Paging (Wireless Networks)
at belajar , paging , telecom
Paging is a method of delivering a message, via a
private communications system or radio signal, to apublic or
person
whose exact whereabouts are unknown. Users as a rule carry a
small paging receiver that displays a numeric or alphanumeric
message displayed on an electronic readout or it could be sent
and received as voice message or other data.
Commercial paging service began in 1949 with the allocation of
frequencies exclusively dedicated to one-way signaling services.
Subscribers used AM receivers, listened for an operator to
announce their number, and then called the service to receive
their messages. Selective addressing (the ability to choose one
individual pager from the group) was introduced in the mid
1950's and FM was first used in an experimental paging system in
1960. Pagers with alphanumeric displays made their debut in the
early 1990's. In addition to complete messages that can be sent
and stored in these pagers, a number of other services such as
stock market and sportS Score reporting have been developed.
There are 4 basic types of messaging services offered by paging
systems: tone, numeric, text (alpha), and voice. Two types of
paging systems can deliver these messaging services: one-way
and two0-way paging. One-way paging systems only allow the
sending of messages from the system to the pager. Two-way
paging systems allow the confirmation and response of a
message from the pager to the system as well.
One-way paging is a process where paging messages (signals)
are sent from a radio tower to a pager without a return
verification signal. In its simplest form, a one-way paging system
can serve up to several hundred thousand numeric paging
customers.
Figure 1 shows a one-way paging system. In this diagram, a
high-power transmitter broadcasts a paging message to a
relatively large geographic area. All pagers that operate on this
system listen to all the pages sent, paying close
their specific address message. Paging messages attention
are
for
and processed by a paging center. The paging center received
receives
pages from the local telephone company or it may receive
messages from a satellite network. After it receives these
messages, they are sent after processing to the high-power
paging transmitter by an encoder. The encoder converts the
pagers telephone number or identification code entered by the
caller to the necessary tones or digital signal to be sent by the
paging transmitter.
-15 to 30 miles
-300 000+ 250-500 Watts (typical)
Nuer
- 80,000Text
-10,000 VNc#
Pagrs
Centr
Assume 3200 bps
3-5 messapes per day
Figure 1: One-Way Paging System
Two-way paging systems allow the paging device to acknowledge
and sometimes respond to messages sent by a nearby paging
tower. The twO-Way pager's low-power transmitter necessitates
many receiving antennas being located close together to receive
the low-power signal.
Figure 2 shows a high-power transmitter (200-500 Watts) which
broadcasts a paging message to a relatively large geographic
area and several receiving antennas.
antennas. The reason
reasor for having
multiple receiving antennas is that the transmit power level of
pagers are much lower than the transmit power level of the
paging radio tower. The receiving antennas are very sensitive,
capable of receiving the signal from pagers transmitting only 1
watt.
250-500 Watts (transmit)
Center Te
he
Figure 2: Two-Way Paging System
The number of required receivers for a two-way paging system is
dependent on the available transmittal power from the paging
and howfast the information is to be transferred. The higher the
data transmission rate results in a higher number of required
receivers.
The main advantage of two-way paging systems is their ability to
require pagers to register their location within the paging system.
This allows the paging system to direct pages for a specific pager
only to the area near where the pager last registered. This frees
up the paging capacity of channels in other geographic areas so
paging messages can be sent to other pagers. This is a type of
frequency reuse based on geographically separated
