Practice Workbook

This workbook is designed for use in Live instructor-led training and for OnDemand selfstudy.
The explanations and demonstrations are provided by the instructor in the classroom, or in the OnDemand
eLectures of this course available on the Bentley LEARN Server (learn.bentley.com).

This practice workbook is formatted for on-screen viewing using a PDF reader.
It is also available as a PDF document in the dataset for this course.

Generating Wind Loads for “Other”

Structures
This workbook contains exercises to practice creating wind loads for “other” structures according to the ASCE
7-10 Main Wind Force Resisting System.

GOAL: The main goal for this course is to show you how you can apply wind loads to non-building structures in
STAAD.Pro. This goal will be achieved by applying a combination of STAAD.Pro calculated wind loads and
manually calculated wind loads.

TRNC03031-1/0001

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 Section 1: Generating Wind Loads for Tower Structures

Section Description
In this section, you will learn how to generate wind loads for a tower structure according to the ASCE 7 Main Wind force Resisting System.

Skills Taught
 Creating a the Wind Load Definition

 Defining the Wind Load Cases

 Applying the Wind Load Items

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Open a STAAD.Pro Model
In this exercise, you will learn how to open a STAAD.Pro model.

1. Open Wind_Tower.std {Wind_Tower_M.std} in STAAD.Pro.

2. Keep this model open for the next exercise.

 Create the Wind Load Definition
STAAD.Pro can be used to generate wind load per the ASCE 7 specification by entering the type of structure, surrounding terrain, and
wind direction. In this exercise, you will learn how to create a wind load definition for a tower structure.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

2. In the Workflow Page Control, select the Loading page.

3. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Wind option within the Define Load Systems tools.

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 4. In the Load & Definition dialog, expand the Definitions group and highlight the Wind Definitions item. Then, click Add...
5. In the Add New: Wind Definitions dialog, enter the following parameters:
 Type: 1

 Comments: WIND_TOWER

Then, click Add. Followed by Close.

6. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the TYPE 1: WIND_TOWER definition and then click Add...
7. In the Add New: Wind Definitions dialog, click on the Calculate as per ASCE-7 button.
8. In the ASCE-7: Wind Load dialog, select the Common item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 ASCE-7: 2010

 Building Classification Category: Category II For Trussed Towers, STAAD.Pro will calculate the
wind loads according to the ASCE 7-10, Chapter 29
 Basic Wind Speed: 85 mph {38 m/sec} (Wind Loads on Other Structures and Building
Appurtenances - MWFRS).
 Exposure Category: Exposure B
The Common Information will be used to calculate the
 Structure Type: Trussed Tower Wind Velocity Pressure according to ASCE 7-10,
Equation 29.3-1:
 Consider Wind Speed-up over Hills or Escarpment: No
2
Click Apply. q z = 0.00256  K z  K zt  K d  V

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 9. In the ASCE-7: Wind Load dialog, select the Trussed Tower Data item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Height: 140 ft {42.7 m}

 Width: 30 ft {9.1 m} The Trussed Tower Data will be used to calculate the
Design Wind Pressure according to the ASCE 7-10,
 Ratio of Solid Area to Gross Area of Tower Face: 60% Section 29.5.
 Horizontal Cross Section: Square F = q z GC f A f

 Structural Natural Frequency: 2 Hz

 Structure Damping Ratio: 0.01

Click Apply.

10. In the ASCE-7: Wind Load dialog, select the Design Pressure (Other Structures) item in the left pane. Then, click OK.
11. In the Add New: Wind Definitions dialog, click on the Add button. Then, click Close.
12. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

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 Define the Wind Load Cases
In this exercise, you will learn how to create a new primary wind load case in STAAD.Pro. Each primary load case should be defined
with the following information:

 Loading Type: Used to associate the load case with the code definitions of dead, live, wind, etc. This type of association needs to
be done in order to make use of STAAD.Pro’s facility for automatically generating load combinations in accordance with the code.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

2. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Primary Load Case icon.
3. In the Add New: Load Cases dialog, select the Primary item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Number: 3

 Loading Type: Wind

 Title: Wind Load +X

Click Add.

