GREEN DEVELOPMENT:USING PLASTIC WASTE IN PAVER BLOCKS
NAME OF AUTHOURS:-KARTIK SURYAVANSHI & KARTIK JAYBHAYE
GUIDE:-Dr.R.S.BANG HOD:-Dr.S.L.HAKE
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC JALNA
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ABSTRACT
This paper explores sustainable practices in green development by investigating the utilization of waste plastic
and crushed sand for manufacturing paver blocks. The study assesses the environmental benefits of recycling
plastic waste, the mechanical properties of the resulting paver blocks, and their potential contribution to eco-
friendly urban infrastructure. By integrating recycled materials into construction, this research advocates for a
circular economy approach, aiming to reduce plastic pollution, promote resource efficiency, and advance
environmentally conscious building practices.
INTRODUCTION
Every day, plastic pollution is becoming a bigger problem, harming the environment. This paper looks at a
solution for this issue by using waste plastic to make paving blocks. The world is using a lot of plastic, and it’s
causing a lot of problems for our planet. In India, there’s a big issue with plastic waste—every day, a lot of it is
generated. People use a ton of plastic for things like packaging and bottles, and it’s causing problems for the
environment. The exact amount of plastic waste each day is somewhere between 15,000 to 25,000 tons. This is
a big challenge because too much plastic hurts nature, our health, and makes it hard to manage our waste
properly. As India continues to grow, we need to find ways to handle all this plastic better. At the same time,
there’s not enough natural sand for construction, so we’re looking into using crushed sand made from crushing
rocks. Crushed sand, a by product obtained during the creation of gravel using crushers, is emerging as an
alternative. However, alongside its benefits, crushed sand poses environmental challenges. This exploration
delves into the potential impacts of crushed sand on the environment, examining concerns such as disrupting
habitats, altering water flow patterns, and leaving lasting effects on nature. This research is about using recycled
plastic and crushed sand together to make paving blocks. The goal is to help the environment by reducing plastic
pollution, dealing with the lack of natural sand, and creating more sustainable ways to build our cities. The idea
is not just about solving the plastic issue but also about dealing with the lack of sand and making our cities in a
way that’s friendlier to our planet. By doing this, we hope to make a positive impact on the environment and
create a better future for our cities. This could be a good solution to reduce plastic problems, deal with the lack
of sand, and make our cities in a way that’s better for the Earth.
LITURETURE SURVEY
• Pooja Bhatia Most of the developing nations lack a proper solid waste management system owing to the
difficulties faced during The sample collection and treatment phases. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)
contributes as a major source of such pollution due To the widespread use of its products which include
water sachets, thin bags, wrapping paper, etc. The waste plastic which is disposal In landfilling that will
affect the ground water tale as well as surrounding soil. A relatively simple technology has been proposed
in This paper that produces LDPE-bonded crushed sand blocks and pavers. The density and compressive
strength were found to be increased As the particle size of the crushed sand were decreased. The samples
also exhibited far superior impact resistance as compared to traditional Clay paver blocks.
• Aarti Ghude Plastic is a non-biodegradable material. The plastic waste in municipal solid waste is Increased
rapidly day by day. When we need to use of plastic that time is very important to use of plastic after using
of plastic they can use as a reuse. Plastic is Of many different types such as High-Density Poly-ethylene
(HDPE), This project aims to replace the bonding given by cement in Paver blocks with the melted plastic
waste. The degradation of plastic is a very long process; it may take thousands of years. Hence, A project
helps reduce plastic waste. In this project, we have used plastic waste in different ratios with fine and coarse
aggregate. The paver blocks were prepared and tested. The water absorption capacity of the plastic paver
block is less.
• . Arjun Kumar S. Ganesh Babu in addition, with waste plastic waste lime sludge from the paper industry
replaces fine aggregate. In project, we have to use lime sludge, waste plastic in different proportion with
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sand. The paver block is tested and we discussed About all test. Because of population increment the
production of plastic waste is also increased. We will be using the method of Land filling for disposal of
plastic which is very important. So, we can use the plastic in paver block.
• Avinash G B, Roja A P, Santosh M R the Plastic Pavers are prepared by utilizing waste plastics. A large
amount of plastic is being Brought into the separation regions are discarded or burned which leads to the
contamination of the environment and air. The heated Of waste plastic and then added crushed sand in it
which is manually carried out as well as mechanically. In this present work, the Plastic Paver is made by
adding 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% of plastic waste by weight of crushed sand required to fill the mold of
pavers. In that Four-trial works, it is found that a minimum of 60% waste additive is required to get the
desired shape of the mold and 70% waste Additive.
