45m Solve for Cp Woda Wal Tivos oe % a 5 Leeward Wat 7 5 « _ 02 Sawa ‘esas a . Terme na Wind Dino = Tae may) -as [a6 5 [as [a6 side | 0s 20 ‘ore | 27 | 6 | 26 Satis pod oe es “alu ane ede nat with rs cre eichisupyclie lows‘Assume that wind is coming from this drection sioce there were ho indications (onthe problem Vitae en where: B horizontal dimension of building normal to wind direction L horizontal dimension| of building parallel to wind direction h ‘mean roof height e = angle of plane of roof from horizontal So L=5.2m, B=15m. h=19.35m 0=36.870 For windward wall: Cp=0.8, For leeward wall: L/B=5,2/15=0.347<1 Cp=-0.5 Sideward wall: Cp=0.7 Windward roof: Use perpendicular to the ridge Note that L for the roof is 7.2 not 5.2WL=2.7/7.2=0.375 <02s| “ois ooie 09 |-07 os | 01s | “ois oo10 Se a 3 a Lo. |G» |o Interpolate Cp for lower limit h/L=0.25 0=between 35 and 45 (but 35 does not exist so use Obetween 30 and 45) a8 80 _ 26870 — a 0—(—02) C,—(-0.2) Cp=-0.1084 Interpolate Cp for upper limit h/L.=0.25 0=between 35 and 45 Interpolation is invalid since Cp for both are equal Cp=0.4 Interpolate Cp for lower limit h/L=0.5 between 35 and 45(but 45 does not exist so use Obetween 35 and 60) 60-35 _ 36.870 -35 0-02) ¢,— (02) Cp=0.18504 Interpolate Cp for upper limit h/L-0.5 O-between 35 and 45 45-35 870 — 35 0 p — 0.3) Cp=0.3187 Interpolate Cp for lower limit between h/L = 0.25 to 0.5 0.5 = 0.25, __0375- 0.25 0.18504 — (—0.1084) GC, — (—0.1084) Cp=0.14672 Interpolate Cp for upper limit between h/L = 0.25 to 0.5 05-025 _ 0.375-0.25 0.3187- (04) C, — (0.4) Cp=0.35935 Leeward roof: Use perpendicular to the ridge10) solve for pressure i Note that for positive intemal pressure, 0.613K;KzeKaV? IGCy—4(GCpi) gy foe windward wala, sidewall Ieward wali, and Yoo8 of enclosed buildings and for negative intra pressure estat in partly eploned bangs ae foe postive eternal atuton pray enclosed baling Snbere eights dined ashe eel of ‘he highest opening in he tuling that ould fect the positive internal pressure For bulge sed in wind ore debris regions, zing thats ot Impact resistant protected. with an ‘pact essa covering shal be weated 5 opening in accordance wit Section 2074103, pressure oc posiive internal pressure evaluation, ‘gay conservatively be evaluated at eit AC = a) conservative gi=qh for all values For postive intemal pressure evaluation, ‘qu may conservatively be evaluated at height (qu = n) ji can be taken qz but to be more nee ‘ aren Presse (Pa) suroee |Z fa | Ke | atts | @ | epi (a) 245 (Nim2), (Nim) qiGtp qGtp Scent | ect a) 4s[ os [issse] om] ox] romana [aie | ro19ss| rwiaa Wadi 6] «| om [ eine) oss] os] iors [sois | wasio] sion ‘Wall 9 9 0.7 | 1,894.31 | 0.85 08 1,973.13 | 20.18 932.968 | 1643.294 voas| 1035 073 fisma | oss] 08] 1973.13 [2018 | veasoa | 163609 Teed | wir van] ows] os) 19m fooww | amaze] —aaaie Side Walt | enim Tama | ons] a7 | noms [sorm | sao | wna vaio Windward | ower rors | oas| oer} rgnas sors | 012s | 10900 found987.85 247.524 <1361.4se | 651.132 1,973.13 | 20.18 1973.13 | 20.18 06 1973.13 | 0.85 | 0.35935 1973.13 | 0.88 uniform Copper bound)iba.702 Windward wall pressure is applied to the surface directly hit by the wind Leeward wall pressure is the pressure applied at the other wall opposite the windward wall. Side walls are those that are parallel to the wind direction. Always remember that the +pressure means that its going towards from the surface, while negative pressure is going away the surface (see leeward and side wallls for instance} Pressure for the main frame with roof hos separate calculations as shown in the example.