4. In the Add New: Load Cases dialog, enter the following parameters:
 Number: 4

 Loading Type: Wind

 Title: Wind Load +Z

Click Add.

5. In the Add New: Load Cases dialog, click Close.

6. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

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 Define the Wind Load Items
In this exercise, you will learn how to add the wind load items to the wind load case in the positive X direction. Each load item will
include the following parameters:

 Select Type: Used to select the wind definition that corresponds to the direction and wall that is being defined. This will be used to
generate the wind pressures.
 Exposed Surface and Direction: Used to select the direction of application of the Wind Load (X or Z) and to control the surface
with which the loads will be applied.

 Factor: Used in conjunction with the Exposed Surface and Direction, this values influences which surface of a structure receives
wind load. (This value can also act as a linear multiplier on the applied loads.)

 Ranges: Used to define a three-dimensional zone for the wind load application. All members that have both end coordinates
within the specified range are assumed to be candidates for defining a surface that may be loaded if that surface is exposed to
wind.
 Open Structure: If this option is checked, STAAD.Pro assumes that the structure in not enclosed to catch wind. The wind
pressures will still be calculated and the load will still be applied, but the loads will be based on the projected area of the individual
framing members in the model and they will be applied in the form of line loads on the members (instead of nodal loads on the
joints.)

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

2. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the 3: Wind Load +X case.
3. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Load Items icon.

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 4. In the Add New: Load Items dialog, select the Wind Load > Wind Load item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Select Type: 1

 Exposed Surface and Direction: X (Windward Face)

 Factor: 1

 Open Structure: (checked)

Click Add. Then, click Close.

STAAD.Pro has calculated the wind pressure

(through the Wind Definition) and converted the
pressure to a member load using the projected
width of each member.

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 5. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the 4: Wind Load +Z case.
6. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Load Items icon.
7. In the Add New: Load Items dialog, select the Wind Load > Wind Load item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Select Type: 1

 Exposed Surface and Direction: Z (Windward Face)

 Factor: 1

 Open Structure: (checked)

Click Add. Then, click Close.

8. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

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 Model Additional Wind Loads on the Tower (Optional)
In this exercise, you will learn how to model additional wind load items that will be applied to the tower structure.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

2. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the 3: Wind Load +X case.
3. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Load Items icon.
4. In the Add New: Load Items dialog, select the Nodal Load > Node item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Fx: 10 kips {44.5 kN}

Click Add. Then, click Close.

5. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the 4: Wind Load +Z case.
6. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Load Items icon.
7. In the Add New: Load Items dialog, select the Nodal Load > Node item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Fz: 10 kips {44.5 kN}

Click Add. Then, click Close.

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 8. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the 3: WIND LOAD +X > FX 10 kips {44.5 kN}. Then, click on the Assign button.
9. In the Main Window, use your cursor to click on the center node at the top of the tower.

STAAD.Pro automatically calculated the wind loads for the

tower members that are modeled directly in STAAD.Pro. If
there are any other elements that collect wind load that are not
represented in the STAAD.Pro model (such as antennas or
appurtenances), you can manually apply additional wind load
within the wind load case.

10. In the Load & Definition dialog, click on the Assigning button.

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 11. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the 4: WIND LOAD +X > FZ 10 kips {44.5 kN}. Then, click on the Assign button.
12. In the Main Window, use your cursor to click on the center node at the top of the tower.

13. In the Load & Definition dialog, click on the Assigning button.
14. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

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 Section 2: Generating Wind Loads for Sign Structures

Section Description
In this section, you will learn how to generate wind loads for a sign structure according to the ASCE 7 Main Wind force Resisting System.

Skills Taught
 Creating a the Wind Load Definition

 Defining the Wind Load Cases

 Defining the Wind Load Items

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 Open a STAAD.Pro Model
In this exercise, you will learn how to select the license configuration and open a STAAD.Pro model.

