List of amendments

of the Constitution
of India

As of September 2023, there have been

106[1] amendments of the Constitution of
India since it was first enacted in 1950.[2]

There are three types of amendments to

the Constitution of India of which second
and third type of amendments are
governed by Article 368.

The first type of amendments includes

that can be passed by "simple majority"
in each house of the Parliament of India.
The second type of amendments
includes that can be effected by the
parliament by a prescribed "special
majority" in each house; and
The third type of amendments includes
those that require, in addition to such
"special majority" in each house of the
parliament, ratification by at least one
half of the State Legislatures.
The third type amendments that are made
to the constitution are amendments No. 3,
6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30,
31, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51,
54, 61, 62, 70, 73, 74, 75, 79, 84, 88, 95, 99
and 101.[3]

Although constitutional amendments

require the support of a two-thirds majority
in both houses of Parliament (with some
amendments requiring ratification by a
majority of state legislatures), the Indian
Constitution is the most amended national
constitution in the world.[4] The
Constitution spells out governmental
powers with so much detail that many
matters addressed by statute in other
democracies must be addressed via
constitutional amendment in India. As a
result, the Constitution is amended roughly
twice a year.
List of Amendments
Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

Added special provision Jawaharlal Rajendra

for the advancement of Nehru Prasad
any socially and
educationally[7] backward
classes or for the
Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes (SCs
and STs). To fully secure
the constitutional validity
15, 19, 85, 87, 174,
of zamindari abolition
176, 341, 342, 372
laws and to place
and 376.
18 June reasonable restriction on
1st Insert articles 31A
1951[6] freedom of speech. A
and 31B.
new constitutional device,
Insert schedule
called Schedule 9
9.[5]
introduced to protect
against laws that are
contrary to the
Constitutionally
guaranteed fundamental
rights. These laws
encroach upon property
rights, freedom of speech
and equality before law.

2nd Amend article 1 May 1953 Removed the upper

81(1)(b).[8] population limit for a
parliamentary
constituency by
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
amending Article 81(1)
(b).

Re-enacted entry 33 of
the Concurrent List in the
Seventh Schedule with
relation to include trade
and commerce in, and the
production, supply and
distribution of four
classes of essential
Amend schedule 22 February
3rd commodities, viz.,
7.[9] 1955
foodstuffs, including
edible oil seeds and oils;
cattle fodder, including
oilcakes and other
concentrates; raw cotton
whether ginned or
unginned, and cotton
seeds; and raw jute.

Amend articles 31, Restrictions on property

31A, and 305. 27 April rights and inclusion of
4th
Amend schedule 1955 related bills in Schedule 9
9.[10] of the constitution.

5th Amend article 24 Empowered the President

3.[11] December to prescribe a time limit
1955 for a State Legislature to
convey its views on
proposed Central laws
relating to the formation
of new States and
alteration of areas,
boundaries or names of
existing States. Also
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
permitted the President
to extend the prescribed
limit, and prohibited any
such bill from being
introduced in Parliament
until after the expiry of
the prescribed or
extended period.

Amend articles
11 Amend the Union List and
269 and 286.
6th September State List with respect to
Amend schedule
1956 raising of taxes.
7.[12]

Amend articles 1,
3, 49, 80, 81, 82,
131, 153, 158, 168,
170, 171, 216, 217,
220, 222, 224, 230, Reorganisation of states
231 and 232. 1 on linguistic lines,
7th Insert articles November abolition of Class A, B, C,
258A, 290A, 298, 1956 D states and introduction
350A, 350B, 371, of Union territories.
372A and 378A.
Amend part 8.
Amend schedules
1, 2, 4 and 7.[13]

8th Amend article 5 January Extended the period of

334.[14] 1960 reservation of seats for
the Scheduled Castes
and Scheduled Tribes and
Anglo-Indians in the Lok
Sabha and the State
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
Legislative Assemblies till
1970.

Minor adjustments to
territory of Indian Union
28 consequent to agreement
Amend schedule
9th December with Pakistan for
1.[15]
1960 settlement of disputes by
demarcation of border
villages, etc.

Incorporation of Dadra
Amend article
and Nagar Haveli as a
240. 11 August
10th Union Territory,
Amend schedule 1961
consequent to acquisition
1.[16]
from Portugal.