- The pressure undemeath the overhang of the roof should have been considered, but for our purposes, we ignored the calculation for it. - Be aware that the roof type is gable for this example, for other types of roofs, use the appropriate calculation steps as defined by the code. EXAMPLE 3 Given: A 17 story commercial building is proposed to be constructed in Baguio, on a sight where the soil is classified as Very dense soil. The structure shall be a reinforced steel building (no shear walls). The weight per floor (including 1*' floor) is estimated to be 1800 KN. The roof deck weighs 1700 KN. Solve for the Base Shear, V static force procedure. Solution: Using static force procedure 1) Determine zone ZONE 4 vo tes dp From the map Baguio is Zone 4 Table 2083 Seismic Zone Factor2 a 38 | 4 2) Determine total weight We 17*1800+1700=32300kN 3) Determine the importance factor From table 103-1 1 Standard Al structures housing occupancies or Grcopaney | havingfanctionsnotitedincategory 1 1 Strctares | orllandCategoryV,‘Table 208-1 - Seismic Imporance Factors Seismic ‘Seismic Qxeepaney | sgportance | Importance? ae Factor, 1 Factor, I, 1 Fosenta ee 130 10 | 1. Wseardowr Facilites |) TH Special 100 Loo 100 4) Identify soil Type Form Table 208-2 Soll Profle | Soil Profile Name / Generie ‘Type Description Sa Hard Rock Se Rock 5 Very Dense Soil and Soft Rock The soil is Sc 5) Forzone 4 determine neamess factors Nv and Na Considering that Baguio has already experienced an earthquake within 7 to 8.4 magnitude And is near fault lines See Figure 208-28 (for Cordillera Administrative Region) See table 208-4Deseript ‘capable of prosocing lage A | magnitude events | 705M <0 ‘snd that have a high rate of seismic ‘tity seismic source of “A’ From Table 208-5, approximate the distance >=10km Na is: Seismic ‘Closest Distance To Souree Known Seismic Source’ Type [=2km | zskm | > 10km x is 12 10 cs 13 10) 10 c 10) 10) 10 No=1 From Table 208-6, approximate the cistance Seiamie Giosest Distance To Source Known Seismic Source Type_[Sakm | Skm | okm | SiStm ‘a —|20 [15 | 12 | 10 B 16 [12 L010 c os 2 sing soil class of C. Tile 087 Sela Cot. € ‘Soil ‘Sche Zane 7 Te wor [P= i ae | 5, | 020 s om 5: 026 ‘30 of Tate 208 It may not be that accurate if we'lljust eyeball the site on the given map. Alternatively, we can actually use tge faultfinder tool hosted by Philvolcsthrough http://faultfinder.phivoles.dost.gov.ph/. double clicking on the side, data is automatically generated Baguio is 7.4 km from Tubao Faultline Tuboo Faultline may be actually considered as an inactive fault line but just like Digdig Faultline which caused the 1990 earthquake we might as well consider it as a seismic source type of A Seismic Source Seismie Glosest Distance To Source Known Seismic Source! 6) Determine the Structural System to use No indications on what was used as overall material. Let's assume pure steel frame Using NSCP 2015 Table 208-1 1B Earthquake-Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Stee!