1. Open Wind_Sign.std {Wind_Sign_M.std} in STAAD.Pro.

2. Keep this model open for the next exercise.

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 Create the Wind Load Definition for the Lattice Structure
STAAD.Pro can be used to generate wind load per the ASCE 7 specification by entering the type of structure, surrounding terrain, and
wind direction. In this exercise, you will learn how to create the windward load definition in the global X direction.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

For this structure, we will assume that the left hand side
of the structure (the supporting arm for the sign) is an
open lattice style structure. We will also assume that the
right hand side of the structure is where the sign will be
mounted.

We will use two wind definitions to apply wind load to this

structure: The first wind load will be used to apply wind to
the lattice structure. The second wind definition will be
used to apply wind to the sign.

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 2. In the Workflow Page Control, select the Loading page.
3. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Wind option within the Define Load Systems tools.
4. In the Add New: Wind Definitions dialog, enter the following parameters:
 Type: 1

 Comments: WIND_LATTICE

Then, click Add. Followed by Close.

5. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the TYPE 1: WIND_LATTICE definition and then click Add...
6. In the Add New: Wind Definitions dialog, click on the Calculate as per ASCE-7 button.
7. In the ASCE-7: Wind Load dialog, select the Common item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 ASCE-7: 2010

 Building Classification Category: Category II

 Basic Wind Speed: 85 mph {38 m/s}

 Exposure Category: Exposure B

 Structure Type: Lattice Framework

 Consider Wind Speed-up over Hills or Escarpment: No

Click Apply.

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 8. In the ASCE-7: Wind Load dialog, select the Lattice Frame Work Data item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Height: 27 ft {8.2 m}

 Width: 40 ft {12.2 m}

 Ratio of Solid Area to Gross Area of Tower Face: 0.25

 Orientation of the Members Exposed to Wind: Rounded

 Diameter of Typical Round Member: 0.5 ft {0.15 m}

 Structural Natural Frequency: 2 Hz

 Structure Damping Ratio: 0.01

Click Apply.

9. In the ASCE-7: Wind Load dialog, select the Design Pressure (Other Structures) item in the left pane. Then, click OK.
10. In the Add New: Wind Definitions dialog, click on the Add button. Then, click Close.
11. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

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 Create the Wind Load Definition for the Sign
STAAD.Pro can be used to generate wind load per the ASCE 7 specification by entering the type of structure, surrounding terrain, and
wind direction. In this exercise, you will learn how to create the windward load definition in the global X direction.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

For this structure, we will assume that the left hand side
of the structure (the supporting arm for the sign) is an
open lattice style structure. We will also assume that the
right hand side of the structure is where the sign will be
mounted.

We will use two wind definitions to apply wind load to this

structure: The first wind load will be used to apply wind to
the lattice structure. The second wind definition will be
used to apply wind to the sign.

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 2. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Wind option within the Define Load Systems tools.
3. In the Add New: Wind Definitions dialog, enter the following parameters:
 Type: 2

 Comments: WIND_SIGN

Then, click Add. Followed by Close.

4. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the TYPE 1: WIND_SIGN definition and then click Add...
5. In the Add New: Wind Definitions dialog, click on the Calculate as per ASCE-7 button.
6. In the ASCE-7: Wind Load dialog, select the Common item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 ASCE-7: 2010

 Building Classification Category: Category II

 Basic Wind Speed: 85 mph {38 m/s}

 Exposure Category: Exposure B

 Structure Type: Solid Signs

 Consider Wind Speed-up over Hills or Escarpment: No

Click Apply.

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 7. In the ASCE-7: Wind Load dialog, select the Solid Sign Data item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Height (H): 27 ft {8.2 m}

 Horizontal Dimension of Sign (M): 12 ft {3.7 m}

 Vertical Dimension of Sign (N): 10 ft {3 m}

 Structural Natural Frequency: 2 Hz

 Structure Damping Ratio: 0.01

Click Apply.