METHDOLOGY
In the project crushed sand and plastic waste is used for manufacturing paving block . In convention concrete
paving block use cement, sand, and aggregate with water. Cement is used for the binding material in the paving
block, But the recycled plastic paving block required only crushed sand and plastic. Where the plastic is used
as a binder in the paving block.
MATERIAL SELECTION AND ITS PROPERTIES
For Manufacturing of plastic paver blocks
cement, Quarry dust, coarse aggregates, water
and waste plastic bags are essential materials.
Here in case of regular concrete paver blocks,
waste plastic is not used and on different hand
plastic paver blocks manufactured without use
of water as it carries melted waste plastic .
MIX DESIGN (1:3)
In this process of manufacturing plastic paving block mix design is not given proper calculation. This mix design
depends on the trial-and-error method while during the manufacturing process In this we can used the mix ratio
of 1:3 where 1 part of plastic and 3 part of sand.
COLLECT THE PLASTIC WASTE
The manufacturing of plastic paving blocks requires a huge plastic. The weight of the plastic is very small so
the quantity of the plastic is required a huge quantity. The 1 kg plastic
requires 4 kg sand. Crushed sand is another material used in the
plastic paving block. The quantity of the crushed sand depends on
the plastic used for blocks.
PREPARATION OF THE MIXTURE
Plastic bag collected is needed and they should be roughly cleaned.
Weight the plastic and crushed sand with a proportion of the 1 part
of and 2 part of the plastic.The rate of the crushed sand and plastics
are depending on the type of the product The quantity of the
Mixture is determined to enable easy handling and transportation .
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HEATING THE MIXTURE
The mixture is progressively heated in a recycled half-barrel with continuous and strong mixing. Taking a
barrel and heat at constant temperature and placed the plastic at a proper weight. After melting the plastic add
slowly crushed sand in good proportion. stir this mixture constantly. During the mixing take care of proper
mixing.
MOULDING
Plastic wastes are heated in a metal bucket at a
temperature where the plastic can get in fully liquid form.
As a result of heating the plastic waste get melted. When
mixture of crushed sand and melted plastic is very hot it
is transferred into the mould and firmly levelled with a
trowel. Then it is compressed with a dedicated tool which
is designed as per paving block shape. After the moulding
the plastic paver blocks are get cooled in normal
temperature
UNMOLDING
When plastic is cool enough, the extraction of the paving block
out of the mold is immediate. It is only requiring a gentle pulling
off of the mould. Then paving block on their metallic support is
immerged in a tank with cold water.
RESULTS
• COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT TEST
As result the compressive strength of plastic paver blocks as load vs. displacement made to be on an average
700kn/m2.As no guidelines regarding factor of safety for such material of plastic paver blocks are available
factor of safety is assumed as 1.25 after compression test the strength is found to be 877.19 kn/m 2
then,877.29/1.25=701.725 kn/m2 .
• WATER ABSORPTION TEST
A lower percentage indicates that the blocks have good resistance to water absorption so From the test ,the water
absorption was found to be negligible as plastic is main content of blocks
• FLASH AND FIRE TEST
The flash and fire point test on plastic paver blocks was taken using standard procedure by the help of pensky
marten apparatus .for this ,small piece of paving blocks was cut downed and used to conduct test the results are
found to be are
1)FLASH =260 degree Celsius 2)FIRE =300 degree Celsius
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CONCLUSION
1. Environmental Impact: The use of plastic paver blocks contributes to recycling efforts by utilizing post-
consumer plastic waste. This helps in reducing the environmental burden associated with plastic disposal,
promoting a more circular and sustainable economy.
2. Waste Reduction: By incorporating plastic waste into construction materials like paver blocks, there is a
significant reduction in the amount of plastic ending up in landfills or polluting natural environments. This
waste-to-product approach aligns with the principles of the circular economy.
3. Energy Efficiency: Plastic paver blocks often require less energy to produce compared to traditional materials
like concrete or clay bricks. This results in a lower carbon footprint, contributing to energy conservation and
mitigating climate change impacts.
4. Durability and Performance: Plastic paver blocks can demonstrate excellent durability, weather resistance,
and low maintenance requirements. This makes them a viable alternative to conventional paving materials,
offering longevity and reducing the need for frequent replacements.
5. Innovative Design and Versatility: Plastic paver blocks come in various designs and colors, providing
architects and urban planners with creative options. This versatility allows for aesthetically pleasing and
functional designs, contributing to the overall visual appeal of green spaces.
6. Community Engagement: Implementing green development using plastic paver blocks can foster community
engagement. Local initiatives that involve recycling plastic waste for infrastructure projects can raise awareness
about environmental issues and encourage sustainable practices.
7. Economic Opportunities: The recycling and utilization of plastic waste for construction materials can create
economic opportunities, such as jobs in waste management, recycling industries, and the production of
innovative building materials
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