© Moment Reng Frame Spe { i i 1 For structures under Zone 4, it is highly recommended to use SMRF type of system. Due to - No Height limitation for Zone for (as indicated on the NL value under Tone 4, see table above) - Gives height R value (note that R is inversely proportional to the base shear, this willbe explained on the succeeding solutions. But the use of SMRF system requires careful consideration of design requirements with given emphasis on the member connection design and detailing (Beam-Column Beam-Girder connection etc.). Use R=8 7) Structural Period (NSCP 208.5.2.2) Ct= 0.0853 Steel moment resisting frame T= G,(h)s—note that the formula used here is different from what was used for wind directional analysis assuming that the height per floor is 3,h= 3+17=51m 2 T = 0.0853(51)4 = 1.628 sec 8) Solve for the base shear (NSCP 208.5.2) Cyt Vy =a > (NSCP 2015 eqn 208 — 8) As shown here Ve, higher T means a reduced value of base shear, reducing the overall demand on the structure resulting to a possible reduction of member sizes. But like what was mentioned previously, special design and detaliing considerations must be observed for SMRF systems. 32300 Vy = (0.788 + 1) + 5 = 1954.269kN 2SCqt1 (2.540.442 +1) Vy = ey = SE 5 32300 = 446143860 + (NSCP 2015 eqn 208 - 9) Vq = O.11CqIW = 0.11 « 0.442 «1 + 32300 = 1570.426kN — (NSCP 2015 eqn 208 - 10) For Zone 4 * 32300 = 1919.136kN > (NSCP 2015 eqn 208 ~ 11) 9) Comparing all values of V, V, = smaller of (V;,V2) = 1954.269kN Ve = larger of (V5, V3) = 1954.269kN for zone 4,V; = larger of (Vq,V,) = 1954.269kN V = last V which is V; = 1954.269KNose shear of 1954.269KN —— = EXAMPLE 4 Compute the vertical Distribution of base shear in example #3. Solution: 1), Make tabulation of the weights per floor (1800kn/tir and 1700 on RD as given) Floor Weight (kN) | 1800, 2 1800 3 1800 [4 100 | 3 1800 6 1800 7 1800 g 1800 9 1800 10 1800 1 1800 12 1800, 13 1800 14 1800 15 1800, 16 1800, 17 1800 Roof deck | 1700 Total 32300 2) Solve for Ft The base shear computed is V = 1954.269kN Solve for Ft (NSCP 2015 eqn 208 — 16) F,=0071V‘The value of T used for the purpose of calculating F, shall be the period that corresponds with the design base shear as computed using Equation 208-4. F, need not exceed 0. 25V and may be considered as zero where T is 0.7 s or less. The remaining portion of the base shear shall be distributed over the height of the structure, including Level n, according to the following equation: 120.75 so Ft is considered F, =0.07TV = 0.07 + 1.628sec 1954.269KkN = 222.708KN < 0.25 «V = 488.567KN ok 222.708KN Solve for Forces per floor (NSCP 2015 eqn 208 — 17) UV = Fowelty Di wih Instead of solving | by 1, we'lljust tabulate results Tabulate hy per floor [height from the base) riser wah hy Ww 1800 [o 2 ia00 [3 3 va00 [6 4 ia00 [9 3 ve0o [12 é ve00__ [is 7 ve00 [ie é 1800 [21 9 1800 [24 10 1800 [27 u 1800 [30 12 ieoo [33 13 i800 [36 14 ee Ea 15 ve00 [42 16 ve00 [4s 7 1800 [48 Roof deck |1700__| 51 Total 32300_[ 51 Solve for (V-Ft)=1731.561kN Tabulate wiki Floor | Weight(kN) | h,(m) | w,hjkNm wi1 1800 oO o 2 1800) 3 5400. 3 1800) é 10800 4 1800) 2° 16200 5 1800) 12 21600 é 1200) 18 27000 7 1800) 18 32400) 8 1800) 21 37800 a 1800) 24 “43200 10 1800) 7 “48600 u 7800) 20. 