Election of Vice President

by Electoral College
consisting of members of
both Houses of
Parliament, instead of
19 election by a Joint Sitting
Amend articles 66
11th December of Parliament. Indemnify
and 71.[17]
1961 the President and Vice
President Election
procedure from challenge
on grounds of existence
of any vacancies in the
electoral college.

Incorporation of Goa,
Amend article
20 Daman and Diu as a
240.
12th December Union Territory,
Amend schedule
1961 consequent to acquisition
1.[18]
from Portugal.
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

Amend article Formation of State of Sarvepalli

170. 1 December Nagaland, with special Radhakrishnan
13th
Insert new article 1962 protection under Article
371A.[19] 371A.

Incorporation of
Amend articles 81
Pondicherry into the
and 240.
28 Union of India and
Insert article
14th December creation of Legislative
239A.
1962 Assemblies for Himachal
Amend schedules
Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur
1 and 4.[20]
and Goa.

Amend articles
Raise retirement age of
124, 128, 217, 222,
High Court judges from
224, 226, 297, 311
60 to 62 and other minor
and 316. 5 October
15th amendments for
Insert article 1963
rationalising
224A.
interpretation of rules
Amend schedule
regarding judges etc.
7.[21]

Make it obligatory for

Amend articles 19, seekers of public office to
84 and 173. 5 October swear their allegiance to
16th
Amend schedule 1963 the Indian Republic and
3.[22] prescribe the various
obligatory templates.

To secure the
Amend article constitutional validity of
31A. 20 June acquisition of Estates and
17th
Amend schedule 1964 place land acquisition
9.[23] laws in Schedule 9 of the
constitution.
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

Technical Amendment to
include Union Territories
Amend article 27 August
18th in Article 3 and hence
3.[24] 1966
permit reorganisation of
Union Territories.

Abolish Election Tribunals

11
Amend article and enable trial of
19th December
324.[25] election petitions by
1966
regular High Courts.

Indemnify & validate

judgments, decrees,
orders and sentences Lal

passed by judges and to Bahadur

validate the appointment, Shastri

posting, promotion and
transfer of judges barring
22
Insert article a few who were not
20th December
233A.[26] eligible for appointment
1966
under article 233.
Amendment needed to
overcome the effect of
judgment invalidating
appointments of certain
judges in the state of
Uttar Pradesh.

Amend schedule 10 April Include Sindhi as an Indira

21st
8.[27] 1967 official language. Gandhi

Amend article Provision to form V. V. Giri

25
275. Autonomous states
22nd September
Insert articles within the State of
1969
244A and 371B.[28] Assam.
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

Discontinued reservation
of seats for the
Scheduled Tribes in
Nagaland, both in the Lok
Sabha and the State
Legislative Assembly and
stipulated that not more
Amend articles than one Anglo-Indian
23 January
23rd 330, 332, 333 and could be nominated by
1970
334.[29] the Governor to any State
Legislative Assembly.
Extend reservation for
SCs and STs and Anglo
Indian members in the
Lok Sabha and State
Assemblies for another
ten years, i.e. up to 1980.

Enable parliament to
5
Amend articles 13 dilute fundamental rights
24th [30]
November
and 368. through amendments to
1971
the constitution.

25th Amend article 31. 8 December Restrict property rights

Insert article 1971 and compensation in
31C.[31] case the state takes over
private property.

However, the Supreme

Court quashed a part of
Article 31C (4) to the
extent it took away the
power of judicial review.
This was done in the
landmark case of
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
Kesavananda Bharati v.
State of Kerala (1973) 4
SCC 225 which for the
first time enunciated the
Basic structure doctrine.

Amend article
Abolition of privy purse
366.
28 paid to former rulers of
Insert article
26th December princely states which
363A.
1971 were incorporated into
Remove articles
the Indian Republic.
291 and 362.[32]

(i)30
Amend articles Reorganisation of
December
239A and 240. Mizoram into a Union
27th 1971 & (ii)
Insert articles Territory with a legislature
15 February
239B and 371C.[33] and council of ministers.
1972[6]

Rationalise Civil Service

Insert article
rules to make it uniform
312A. 29 August
28th across those appointed
Remove article 1972
prior to Independence
314.[34]
and post independence.

Place land reform acts

Amend schedule 9 June and amendments to
29th
9.[35] 1972 these act under Schedule
9 of the constitution.

30th Amend article 9 June Change the basis for

133.[36] 1972 appeals in Supreme Court
of India in case of Civil
Suits from value criteria
to one involving
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
substantial question of
law.

