HMC By Anamika Tyagi
and
Ovin Tyagi
And
1. If the points with position vectors 10𝑖 + 3𝑗, 12𝑖 − 5𝑗 and 𝑎𝑖 + 11𝑗 are collinear, find the value of a.
2. Show that the vectors 2𝑖 − 3𝑗 + 4𝑘 and − 4𝑖 + 6𝑗 − 8𝑘 are collinear.
3. Prove that the following vector is coplanar:
2𝑖 − 𝑗 + 𝑘, 𝑖 − 3𝑗 − 5𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑖 − 4𝑗 − 4𝑘
4. Prove that the following vector is non-coplanar:
3𝑖 + 𝑗 − 𝑘, 2𝑖 − 𝑗 + 7𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 7𝑖 − 𝑗 + 23𝑘
5. Show that the vectors a, b, c given by 𝑎 = 𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 3𝑘, 𝑏 = 2𝑖 + 𝑗 + 3𝑘 and 𝑐 = 𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘 are non-coplanar. Express
vector 𝑑 = 2𝑖 − 𝑗 − 3𝑘 as a linear combination of the vectors 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐.
π π
6. If a unit vector a makes an angle with i, with j and an acute angle θ with k, then find θ and hence, the components
3 4
of a.
1 1 1
7. Show that the direction cosines of a vector equally inclined to the axes OX, OY and OZ are , , .
√3 √3 √3
8. Show that the vector i + j + k is equally inclined with the axes OX, OY and OZ.
9. Write the direction cosines of the vector 𝑟 = 6𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 3𝑘.
10. If 𝑎 = 𝑖 + 𝑗, 𝑏 = 𝑗 + 𝑘 and 𝑐 = 𝑘 + 𝑖, write the unit vectors parallel to 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2 𝑐.
11. If 𝑎 = 𝑖 + 2𝑗 − 3𝑘 and 𝑏 = 2𝑖 + 4𝑗 + 9𝑘, find a unit vector parallel to a + b.
12. Find the position vector of the mid-point of the line segment AB, where A is the point (3, 4, -2) and B is the point (1, 2,
4).
13. If 𝑎 = 𝑥𝑖 + 2𝑗 − 𝑧𝑘 and 𝑏 = 3𝑖 − 𝑦𝑗 + 𝑘 are two equal vectors, then write the value of x + y + z.
14. Let 𝑎 = 4𝑖 + 5𝑗 − 𝑘, 𝑏 = 𝑖 − 4𝑗 + 5𝑘 and 𝑐 = 3𝑖 + 𝑗 − 𝑘. Find a vector d which is perpendicular to both a and b and
satisfying d . c = 21.
θ 1
15. If a and b are unit vectors inclined at an angle θ, then prove that sin 2 = 2 |a − b|.(70)
16. If a, b are two vectors such that |a + b| = |a|, then prove that 2 a + b is perpendicular to b.
17. If with reference to a right handed system of mutually perpendicular unit vectors i, j, k we have α= 3𝑖 − 𝑗 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 =
2𝑖 + 𝑗 − 3𝑘. Express β in the form β = β1 + β2 , where β1 is parallel to α and β2 is perpendicular to α.
18. If a, b, c are three mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitude, prove that a + b + c is equally inclined
with vectors a, b and c. also, find the angle.
19. Let a, b, c be three vectors of magnitudes 3, 4 and 5 resp. If each one is perpendicular to the sum of the other two
vectors, prove that |a + b + c| = 5√2.
20. If a, b, c are unit vectors such that a + b + c = 0, find the value of a . b + b . c + c . a.
21. Three vectors a, b and c satisfy that the condition a + b + c = 0. Evaluate the quantity μ = a . b . b + c + c . a, if
|a| = 1, |b| = 4 and |c| = 2.
22. Dot product of a vector with 𝑖 + 𝑗 − 3𝑘, 𝑖 + 3𝑗 − 2𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑖 + 𝑗 + 4𝑘 are 0, 5 and 8 respectively. Find the vector.
|a|2 −|b|2 −|c|2
23. If 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0, show that the angle θ between the vectors b and c is given by cos θ = 2|b| |c|
.(75)
24. Find the values of x and y if the vectors 𝑎 = 3𝑖 + 𝑥𝑗 − 𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 2𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑦𝑘 are mutually perpendicular vectors
of equal magnitude.