54000) 12 1800) 33 5400) 13 1800) 36 64800) 14 1800) Ed 70200 15 1800) 42 75600 16 1800) 45 81000 7 1800) 48 86400) Root deck | 1700 51 88700 Total 32300 821100 wih, = 821100kNm Divide each wh with the total w,hand multiply them with V-Ft Floor Weight (KN) we | hy(m) | wihikNen | = Fowsh, 1 1700) si__| 86700 _| 182.836 7 1800 43 | s6a00__[ 182.203 16 1800 45 | s1000 [170.815 15 1800) 42___|75600__ [159.428 14 1800) 39 | 70200 _| 148.04 13 1800 36 | 6aso0 [136.652 2 1800 33 | ssa00_ [125.265 a 1800 30 | sa000__[ 113.877 10 1800) 27 | 48600 __| 102.489 3 1800 24 [43200 | 91.101 8 1800 21__[37800__| 79.714 7 1800 18__|32400__| 68.326 é 1800 15 | 27000__| 56.938 5 1800) a2__| 21600 | 45.551 4 1800 3 16200__[ 34.1633 1800 6 1os00__| 22.775 2 1800 3 5400 11.388 1 1800 oO oO 0 Total 32300 921100 [ 1731.561 The total F should equate fo the value of V but The total Ftotal =1731.561kN which is not equal to V V = 1954.269kN To account for the imbalance, we will add the Ft on the top most part of the structure Floor Weight (KN); | hem) | wiikNm |, _ WW — Fowalt Dies wiht if 1700 si__| 86700 _| 40.saa 7 1800 43__[ 36400 _| 182.203 16 1800 45__[si000 [170.815 15 1800 42___|75600__[ 159.428 14 1800 39 | 70200 __| 148.08 13 1800 36__| 6as00_| 136.652 2 1800 33__|ss4o0__| 125.265 rr 1800 30 | saooo__| 113.877 10 1800 27__| 48600 __| 102.489 3 1800 24 [43200 | 91.101 8 1800 za__| 37800 __| 79.714 7 1800 as__| 32400 __| 68.326 6 1800 1s__|27000__| 56.938 5 1800 az__| 21600 __| 45.551 4 1800 9 16200 | 34.163 3 1800 6 30800__| 22.775 2 1800 3 5400) 11.388 1 1800 0 o 0 Total 32300 821100 | 1954.269 Now FtotaeV405.544 —> 182.203 > 170.815 > 159.428» 148.08 > 136.652 125.265 113.877 102.489—> 91.101 7a.n4—> 68.326» 56.938 > 45.551 —> 34,163 —> 2715 11.388—> o = = EXAMPLE 5 Determine the Horizontal Distribution of floor shear of floor 15" of the structure on EXAMPLE 4 given that the lateral framing is modelled as shown: So © Solution: 1) Determine the moment of inertia of each lateral resisting elements 1 1 Joots = Ty bh = zz (500)500? = $208.333 x 106mm* oot =e = 03009700" = 8575 x 10°mm* Note that h is 700mm since it is the dim. parallel to the direction of shear1 1 foots = [pbb = 7 (700)3008 = 1575 x 108mm! Note that F,s(the shear at the 15 ftr) 1; = total ! at the given grid Igriaa = 3 * 5208.333 X 10° + 8575 x 10° = 23200.999 x 10° The distribution of stiffness is even (equal member stiffness both sides of the structure], the structure can be considered as concentric, which means that 2)_ Solve for shear per grid }59.428KN Grid A(x 10mm") va fst 4 tonat A 24199999 46.595 B 17199.999 33.117 c 1719.99 33.117 D 24199.999 46.595, Total 8279.96 159.428 159.428 Voriaa = 24199999 « >" = 46,595KN ‘griaa 8279.96 46595 33.017 33.117 46.595 q b o o Oo o You can further distribute the shear per column on each grid using the same process. EXAMPLE 6 Determine the Horizontal Distribution of floor shear of floor 5'" of the structure on EXAMPLE 4 given that the lateral framing is modelled as shown:shear de The resisting element dimensions are as follows: Bement _[Dimximmmn) _]_Dimy ren) 500, 5 500) 500) 500, i 3007 600) ig 3 SS SSeS eeeeeeees Note that unlike in EXAMPLE 5, the calculation will be per element not per grid 1) Determine the center of rigidity along x Since most of the sections are rectangular 1=—bh3, 12 i 1p ns 80 be = 75 DDS Benen] —bemx | Demy] —Trnsan —] 8 Torco? from)_| tomy | ini 1 0 500 got 500" ° oO Eeaoss 2 | = | = | mm || =e a ss as oesz a ca Saas [| ora i aD 200 300 9 7 5 co 00 1550. é Bo z cm 00 350. 