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TRIANGLES
10 CONGRUENCE & SIMILARITY

1. In ABC , AD  BC and AD² = BD. DC. The measure 6. D and E are points on the sides AB and AC
of BAC is: respectively of  ABC such that DE is parallel to
AD  BC AD² = BD. DC BC and AD : DB = 4 : 5, CD and BE intersect each
ABC BAC
other at F. The ratio of the areas of  DEF and

(a) 75º (b) 90º (c) 45º (d) 60º  CBF

2.  ABC AB AC D E
ΔABC is right angled at B. BD is an altitude. AD
= 4cm and DC = 9cm. What is the value of BD DE, BC AD : DB = 4 : 5,
(in cm)? CD BE, F  DEF
ΔABC , B BD AD = 4 DC  CBF
=9 BD (a) 16 : 25 (b) 16 : 81 (c) 81 : 16 (d) 4 : 9
(a) 5 (b) 4.5 (c) 5.5 (d) 6 QR 14
3. In ABC, E and D are points on sides AB and AC, 7. In the given figure, if  and PY = 18 cm,
XY 9
respectively, such that ABC = ADE . lf AE = 6
then what is the value (in cm) of PQ?
cm, AD = 4 cm and EB = 4 cm, then the length of
DC is: QR 14
 PY = 18 PQ
ABC E D AB AC XY 9
ABC = ADE AE = 6 cm, AD = 4 cm
EB
= 4 cm DC
P
(a) 11 cm (b) 8 cm (c) 9.5 cm (d) 10 cm
4. ABCD is a square. Draw a triangle QBC on side
Y
BC considering BC as base and draw a triangle
PAC on AC as its base such that X 105°

Area of Δ QBC
QBC  PAC then 75° 60°
Area of Δ PAC Q R

is equal to : (a) 28 (b) 18 (c) 21 (d) 24

ABCD BC BC QBC 8. Triangle ABC is similar to triangle PQR and AB :
AC PAC PQ= 2 : 3. AD is median to the side BC in triangle
ABC and PS is the median to side QR in triangle
QBC
QBC  PAC PQR. What is the value of (BD/QS)²?
PAC
ABC, PQR AB : PQ= 2 : 3
2 1 1 2 AD, ABC BC PS,
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 2 1 PQR QR (BD/QS)²
5. In  ABC and  DEF, if  A = 50º,  B = 70º,  C = (a) 3/5 (b) 4/9 (c) 2/3 (d) 4/7
60º,  D = 60º,  E = 70º, and  F = 50º, then 9. In the given figure, AQ = 4 2 cm, QC = 6 2 cm and
 ABC  DEF  A = 50º,  B = 70º,  C = AB = 20 cm. If PQ is parallel to BC, then what is the
60º,  D = 60º,  E = 70º,  F = 50º value (in cm) of PB ?
(a)  ABC   FED (b)  ABC   DFE AQ = 4 2 QC = 6 2 AB
(c)  ABC   EDF (d)  ABC   DEF = 20 PQ, BC PB

1
 (a) 18 (b) 16 (c) 12 (d) 15
A 13. In  ABC, D and E are the points on AB and AC re-
spectively such that AD×AC=AB×AE. If
P Q  ADE=  ACB+30° and  ABC=78°, then  A=?
 ABC AB AC D E
AD×AC=AB×AE  ADE=  ACB +30°
B C  ABC=78°  A=?
(a) 68° (b) 48° (c) 56° (d) 54°
(a) 8 (b) 12 (c) 6 (d) 15
10. PQR is a triangle. S and T are the midpoints of 14. In equilateral  ABC, D and E are points on the
the sides PQ and PR respectively. which of the side AB and AC, respectively, such that AD = CE.
following is TRUE? BE and CD intersect at F. The measure (in
I. Triangle PST is similar to triangle PQR. degrees) of  CFB is :
II. ST = 1\2 (QR)  ABC D E AB AC
III. ST is parallel to QR. AD = CE BE CD F
PQR S T PQ PR  CFB
(a) 120° (b) 125° (c) 135° (d) 105°

I. PST, PQR 15.  ABC, AB = 20 cm, BC = 7 cm and CA = 15 cm.

Side BC is produced to D such that  DAB
II. ST = 1/2 (QR)
  DCA. DC is qual to :
III. ST, QR
 ABC AB = 20 BC = 7 CA = 15
(a) Only I and II/ I II BC D  DAB
(b) Only II and III/ II III   DCA DC
(c) Only I and III/ I III (a) 10 cm/ (b) 9 cm/
(d) All I,II and III/ I, II III (c) 7 cm/ (d) 8 cm/
11. ABC is a triangle in which  ABC = 90º. BD is 16. In a square ABCD, diagonals AC and BD interest
perpendicular to AC. which of the following is at O. The angle bisector of  CAB meets BD and
TRUE? BC at F and G, respectively. OF : CG is equal to:
I. Triangle BAD is similar to triangle CBD. ABCD AC BD, O
II. Triangle BAD is similar to triangle CAB.  CAB BD BC F
III. Triangle CBD, is similar to triangle CAB. G OF : CG
ABC  ABC = 90º BD,AC
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 3 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 1 : 2
17. In  ABC. D is a point on side BC such that  ADC
I. BAD, CBD =  BAC. If CA = 12 cm, CD = 8 cm, then CB (in
II. BAD, CAB cm) = ?
III. CBD, CAB  ABC BC D  ADC =  BAC
(a) Only I/ I CA = 12 cm, CD = 8 cm CB (cm )

