1.
Package and Imports:
o The code begins with the package declaration package application;, indicating that the
class Calc belongs to the application package.
o The following import statements bring in necessary classes from the JavaFX library and other
standard Java libraries:
import javafx.application.Application;: Imports
the Application class from the JavaFX library.
import javafx.beans.binding.Bindings;: Imports the Bindings class
for creating bindings between properties.
import javafx.beans.property.*;: Imports various property classes
(e.g., DoubleProperty, SimpleDoubleProperty) for managing property
values.
import javafx.geometry.Pos;: Imports the Pos enum for positioning
elements.
import javafx.scene.Scene;: Imports the Scene class for defining the
visual content of a JavaFX application.
import javafx.scene.control.*;: Imports various UI control classes
(e.g., Button, TextField).
import javafx.scene.input.KeyEvent;: Imports the KeyEvent class for
handling keyboard events.
import javafx.scene.layout.*;: Imports layout-related classes
(e.g., VBox, TilePane) for arranging UI elements.
import javafx.stage.*;: Imports classes related to application stages
(e.g., Stage, StageStyle).
2. Class Definition:
o The class Calc extends the Application class, which is a requirement for creating a
JavaFX application.
o The class contains various fields and methods for building a simple calculator application.
3. Template Array:
o The template array is a 2D array of strings. It represents the layout of calculator buttons,
where each string corresponds to a button label.
o For example, "7" represents the button with the label “7,” and "+" represents the addition
button.
4. Accelerators Map:
o The accelerators map is used to associate keyboard input (e.g., key presses) with specific
buttons. It maps key strings to Button objects.
5. Double Properties:
o stackValue and value are DoubleProperty objects. These properties are used to store
numeric values during calculations.
o stackValue represents a value stored in the calculator’s memory (e.g., for memory
operations).
o value represents the current input value.
6. Enum for Operations:
o The Op enum defines different calculator operations: NOOP (no
operation), ADD, SUBTRACT, MULTIPLY, and DIVIDE.
o curOp and stackOp are variables of type Op used to track the current operation and the
operation stored in the stack.
7. main Method:
o The main method is the entry point of the Java application. It launches the JavaFX
application by calling launch(args).
8. start Method:
o The start method is overridden from the Application class.
o It sets up the calculator’s user interface (UI) components, including the screen (TextField)
and buttons (TilePane).
o The UI is displayed in a non-resizable window with the title “Calculator.”
9. createLayout Method:
o This method creates the layout for the calculator UI by arranging the screen and buttons in a
vertical box (VBox).
o The background color is set to gold, and padding and font size are adjusted.
10. handleAccelerators Method:
o This method handles keyboard accelerators (shortcut keys) for calculator buttons.
o When a key is pressed, it looks up the corresponding button in the accelerators map.
