
practice to communicate assertively. There are many
communication styles you
out there, but tbese are the most common. These are 7great
are
can use to achieve your goals. Not all of the 7great communication styles below
recommended but can help you when used in the right situation.

Assertive
This is one of the most recommendedcommunication styles and reflects and promotes
high self-esteem. It is a healthy style of communication and allows you to more likely
achieve what youare looking to achieve. With assertiveness, you have the confidence of
communicating without having toemploy manipulation or games. You know your limits
and you don't allow yourself to be pushed beyond them just because the other person
wants or needs something from you. Surprisingly, this is the least used style.
 gnk witbyt having tu hurt
pern rmplntnz thsstyle w! br ahe to schirve their
other. They prmeet thir mn rrdts whlle hetng respectful uf vtber people's nghis and
1hey knm ham ta expren themmres orially and emotiunally, Aurtive
(ommnk tin mean makinz chuke and1akinz responsibility lur them, 2sking directls
what need to e met, etprewinz felinzs with I tatements and accepting that there is
povsibifity of dhagreement.
It aka ivtes zmd rye ontact, UM f even. rounded. and espansíve gestures, and
medinm pfteh, petd,and vlem.
Peple n the recting end are able to he clear about what is epected or felt becaUse
they know where they stand. Thh ill mean more respect 2nd makes it much tasier to
coMmsiete. With tve commU nication stye. vou feel gud about yourself, 2nd
leve the AherperfeehrZ eperted znd heard.
The agzrnive Style
Thie tyle invotve winnin2 even if it is at wmeone el's expene.
People employing this
rnethod umally ed ike their peeds are far much myre important th2n that of other
perpk. They feel like they have more rizhts and re the ones who contribute more
compared to other people. This i not an effective way of communicating because
will be mrt foeUKd n reactin2 to hn it is delivered than people
the message itselí.
Aggrive communication can invlve using
voice. lt relies yn intimidating, not rpecting frightening, loud, threatening and hostile
r bullsing other people in order to
zchievt their gral, they are alm asy out ty win. Their posture
Zn1 they ue faf. hig and sharp gestures when talking. Fversseems bigger than others
commnicate s thre to intimiate the other perwD2nd make method they emplos to
hern do nbat they #ant.
Manyptople try their'bet to avoid eonfrontatson, and this is why there are people whó
wildo wht they don'l want toin order to endthe confrotatíon. The person on the
receiving end wi become uncooperative, defensive, hurt, and afraíd, bumiliated, and
wifl lose respect for the agresive person. There are people who will tend to figbt back
2nd become agzsesíve. Thr s pever a good place to be in because it can sometimes
reult in physícal andverbal violence. People will find it hard to report any mistake and
problems toan 222rsive pern because they fear a "blow up" Ultimately conflict and
unheathy rlationships resut.

The Pvsíve-Aggressive Style

Thh communication stye involves being passive on the surface but 2ctually acting out
anger indírectty or behind the scenes. In order to deal with an overwhelming lack of
power. prisoners of war will resort to employing this communication style. People who
opt Sor this style are thoe who feel like they have no power and are resentful. They
DsUallyexpress their feelings through the subtle undermining of the object (real or
imagined) of their resentment - even if it means sabotaging themselves. The perfect wav
todeseribe this method ik the expression "Cutting off your nose to spite your face".
People who use this style are often indirectly aggresive, devious, sulky, complaining.
devlous, andpatronízing, They gosip and are two faced, they will pretend to be
pleasant to people to their faces, but become poisonous behind their backs by using
rumour, sabotage. They try their best to present a perfect picture. but they are doing
the opposite on the back. They are able to fool people because they use a sweet and