EEE Department, MSIT Networks Analysis and Synthesis Lab, 4 th Sem, EEC-262

EXPERIMENT NO : 1

AIM: To calculate and verify 'Z' & 'Y' parameters of two-port network.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: Electronic Circuit Trainer Kit , Three resistances, Connecting

Wires .

BRIEF THEORY :

'Z' PARAMETERS :

In Z parameters of a two-port, the input & output voltages V1 & V2 can be expressed in terms of
input & output currents I 1 & I2. Out of four variables (i.e V1 , V2, I1 , I2 ) V1 & V2 are dependent
variables whereas I1 & I2 are independent variables. Thus,

V1 = Z11I1+ Z12 I2 -----(1)

V2 = Z21I1+ Z22 I2 -----(2)

Here Z11 & Z22 are the input & output driving point impedances while Z 12 & Z21 are the
reverse & forward transfer impedances.

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EEE Department, MSIT Networks Analysis and Synthesis Lab, 4 th Sem, EEC-262

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig 1-a: Circuit for determining Z11 & Z21

Fig 1-b: Circuit for determining Z12 & Z22

PROCEDURE:

a) Connect the variable voltage to port 1 and keep the port 2 open circuit i.e. I2 = 0 as
shown in fig.4.a .Set different voltages on V1 and measure V1 , V2 and I1 for each setting
and tabulate Z11 & Z21.
b) Connect the variable voltage to port 2 and keep the port1 open circuit i.e. I1 = 0 as
shown in fig.4.b. Set different voltages at V2 and measure V2, V1, I 2 for each setting
and tabulate Z12 & Z22.

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EEE Department, MSIT Networks Analysis and Synthesis Lab, 4 th Sem, EEC-262

OBSERVATIONS:

For Z parameters :

S. When Port 2 is open ckt I2 = 0 When Port 1 is open ckt I1 = 0

NO.
V1 (V) V2 (V) I1 (mA) Z11 = Z21 = V1(V) V2(V) I2(mA) Z12 = Z22 =
V1/I 1 (Ω) V2 /I1(Ω) V1/I 2(Ω) V2 /I2(Ω)

CALCULATION:-

R1=……Ω R2=…….Ω R3=…….Ω

(i) Z11
PRACTICALLY (P) Z11 = (V1 /I1 )=……..Ω

THEORETICAL (T) Z11 = (R1+R3) =……...Ω

(ii) Z22
PRACTICALLY (P) Z22 = (V2/I2 )=…….Ω

THEORETICAL (T) Z22 = (R2+R3) =…….Ω

(iii) Z21
PRACTICALLY (P) Z21 = (V2/I 1 )=…….Ω

THEORETICAL (T) Z21 = (R3) =…………Ω

Ω
(iv) Z12
PRACTICALLY (P) Z12 = (V1/I2 ) =…….,Ω

THEORETICAL (T) Z12 = ( R3) =…………Ω

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EEE Department, MSIT Networks Analysis and Synthesis Lab, 4 th Sem, EEC-262

'Y' PARAMETERS

BRIEF THEORY :

In Y parameters of a two-port , the input & output currents I1 & I2 can be expressed in terms of
input & output voltages V1 & V2 . Out of four variables (i.e I1 , I2, V1, V2 ) I 1& I 2 are dependent
variables whereas V1 & V2 are independent variables.

I1= Y11 V2 + Y12 V2 -------(1)

I2= Y21 V1 + Y 22 V2 -------(2)

Here Y 11 & Y22 are the input & output driving point admittances while Y12 & Y21 are the
reverse & forward transfer admittances.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig : 1-c

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 EEE Department, MSIT Networks Analysis and Synthesis Lab, 4 th Sem, EEC-262

Fig : 1- d
PROCEDURE :

a) Connect the variable voltage to port 1 and keep the port 2 short circuit i.e. V2 = 0 as
shown in fig.4.a .Set different voltages on V1 and measure V1 , I 2 and I 1 for each setting
and tabulate Y11 & Y21.
b) Connect the variable voltage to port 2 and keep the port1 short circuit i.e. V1 = 0 as
shown in fig.4.b. Set different voltages at V2 and measure V2, I 1, I 2 for each setting and
tabulate Y12 & Y22.

OBSERVATIONS:

For Y parameters:

S. When Port 2 is short ckt V2 = 0 When Port 1 is short ckt V1 = 0

NO.
V1 (V) I1 (mA) I2 (mA) Y11 = Y21 = V2(V) I1 (mA) I2(mA) Y12 = Y22 =
I1/V1 (℧) I2 /V1(℧) I1/V2(℧) I2 /V2(℧)

Calculation:

R1=……Ω R2=…….Ω R3=…….Ω

(i) Y11
PRACTICALLY (P) Y11 =(I1/V1 ) =…………Ʊ
1 1
Theoretical (T) Y11 = + ………………………. Ʊ
𝑅1 𝑅3

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EEE Department, MSIT Networks Analysis and Synthesis Lab, 4 th Sem, EEC-262

(ii) Y22
PRACTICALLY (P) Y22 = (I2 /V2 ) =………….. Ʊ
1 1
THEORETICAL (T) Y 22 = + ………………………. Ʊ
𝑅2 𝑅3

(iii) Y21
PRACTICALLY (P) Y21 = (I2/V1 ) =………….Ʊ

1
THEORETICAL (T) Y21 =
𝑅3

(iv) Y12
PRACTICALLY (P) Y12 = (I1/V2 ) =…………… Ʊ
1
THEORETICAL (T) Y 21 = =……. Ʊ
𝑅3

Z Parameters Y Parameters
Practical Theoretical % Practical Theoretical % error
Values Values error Values Values
Z11 Y11
Z12 Y12
Z21 Y21
Z22 Y22
Mean % error Mean % error

PRECAUTIONS:

a) Make the connections according to the circuit diagram. Power supply should be
switched off.
b) Connections should be tight.
c) Note the readings carefully.

RESULT:

The 'Z' & 'Y' parameters of the given two port network has been calculated and verified &
corresponding errors are found.

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EEE Department, MSIT Networks Analysis and Synthesis Lab, 4 th Sem, EEC-262