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Assignment 1

DNA contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. DNA is made up of four chemical bases that form the code, and the sequence of these bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism. Proteins are made up of amino acids and play critical roles in the body, with their sequence determining unique structure and function. Bioinformatics is the intersection of biology and computational science, using computer algorithms and data analysis techniques to analyze vast biological data sets like DNA sequences and protein structures. The document introduces key concepts in biology and defines what the student wants to learn from an introductory bioinformatics course.

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43 views2 pages

Assignment 1

DNA contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. DNA is made up of four chemical bases that form the code, and the sequence of these bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism. Proteins are made up of amino acids and play critical roles in the body, with their sequence determining unique structure and function. Bioinformatics is the intersection of biology and computational science, using computer algorithms and data analysis techniques to analyze vast biological data sets like DNA sequences and protein structures. The document introduces key concepts in biology and defines what the student wants to learn from an introductory bioinformatics course.

Uploaded by

khezar mahmood
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

ISLAMABAD CAMPUS

Introduction to bioinformatics

Khezar Mahmood

SP20-BCS-043
Assignment 1

1. When was the last time you studied Biology? Or Genetics? Or Molecular Biology?

The last time I engaged in studying Biology was during my 10th-grade studies for Biology and
my third-semester coursework for Genetics.

2. What is DNA?

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a hereditary material in humans and almost all other
organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the
cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in
the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). Mitochondria are structures
within cells that convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use.

The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A),
guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and
more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people. The order, or sequence, of these
bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism, similar to
the way in which letters of the alphabet appear in a certain order to form words and sentences.

3. What are Proteins?

Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of
the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues
and organs.
Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are
attached to one another in long chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be
combined to make a protein. The sequence of amino acids determines each protein’s unique 3-
dimensional structure and its specific function. Amino acids are coded by combinations of three
DNA building blocks (nucleotides), determined by the sequence of genes.

4. When you read the word Bioinformatics, what is the first thing that comes to your
mind?

When I read the word "Bioinformatics," the first thing that comes to my mind is the intersection
of biology and computational science. Bioinformatics is a field dedicated to harnessing the power
of computer algorithms and data analysis techniques to make sense of vast biological data sets,
such as DNA sequences, protein structures, and gene expression patterns. It plays a crucial role in
modern biological research, enabling scientists to decode and analyze the complex genetic
information that underpins life processes and diseases.

5. What do you want to learn from this course?

Whatever the course outline will be.

References:

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/dna/

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/howgeneswork/protein/

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