1s 72250 z 0 ao 3200 2 Tis z to a snes [0 7 = en a S633 | 6 [S65 10 0 120 pee 6 648000 2 a 0 Saas [| ee rz SD Soo 3553 [9 0 ie a0 cm Sziesss | 6 [aoe is 0 S007 Sains | 1s | —ra12a995 ie a0 00. Sana | “2 | 09874995 Tras, 6a 774965 Ee 1367874.963 = Fi ag = Lisgoieay = 12m fromthe left ~ most element Yituaxie— n= s006s04738 2) Determine the center of rigidity along y 1 T= bh Re’ 1 yp’ 80 ly = 75DyD3 Bement | Ome] Dimy | Travan Cy ae (mm) |v) _|_cio%mn'y 7 cay 00 sana —|—o z 2 0 00 e833 | —0 a z 0 00 saiea93 | —0 2 @ 0 00 e78383 [0 a. Tr 00 00 130 ai} 1s 5 ra) 00 50. arp aati é a0. 00 Sao ai | aati z ‘0. a0 350. S17 [110295 2 0 ‘sin wie —| 1634] —Bs104 161 2 a0 om saig-333 [164 [as 10416122 io 00 1700 zo ese] ——aalla 12 a0 300 Saoesss [ssa esion nei is 0 500 smues3 | 23.52 [129.9022 i 0 00 Soe 335 | 2.52 | 109.9922 15 500 00 Sone 335 | 2.52 [oa 9920 is <0 0 Soe 335 | 23.52 | 10009. 9922 Tun 663 2997284529 Tray _ 8997254523 Lhhay 73491663 12.243m from the top — most element9.00 Y= 12.243 1 5 center be rigiaity Figure 14 Center of rigidity of the 15th firfor example 6 3) Solve 1,(@ — x)? and 1, (Fy)? Floment ca at SRR 0) = aT T3348 72 97 a T77aa ais 7 ADT ZIPS. a 28400 2073 se? “ 13130 a7 58.077 z 37400 2078 PPS 2 Tapw09 957 4097 aye 3 127499.988 4097 Sui 0 322800 A077 ema 7 mira 4097 ae 13 Tarvv9 952 TL T3475 ia Tara. 968 uz e034? Sod 5 Lari igi? 82347 504 3 aaisrav7e Ta e084? Sod Tota e344 735 E303668.55 > IE — x)? + > 1, (9 — y)® = 5836424.733 + 6303668.55 = 12140093.28 4)_ Determine Center of gravity ag Tement] Dmx] omy a om om) | _ (oom z = so 250000 = TO = 0 soo 250000 is 3750000 “ <0 S00 250000 zr 3250000 a 0 soo Teaco o 0 = 0 S00 | 00 cD ~ Tae < 0 300 Tea is 2700000 z 0 0. Tec00 zr 3720000 2 0 So 250000 2 2 = 0 0 250000 @ Toea a @ Tao is 730000 zi 250000 07 006, LAxey _ 40710000 EA ~ 3830000 10.629m from the left — most element 5) Solve for regular force distribution Let Fy = Force distribution due to Shear, and Fy = Force distribution due to additional torsion From EXAMPLE 4 Fen = 45.551kN Solve for e=£- eg = 12m ~ 10.629m = 1.371m Note that additional torsion can be solve using NSCP 2015 208.5.1.3 Where diaphragms are not flexible the mass at cach level shall be assumed to be displaced from the ealeulated center cof mass in each direction a distance equal to $ percent of the building dimension al that level perpendicular to the direction of the force under consideration. The effect of this displacement on the storey shear distribution shall be considered eg =e + 0.05 * L = 1371m + 0.05 21m e, = 2421m M, = Fiey My = Feeney = 110.279Nm Bement | Tra an 7 oe aah Foot Fr (<'10!mm') ie brace EST TESST 3208 2UBT+OSeB 1 | s208333 | 12, | ~ans9are6s =2649 a 2 | sess [6 2.081 PE 3] sa8333 [3 2.081 1939) 4] 5208333 [9 2.061 1.655) 1 $400 2 2.158 2.747 3 1350) é 0.539 0.613 é 1350) 0.539 0.502 7 $400 2 2.158) 177 a | sa08s33 [12 2.081 2.649 9 | sass [6 2.081 2.365 io 13200 3 17.265, 16.086 12 | s05 353 | 9 2.081 1.655; 13] s205.558 [12 2.081 2.649 1a | s205.553 | 6 2.081 2.365 15 | _s208.333 [3 2.081 13939) 16 | s208.333 [9 2.081 1.655) 113991663 Shear can be applied per element. Shown below is the shear distribution for columns 1 and wall 10 (element 10 is considered as a walll for its width)i i ' i i i — i Oo--G2---- Boo 7 14 7 13