8. In the ASCE-7: Wind Load dialog, select the Design Pressure (Other Structures) item in the left pane. Then, click OK.
9. In the Add New: Wind Definitions dialog, click on the Add button. Then, click Close.
10. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

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 Define the Wind Load Cases
In this exercise, you will learn how to create a new primary wind load case in STAAD.Pro. Each primary load case should be defined
with the following information:

 Loading Type: Used to associate the load case with the code definitions of dead, live, wind, etc. This type of association needs to
be done in order to make use of STAAD.Pro’s facility for automatically generating load combinations in accordance with the code.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

2. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Primary Load Case icon.
3. In the Add New: Load Cases dialog, select the Primary item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Number: 3

 Loading Type: Wind

 Title: Wind Load +Z

Click Add.

4. In the Add New: Load Cases dialog, click Close.

5. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

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 Define the Wind Load Items
In this exercise, you will learn how to add the wind load items to the wind load case in the positive X direction. Each load item will
include the following parameters:

 Select Type: Used to select the wind definition that corresponds to the direction and wall that is being defined. This will be used to
generate the wind pressures.
 Exposed Surface and Direction: Used to select the direction of application of the Wind Load (X or Z) and to control the surface
with which the loads will be applied.

 Factor: Used in conjunction with the Exposed Surface and Direction, this values influences which surface of a structure receives
wind load. (This value can also act as a linear multiplier on the applied loads.)

 Ranges: Used to define a three-dimensional zone for the wind load application. All members that have both end coordinates
within the specified range are assumed to be candidates for defining a surface that may be loaded if that surface is exposed to
wind.
 Open Structure: If this option is checked, STAAD.Pro assumes that the structure in not enclosed to catch wind. The wind
pressures will still be calculated and the load will still be applied, but the loads will be based on the projected area of the individual
framing members in the model and they will be applied in the form of line loads on the members (instead of nodal loads on the
joints.)

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

2. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the 3: Wind Load +Z case.
3. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Load Items icon.

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 4. In the Add New: Load Items dialog, select the Wind Load > Wind Load item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Select Type: 1

 Exposed Surface and Direction: Z (Windward Face)

 Factor: 1

 Open Structure: (checked)

Define X Range:

 Minimum: -15 ft {-4.5 m}

 Maximum: 40 ft {12.3 m}

Click Add.

This wind load item represents the wind load that will be
applied to the lattice sign support structure in the
positive Z global axis direction.

STAAD.Pro has calculated the wind pressure (through

the Wind Definition) and converted the pressure to a
member load using the projected width of each member.

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 5. In the Add New: Load Items dialog, select the Wind Load > Wind Load item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Select Type: 2

 Exposed Surface and Direction: Z (Windward Face)

 Factor: 2

 Open Structure: (unchecked)

Define X Range:

 Minimum: 41 ft {12.4 m}

 Maximum: 53 ft {16.2 m}

Click Add. Then, click Close.

This wind load item represents the wind load that will be
applied to the sign that is mounted onto the support
structure.

The hatched ares represent the tributary area that is

used to calculate the point force for each node in this
plane. (We will assume that the sign area is twice as
large at the framing area that represents the tributary
area for the pressure load. We used the factor field to
control the magnitude of this load.)

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 6. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

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 Section 3: Generating Wind Loads for Tanks

Section Description
In this section, you will learn how to generate wind loads for tank structures according to the ASCE 7 Main Wind force Resisting System.

Skills Taught
 Creating a the Wind Load Definition

 Defining the Wind Load Cases

 Defining the Wind Load Items

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 Open a STAAD.Pro Model
In this exercise, you will learn how to select the license configuration and open a STAAD.Pro model.

1. Open Wind_Tank.std {Wind_Tank_M.std} in STAAD.Pro.

2. Keep this model open for the next exercise.

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 Create the Wind Load Definition for the Sign
STAAD.Pro can be used to generate wind load per the ASCE 7 specification by entering the type of structure, surrounding terrain, and
wind direction. In this exercise, you will learn how to create the windward load definition in the global X direction.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

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 2. In the Workflow Page Control, select the Loading page.
3. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Wind option within the Define Load Systems tools.
4. In the Add New: Wind Definitions dialog, enter the following parameters:
 Type: 1

 Comments: WIND_TANK

Then, click Add. Followed by Close.

5. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the TYPE 1: WIND_TANK definition and then click Add...
6. In the Add New: Wind Definitions dialog, click on the Calculate as per ASCE-7 button.
7. In the ASCE-7: Wind Load dialog, select the Common item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 ASCE-7: 2010

 Building Classification Category: Category II

 Basic Wind Speed: 85 mph {38 m/s}

 Exposure Category: Exposure B

 Structure Type: Chimney, Tank and Similar Structures

 Consider Wind Speed-up over Hills or Escarpment: No

Click Apply.

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 8. In the ASCE-7: Wind Load dialog, select the Chimney, Tank and Similar Structures Data item in the left pane. Then, enter the
following parameters:
 Height (H): 31 ft {9.5 m}

 Least Horizontal Dimension (W): 12 ft {3.7 m}

 Horizontal Cross-Section Type: Round

 Depth of Protruding Elements such as Ribs and Spoilers (D): 0.5 ft {0.15 m}

 Structural Natural Frequency: 2 Hz

 Structure Damping Ratio: 0.01

Click Apply.

Wind load definitions can only be applied to mod-

els containing members. Since the tank model is
constructed primary out of plate elements, the
wind definition cannot be directly applied to the
structure through the wind load cases. We can,
however, use the pressures that were calculated
through the Wind Load Definition and apply them
to the structure manually using the Plate Pressure
command.

9. In the ASCE-7: Wind Load dialog, select the Design Pressure (Other Structures) item in the left pane. Then, click OK.
10. In the Add New: Wind Definitions dialog, click on the Add button. Then, click Close.
11. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

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 Define the Wind Load Cases
In this exercise, you will learn how to create a new primary wind load case in STAAD.Pro. Each primary load case should be defined
with the following information:

 Loading Type: Used to associate the load case with the code definitions of dead, live, wind, etc. This type of association needs to
be done in order to make use of STAAD.Pro’s facility for automatically generating load combinations in accordance with the code.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

2. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Primary Load Case icon.
3. In the Add New: Load Cases dialog, select the Primary item in the left pane. Then, enter the following parameters:
 Number: 4

 Loading Type: Wind

 Title: Wind Load +X

Click Add.

4. In the Add New: Load Cases dialog, click Close.

5. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

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 Define the Wind Load Items
In this exercise, you will learn how to manually apply the STAAD.Pro calculated wind pressures to the tank model using the following
command:

 Hydrostatic Plate Load: Used to model loads due to hydrostatic pressure on one or more adjacent elements. The hydrostatic load
is converted to Trapezoidal loads on the elements. The load is applied over the entire area of the element.
Wind Load Definitions (through the Wind Load Item) can only be applied to models containing members. For this tank model, we are
taking advantage of STAAD.Pro’s ability to calculate the wind loads according to the ASCE 7 and then we are manually applying the
loads to the model as a plate pressure load.

1. Continue with the model from the previous exercise.

2. In the Load & Definition dialog, highlight the 4: Wind Load +X case.
3. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Loading tab and then click on the Load Items icon.
4. In the Add New: Load Items dialog, select the Plate Load > Hydrostatic Load item in the left pane. Then, click on the Select
Plate(s) button.
5. In the Ribbon toolbar, select the Geometry tab and then click on the Group Selection icon.

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 6. In the Select Groups dialog, highlight the G1:_PLATES+X group and then click Close.

7. In the Selected Items(s) dialog, click on the Done button.

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 8. In the Add New: Load Items dialog, enter the following parameters:
 W1 (Min Global Axis): 6.8 lb/ft2 {0.33 kN/m2}

 W2 (Max Global Axis): 8.3 lb/ft2 {0.40 kN/m2}

 Interpolate along Global Axis: Y

 Direction of Pressure: GX

Click on the Add button. Then, click Close.

Plan View

Elevation View

9. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click on the Save icon.

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