Increase size of
Parliament from 525 to
545 seats. Increased
seats going to the new
Amend articles 81, 17 October
31st states formed in North
330 and 332.[37] 1973
East India and minor
adjustment consequent
to 1971 Delimitation
exercise.

Protection of regional
rights in Telangana and
Andhra regions of State
of Andhra Pradesh.

Supreme Court in P.
Sambamurthy v. State of
Andhra Pradesh (https://
Amend article
main.sci.gov.in/jonew/jud
371.
is/8854.pdf) 1987 SCC
Insert articles
32nd 1 July 1974 (1) 362 held clause (3)
371D and 371E.
and (5) along with its
Amend schedule
Proviso of Article 371D as
7.[38]
unconstitutional and void.
It was found to be
violative of basic
structure doctrine,
against the concept of
justice and the principle
of the rule of law.[39]

33rd Amend articles 19 May Prescribes procedure for

[40]
101 and 190. 1974 resignation by members
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
of parliament and state
legislatures and the
procedure for verification
and acceptance of
resignation by house
speaker.

Place land reform acts Fakhruddin Ali

7
Amend schedule and amendments to Ahmed
34th [41]
September
9. these act under Schedule
1974
9 of the constitution.

Amend articles 80
Terms and Conditions for
and 81.
1 March the Incorporation of
35th Insert article 2A.
1975 Sikkim into the Union of
Insert schedule
India.
10.[42]

Amend articles 80
and 81.
Insert article 371F.
Formation of Sikkim as a
Remove article 2A. 26 April
36th State within the Indian
Amend schedules 1975
Union.
1 and 4.
Remove schedule
10.[43]

Formation of Arunachal
Amend articles
37th 3 May 1975 Pradesh legislative
239A and 240.[44]
assembly.

Amend articles
Enhances the powers of
123, 213, 239B, 1 August
38th President and Governors
352, 356, 359 and 1975
to pass ordinances.
360.[45]

39th Amend articles 71 10 August Amendment designed to

and 329. 1975 negate the judgement of
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
Insert article Allahabad HC in State of
329A. Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain
Amend schedule 1975 SCR (3) 333
9.[46] invalidating PM Indira
Gandhi's election to
parliament. Amendment
placed restrictions on
judicial scrutiny of post of
Prime Minister.[47]

Later, clauses (4) and (5)

of Article 329A were
struck down by the
Supreme Court in Indira
Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain
(https://main.sci.gov.in/ju
dgment/judis/21398.pd
f) 1976 (2) SCR 347, for
being in violation of basic
structure.

Enable Parliament to
make laws with respect
to Exclusive Economic
Zone and vest the mineral
Amend article
wealth with Union of
297. 27 May
40th India.
Amend schedule 1976
9.[48] Place land reform & other
acts and amendments to
these act under Schedule
9 of the constitution.

41st Amend article 7 Raise Retirement Age

[49]
316. September Limit of Chairmen and
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
1976 Members of Joint Public
Service Commissions
and State Public Service
Commissions from sixty
to sixty two.

Amendment passed
during internal
Amend articles 31,
emergency by Indira
31C, 39, 55, 74, 77,
Gandhi. Provides for
81, 82, 83, 100,
curtailment of
102, 103, 105, 118,
fundamental rights,
145, 150, 166, 170,
imposes fundamental
172, 189, 191, 192,
duties and changes to the
194, 208, 217, 225,
basic structure of the
226, 227, 228, 311,
constitution by making
312, 330, 352, 353, 3 January, 1
India a "Sovereign
356, 357, 358, 359, February &
42nd Socialist Secular
366, 368 and 371F. 1 April
Democratic Republic".
Insert articles 31D, 1977[6]
32A, 39A, 43A, However, the Supreme
48A, 131A, 139A, Court, in Minerva Mills v.
144A, 226A, 228A Union of India 1980 SCC
and 257A. (3) 625, quashed the
Insert parts 4A amendments to Articles
and 14A. 31C and 368 as it was in
Amend schedule contravention with the
7.[50] basic structure of the
Constitution.

43rd Amend articles 13 April Amendment passed after Morarji Neelam

145, 226, 228 and 1978 revocation of internal Desai Sanjiva Reddy
366. emergency in the
Remove articles Country. Repeals some of
31D, 32A, 131A, the more 'Anti-Freedom'
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
144A, 226A and amendments enacted
[51]
228A. through Amendment Bill
42.

