Historical development of science and technology in Spanish Colonial Era

the Philippines
• Introuduced formal education
• Early years of Spanish rule in phil, taught
reading, writing, arithmetic and music.
• Scie and tech in the phi experienced periods of
• Sanitation and agriculture and more advance
intense growth as well as long periods of
methods
stagnation
• Established colleged and universities in the
• The main managing agencuu for sci and tech is
archipelago inlcludin the oldest existing
DOST
university in Asia, the University of Sto. Tomas
• Numerous national sci have contributed in diff
• The Galleon Trade, accounted in the phil
fieldss of scinence includingng Fe del mundo –
colonial economy
pediatrics, Eduardo Quisumbing – plant
• Trade was given focus by the Spaniard colonial
taxonomy, Gavino Trono – tropical marine
due to prospects of big profits
phycologym maria orosa – food tech
• Agriculture and industrial development was
neglected
• Suez canal, saw the influx of European visitors
Pre Spanish era
to the Spanish colony . Filos were able to study
• Aware of medicinal and therapeutic properties of in Europe who were probably influenced by the
plants and methods of extracting rapid development of scientific ideals lead to
• Had alphabet, number system, a weighing and the Age of Enlightenment
measuring system and a calendar. Engaged in • Established schools run by Spanish friars
o FARMING (highest institution of learning, pontifical and
o SHIP BUILDING royal university of sto. Tomas , hospitals started
o MINING scientific research
o AND WEAVING • Strict hold of the church among citizens and its
• Banaue Rice terraces, engineered by pre-sapnish intervention and meddling to the government
era Filipinos. • Dr. Jose Rizal. Epitome of Renaissance in Phil
• First inhabitants, Palawan, Batangas around context.
40,000 years ago, made simple tools • Charity hospitals became the breeding
• Brought by primitive needs. ground for scientific researched on pharmacy
• Learned to understand that when clay is mixed and medicine, with great focus on problems of
with water can make pots before sun drying infectious diseases, their causes and possible
• Learned to extract,smelt, and refine metals like remedies
copper, gold, bronze, and iron from nature and • In 1887, the Laboratorio Municipal De
formed into fashion, tools, and implements Ciudad De Manila was created and whose
• As the inhabitants shifted from wandring from functions were to conduct biochemical analyses
one place to another abd learned to sellle in for public health, medico legal cases, and
areas near water source, they learned to weave specimen analysis
cotton, engaged in agriculture, and • Cronica De Ciencias Medicas De Filipinas,
knowledgeable on building boats for coastal publication, first scientific journal in the
trade country- also showed studies undertaken that
• Primitive filipinos practiced science and time.
technology in their everyday lives • The exploitation of natural resources of the
country through agriculture, mining of metals
and minerals and establishing various kinds of
industries were started during this time to
promote eco growth
• In 19th century, Manila became a cosmopolitan
center and modern amenities were introduced to
the city.
 • Phil evolved into a agriculture centered due to • US Economic Survey in 1950, there was
Influx of foreign capital and technology = o Lack of basic information
modernization of some sectors, notably sugar, o Lack of support of experimental work
and hemp productin and minimal budget for scientific
research
American Period
o Low salaries of scientists employed by
• rapid growth in science and tech during the the government
American occupation was made possible ny the • 1958, during regime of President Carlos P.