25. Express the vector 𝑎 = 5𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 5𝑘 as the sum of two vectors such that one is parallel to the vector 𝑏 = 3𝑖 + 𝑘
and other is perpendicular to b.
26. Let 𝑎 = 5𝑖 − 𝑗 + 7𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 𝑖 − 𝑗 + 𝜆𝑘. Find λ such that a + b is orthogonal to a – b.
27. If a, b are two vectors such that |a + b| = |b|, then prove that a + 2b is perpendicular to a.
28. If α = 3𝑖 + 4𝑗 + 5𝑘 and β = 2𝑖 + 𝑗 − 4𝑘, then express β in the form of β = 𝛽1 + 𝛽2 , where 𝛽1 is parallel to α and
𝛽2 is perpendicular to α.
29. Write the projection of b + c on a, when a = 2𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 𝑘, 𝑏 = 𝑖 + 2𝑗 − 2𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 2𝑖 − 𝑗 + 4𝑘.
30. Find λ, when the projection of a = λi + j + 4k on b = 2 I + 6 j + 3 k is 4 units.
31. Find a unit vector perpendicular to both the vectors 𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 3𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖 + 2𝑗 − 𝑘.
32. For any vector a, prove that |𝑎 × 𝑖|2 + |𝑎 × 𝑗|2 + |𝑎 × 𝑘|2 = 2|a|2.
33. If a, b, c are the position vectors of the vertices A , B, C of a triangle ABC, show that the area of triangle ABC is
1
|𝑎 × 𝑏 + 𝑏 × 𝑐 + 𝑐 × 𝑎|. Deduce the condition for points a, b, c to be collinear.(133)
2
|𝑏×𝑐+𝑐×𝑎+𝑎×𝑏|
34. Show that distance of the point c from the line joining a and b is |b−a|
.(134)
35. If 𝑎 × 𝑏 = 𝑐 × 𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 × 𝑐 = 𝑏 × 𝑑, 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎 − 𝑑 is parallel to 𝑏 − 𝑐, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎 ≠ 𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 ≠ 𝑐.
36. If a, b , c are three vectors such that a + b + c = 0, then prove that 𝑎 × 𝑏 = 𝑏 × 𝑐 = 𝑐 × 𝑎.
37. For any two vectors a and b, show that:
(1 + |a|2 + (1 + |b|2 ) = {(1 − a . b)}2 + |a + b + (a × b)|2 .(135)
38. If 𝑎 = 𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘, 𝑐 = 𝑗 − 𝑘 are given vectors, then find a vector b satisfying the equations 𝑎 × 𝑏 = 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 . 𝑏 = 3.(
(136)
1 1 1
39. Given 𝑎 = 7 (2𝑖 + 3𝑗 + 6𝑘), 𝑏 = 7 (3𝑖 − 6𝑗 + 2𝑘), 𝑐 = 7 (61 + 2𝑗 − 3𝑘), 𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑘 being a right handed orthogonal
system of unit vectors in space, show that a, b, c is also another system.(116)
40. If 𝑎 × 𝑏 = 𝑏 × 𝑐 ≠ 0, then show that a + c = m b, where m is any scalar.
41. If 𝑎 = 𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 3𝑘, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 2𝑖 + 3𝑗 − 5𝑘, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 × 𝑏. verify that a and a × b are perpendicular to each other.
42. Let 𝑎 = 𝑖 + 4𝑗 + 2𝑘, 𝑏 = 3𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 7𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 2𝑖 − 𝑗 + 4𝑘. Find a vector d which is perpendicular to both a and
d and c . d = 15.
43. Using vectors find the area of the triangle with vertices, A(2, 3, 5), B(3, 5, 8) and C(2, 7, 8).
44. The two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 2𝑖 − 4𝑗 + 5𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖 − 2𝑗 − 3𝑘. Find the unit vector parallel to one
of its diagonals. Also, find its area.
If 𝑎 = 𝑎1 𝑖 + 𝑎2 𝑗 + 𝑎3 𝑘, 𝑏 = 𝑏1 𝑖 + 𝑏2 𝑗 + 𝑏3 𝑘 and 𝑐 = 𝑐1 𝑖 + 𝑐2 𝑗 + 𝑐3 𝑘, then verify that 𝑎 × (𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎 × 𝑏 + 𝑎 × 𝑐.
