Adductor hiatus
- Popliteal artery
- Popliteal vein
Saphenous hiatus
- Lymphatic vessels
- Great saphenous vein
Femoral triangle
- Inguinal ligament – superiorly
- Sartorius muscle – laterally
- Adductor longus - medially
- Iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially – floor
- Fascia lata, cribriform fascia, subcut tissue and skin – roof
Contents
- Femoral nerve,
- Femoral vein,
- Femoral artery
- Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes
Retro-inguinal space
- Muscular compartment (Iliopsoas and femoral nerve)
- Vascular compartment (veins, arteries and lymphatics)
Adductor canal
- Saphenous nerve
- Femoral artery
- Femoral vein
- Descending genicular artery (last 2 pierces the vasoadductor membrane)
Boundaries of the adductor canal
- Adductor longus and magnus (posterior)
- Sartorius (medial)
- Vastoadductor membrane (anterior)
- Vastus medialis (lateral)
Keith Moore, vastus medialis is both lateral and medial
Greater Sciatic Foramen
Boundaries
- Greater sciatic notch
- Sacrospinous ligament
- Sacrum
Contents
- Superior gluteal artery, vein and nerve
- Inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve
- Internal pudendal artery and vein
- Pudendal nerve
- Sciatic nerve
- Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Lesser Sciatic Foramen
- Lesser sciatic notch
- Sacrospinous ligament
- Sacrotuberous ligament
Contents
- Internal pudendal artery and vein
- Pudendal nerve
- Obturator internus
Ischioanal fossa
- Levator ani – superiorly
- Obturator internus – Laterally
- Deep transverse perineal – inferiorly
- Gluteus maximus and sacrotuberous ligament – posteriorly
Popliteal fossa
Boundaries
- Biceps femoris – superolaterally
- Semimembranosus – superomedially
- Medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius – inferolateral and inferomedial
- Skin – posteriorly
- Popliteal fascia – roof
- Popliteus - floor
Contents
- Tibial and common fibula nerves
- Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
- Popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
- Popliteal arteries and veins
- Termination of small saphenous vein
Obturator canal
- Obturator nerve
- Obturator vein
- Obturator artery
Angle of inclination
- At birth (average is 1500)
- At adulthood 1150 - 1400 (average is 1260)
Palpable features of lower limb you probably might not know
- Pubic crest
- Pubic symphysis
- Pubic tubercle
- Adductor tubercle
- Anterolateral tibial (gerdy) tubercle
Guyon (ulnar) canal
- Ulnar nerve
- Ulnar artery*
- FCU*
Carpal tunnel
- Anterior – flexor retinaculum
- Posterior – carpal bones
Contents
- Flexor pollicis longus
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Median nerve
Carrying angle in men is 100-150 and in women is greater than 150
Hilton’s Law
the nerves to the muscles acting on a joint give branches to that joint as well as to the skin over
the area of action of these muscles
Scapulohumeral rhythm
For every 30 of elevation, approximately 20 occur at the glenohumeral joint and 10 at the physiological
scapulothoracic joint. 2:1
Anatomical Snuff box
Boundaries
Anterior - Tendons of APL and EPB
Posterior – Tendon of EPL
Floor – Radial artery, Scaphoid and less distinctly the trapezium
Cubital tunnel
- Laterally – Olecranon process
- Medially – Medially epicondyle
Contents
- Ulnar nerve passes through it
- Superior ulnar collateral artery
- Posterior ulnar recurrent artery
Cubital fossa
Boundaries
- Superior (base) – imaginary line from the medial to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
- Medial – pronator teres
- Lateral – brachioradialis muscle
- Apex – meeting point of pronator teres and brachipradialis muscle
- Roof – skin, fascia and bicipital aponeurosis
Contents
- Median nerve
- Brachial artery
- Tendon of biceps brachii
- Radial nerve
Axillary fossa
Boundaries
- Anterior – Pectoralis major and minor
- Posterior – Subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi
- Medial – Serratus anterior, thoracic wall
- Lateral – Bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus)
- Apex - cervico-axillary canal
- Floor - subcutaneous tissue, axillary fascia, skin
Contents
- Axillary artery
- Axillary vein
- Brachial plexus
- Biceps brachii
- Coracobrachialis
- Axillary lymph nodes
Clavitopectoral (deltopectoral) triangle
Boundaries
- Superiorly – clavicle
- Medially – Pectoralis major
- Laterally – deltoid
- Floor - coracoid process
- Cephalic vein enters the triangle
Scapular notch
- Superiorly – transverse scapula ligament
- Transmits the suprascapula nerve
Quadrangular space
Boundaries
- Superior – Teres minor
- Inferior – Teres major
- Lateral – Surgical neck of the humerus
- Medial – long head of triceps brachii muscle
Contents
- Axillary nerve
- Posterior humeral circumflex arteries
Triangular space** (lower)
Boundaries
- Superior – teres major
- Inferior – long head of triceps
- Lateral – medial head of triceps
Contents
- Radial nerve
- Profunda brachii artery
Triangular space (upper)
Boundaries
- Superior – teres minor
- Inferior – teres major
- Lateral – long head of triceps
Contents
- Scapula circumflex artery
Triangular of auscultation
Boundaries
- Superior and medial – Lateral border of Trapezius
- Laterally – medial border of scapula
- Apex – joining of medial and lateral border
- Floor – 6th and 7th rib and 6th I.C. space (rhomboid major muscle)
- Base – upper horizontal border of latissimus dorsi
Tarsal Tunnel
Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry
- Tibialis posterior tendon
- Flexor Digitorum longus
- Tibial Artery
- Tibial Vein
- Tibial Nerve
- Flexor Hallucis longus