governments extensive public edcuaton system Garcia, the Philippine Congress passed the
from elementary tertiary schools science act of 1958 which established the
• college of agriculture (UPLB in 1909) National Science Development Board
• College of Arts, Engineering and Veterinary
Medicine (UPD in 1910) College of Medicine Commonwealth Period
(UPD in 1940)
• Bureau of Science formerly Bureau of • Filos were busy in working towards economic
Govenment Laboratories, was composed of a reliance but acknowledge the importance and
biological chemical, and serum laboratory for cital role of science and technology for the eco
the production of virus vaccine, serums, and dev of the country by declaring that “the state
prophylactics, and a library shall promote scientific research and invention’
• The enrolment in vet me and vocational courses • The prevailing institutions during the time of
were dismal that the government had to offer Commonwealth period to the Japanese regime
scholarships to attract students. The filipinos had made development in science and
prefer prestigious professions at that time like technology practically impossible
priesthood, law and medicine • This is also true when WWII ended and left
• It served as the primary training ground fro filo Manila, the country’s capital in ruins, The giv
scientists and paved the way for pionerring had rebuild again and normalize the operation in
scientific research, most especially on the study the whole country
of various tropical diseases that were prevalent
Science and Technology Since Independence
during those time like malaria
• Another great contribution of the bureau of • Institute of Science – replaced the bureau of
science to the dev of science and in the science and was placed under the office of the
Philippine was the publication of the pres in the phil
Philippine journal of science, published • 1958, Carlos P. Garcia, Science act of 1958,
researched done in local labs NSDB
• December 8, 1933, established national research • Little innovation since 1946
council of the Philippines
• July 1, 1901, Phil comms established Bureau of Science and Technology in the 1960s to 1990s
givebrment Laboratories which was placed • Section 9(1) of the 1973 Philippine Constituton
under the department of interior thet science will be prio
• Bureau replaced the Laboratorio Municipal • April 6, 1968, BBM proclaimed 35-hectare land
• October 26,1905, the bureau of government in Bicutan, taguid as the site of Philippine
laboratories was replaced by the bureay of Science Community
science and on December 8,1933 • 1969, provided funds ti priv univ to encourage
• Science during the American period was inclibed conduct of res
towards agriculture, food processing, forestry, • 1970, Philippine coconut Research of Institue e,
medicine and pharmacy Philippine textile Research Institure, Philippine
• Industrial tech was not prio due to free trade Atomic energy establish under NSDB
policy with US which focused on agricultural • 1972, PD no. 4. The Natnl Grains Authority,
economy. tasked to improve rice and corn industry thus
• 1946, bureau of science was replaced with the help in eco dev
Institute Of Science • Philippine Council For Agricultural Research
 • PAGASA Hopes in Philippines Science and Technology
• 1973, Philippine National Oil company created
• Diwata 1- first micro-satellite launched in space
by PD no. 334.
by the Philippines
• NAST – National Academy of Science and
• Guided by Japanese experts
Technology
• Provides real time high resolution and multi-
• 1982, NDSB further reorganized into a National
color infrared images for various applications
Science and Technology Authority (NSTA)
including metereological imaging
composed of four research and development
• Enables a more precise estimate of the fileld
councils
o PCARRD • Provides information about hazards
o PCIERD • Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards
o PCHRD (NOAH)
• March 1983, EO no. 889 issued by the Pres o June 2012, help manage risks associated
which provided for the establishment of a with natural hazards and disasters
national network of centers of excellence in o Uses the lidar
basic sciences o Developed Hydromet sensors and high
o NINSR resolution geo hazard maps
o NIC • Intelligent Operation center Platform
o NIB o Local collaboration with governments
o NIMS for real time monitoring
• Scientific Career System in the Civil Service Current Initiatives in Science and Technology in the
o Designed to attract more qualified Country
scientists to work in gov
o July 19, 193, by PD No.901 • Advanced device and materials testing in
• Department of Science and Technology laboratories
o Premier science and technology body in • Electronics Products Development Centers
the country, mandated to provide central • Philippine Genome Center
direction, leadership, and coordination • DIE and Mold solutions center
of all scientific and technological
activities, and of formulating policies,
programs and projects to support
national development
o Replaced the national science and
technology in 1986, under the aquino
administratin, with the ff functions (Jan
30,1987
▪ Pursue declared state of policy
of supporting local scientific
and technological effort
▪ Self reliance
▪ Funding
o Budget was tripled
Post Commonwealth era

• 1970s, impotance to science grew