(b) Only II and III/ I III

(a) 1 8 (b) 12 (c) 15 (d) 10
(c) Only I and III/ I III
(d) All I, II and III/ I,II III
12. In  ABC, D is a point on side BC such that
 ADC=  BAC. If CA=12cm, CB=8 cm, then CD is
equal to:/  ABC BC D
 ADC =  BAC CA=12 CB = 8
CD

2
 SOLUTION
1.  Let each side of square =1
A
 then diagonal of square = 2

   QBC ~  PAC
2
Area of QBC  BC 
 Area of PAC =
2
B D C  AC 
AD² = BD . DC 2 2
QC   QB
ADC  CAB (Property of a right angle  ) = 2
=
2
 PC   PA 
 BAC =  ADC = 90° 2 1
1
= =
 2
2 2
2. A
4cm
(90 5.
°- A F
) D
50º 50º
9 cm
 70º 60º 70º 60º
(90°-)  C E D
B
B C
From fig It is clear
 ABC  BCD = ABC~ FED
BD DC 6.
  A
AD BD
4
 BD² = AD × DC 4
D E
 BD = 4  9 = 6 cm. 5
f
3. B C
9
A
 ADE   ABC
6 4
E D  D = B & E = C
4 x  A is common.
x
B C
AED ACB
AD AE DE 4
So, = = =
AB AC BC 9
AD AE Now, In  DEF and  BFC

AB 4  x  DEF =  BFC
4 + x = 15  D =  C and
x = 11 B = E
4. A 1 B So,  DEA   BFC
1
2 1 Q In similar triangles ratio of areas is equal to the
D
ratio of square of corresponding sides.
1 C

area of DEF DE 2
area of 
P area of BFC BC 2
Given
42 16
  QBC ~  PAC 
92 =

81

3
 In  APQ &  ABC
7. P
AP AQ
=
Y AB AC
60°
X 105° AP 4 2
=
20 10 2
75° 60°
Q R 20  2
AP = = 8cm
5
QXY  120º
PB = AB – AP = 20 – 8 = 12cm
PXY  60º 10. Triangle PST is similar to triangle PQR
Δ PXY ~  PRQ
P
PY XY
 
PQ QR
S T
18 9
 Q R [By AAA]
PQ 14
By mid point theorem.
18  14
PQ = = 28cm ST = 1/2(QR)
9
ST is parallel to QR.
AB 2 All I, II and III are true.
8. PQ = 3 (Given)
11. A

A P
D

B C
B D C Q S R
In  BAD and  BDC
2
area of ABC  AB  4  BDA =  BDC (Each 90°)
=   =
area of PQR  PQ 
 9 If  C = 30°
then  A = 60°
[Ratio of similar  ]
Also  ABD = 30°
1
area of ABD  area of ABC  BCD =  ABD
2
area of PQS = 1  BAD   BDC .....(i)
 area of PQR
2 In  BAD and  CAB
2  BDA =  ABC (Each 90°)
4 BD
= = 2  BAD =  BAC (common)
9 QS
 BAD   CAB .... (ii)
[  AD & PS are median]
Similarly  CBD ~  CAB ....(iii)
9. A All conditions are true.
4 2 12.

20
P Q
6 2

B C

4
  FCB = 60° – x
A
In  BFC
 B +  C +  F = 180°
12 x + 60° – x +  BFC = 180°
 BFC = 180° – 60° = 120°
 CFB = 120°
15.
B D C
A
 ABC   DAC
20 15
AC BC
=
DC AC B D
7 C
12 8
=  DAB   DCA
DC 12
DA AB BD
DC = 18  
DC AC AD
13.
DA 20 4
B  =
DC 15 3
4
AD = × DC ...(i)
78 3
D E
20 BD 4
 =
15 AD 3
A C
3
AD = ×BD ...(ii)
AD AE 4
=
AB AC 4 3
× DC = ×BD
(It's mean  ADE   ABC) 3 4
B = D , C = E DC 9

 D = 78 BD 16
 ADE =  ACB + 30° DC 9

 8 =  ACB + 30° BC  DC 16
 ACB = 48
DC 9
 A +  D +  E = 180 
7  DC 16
 A + 78 + 48 = 180 16DC = 63 + 9DC
 A = 54° 7DC = 63
14. DC = 9 cm
16. A B
A
F G
O
D E
D C
F
x ABCD is a square
60-x
B C AC = 2 AB

 ADC and  EBC AC 2AB AB

AO = OC = = =
AD = EC 2 2 2
 A =  C = 60°  AOF   ABG
AC = BC [By AA property]

 ADC   EBC [By SAS] AO OF


AB BG
 ECF =  EBC = x

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 AB
2  1  OF
AB 2 BG

BG = 2 OF ...(i)
AG is angle bisector of  ABC
AB BG 1
 =
AC GC 2
[angle bisector theorem]
1
BG = GC ....(ii)
2
compare (i) and (ii)
1
2 OF = 2
GC

OF : CG = 1 : 2
17. A

12

B D 8 C

In  ABC,
 BAC =  ADC, (given)
In,  ABC &  ADC,
 BAC =  ADC (given)
 C =  C (common)
  ABC   DAC(A–A Theorem)
BC AC BC 12
=  =
AC DC 12 8

144
 BC = = 18 cm
8