Amend articles 19,

22, 30, 31A, 31C,
38, 71, 74, 77, 83,
Amendment passed after
103, 105, 123, 132,
revocation of internal
133, 134, 139A,
emergency in the
150, 166, 172, 192,
Country.
194, 213, 217, 225,
226, 227, 239B, 20 June, 1 Provides for human rights
329, 352, 356, 358, August & 6 safeguards and
44th
359, 360 and 371F. September mechanisms to prevent
Insert articles 1979[6] abuse of executive and
134A and 361A. legislative authority.
Remove articles Annuls some
31, 257A and Amendments enacted in
329A. Amendment Bill 42.
Amend part 12.
Amend schedule
9.[52]

Extend reservation for Indira

SCs and STs and Gandhi
nomination of Anglo
Amend article 25 January
45th Indian members in
334.[53] 1980
Parliament and State
Assemblies for another
ten years i.e. up to 1990.

Amend articles Amendment to negate Zail Singh

269, 286 and 366. 2 February judicial pronouncements
46th
Amend schedule 1983 on scope and
7.[54] applicability on Sales Tax.
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

Place land reform acts

Amend schedule 26 August and amendments to
47th
9.[55] 1984 these act under Schedule
9 of the constitution.

Article 356 amended to

Amend article permit President's rule up
48th 1 April 1985
356.[56] to two years in the state
of Punjab.

Recognise Tripura as a
Amend article
11 tribal state and enable the
244.
49th September creation of a Tripura
Amend schedules
1984 Tribal Areas Autonomous
5 and 6.[57]
District Council.

Technical Amendment to
curtailment of
Fundamental Rights as
11 per Part III as prescribed
Amend article
50th September in Article 33 to cover
33.[58]
1984 Security Personnel
protecting property and
communication
infrastructure.

Provide reservation to
Scheduled Tribes in
Nagaland, Meghalaya,
Amend articles 16 June Mizoram and Arunachal
51st
330 and 332.[59] 1986 Pradesh in Loksabha,
similarly for Meghalaya
and Arunachal in their
Legislative Assemblies.

52nd Amend articles 1 March Anti Defection Law – Rajiv

101, 102, 190 and 1985 Provide disqualification Gandhi
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
191. of members from
Insert schedule parliament and assembly
10.[60] in case of defection from
one party to other.

However, para 7 of the

10th Schedule was struck
down by the Supreme
Court in the case of
Kihoto Hollohan v.
Zachillhu (https://main.sc
i.gov.in/judgment/judis/12
491.pdf) 1992 SCR (1)
686, for being in
contravention with Article
368 of the Constitution.

Special provision with

Insert article 20 February
53rd respect to the State of
371G.[61] 1986
Mizoram.

Increase the salary of

Chief Justice of India &
Amend articles other Judges and to
125 and 221. provide for determining
54th 1 April 1986
Amend schedule future increases without
[62]
2. the need for
constitutional
amendment.

Special powers to
Insert article 20 February Governor consequent to
55th
371H.[63] 1987 formation of state of
Arunachal Pradesh.
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

Transition provision to
Insert article 30 May
56th enable formation of state
371I.[64] 1987
of Goa.

Provide reservation to R.
Scheduled Tribes in Venkataraman
21
Amend article Nagaland, Meghalaya,
57th September
332.[65] Mizoram and Arunachal
1987
Pradesh Legislative
Assemblies.

Provision to publish
authentic Hindi
Insert article translation of constitution
9 December
58th 394A. as on date and provision
1987
Amend part 22.[66] to publish authentic Hindi
translation of future
amendments.

Article 356 amended to

permit President's rule up
to three years in the state
Amend article of Punjab, Articles 352
356. 30 March and Article 359A
59th
Insert article 1988 amended to permit
359A.[67] imposing emergency in
state of Punjab or in
specific districts of the
state of Punjab.

Profession Tax increased

20
Amend article from a minimum of Rs.
60th December
276.[68] 250/- to a maximum of
1988
Rs. 2500/-.

Amend article 28 March Reduce age for voting

61st [69]
326. 1989 rights from 21 to 18.
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

Extend reservation for V. P. Singh

SCs and STs and
nomination of Anglo
Amend article 25 January
62nd Indian members in
334.[70] 1990
Parliament and State
Assemblies for another
ten years i.e. up to 2000.

Emergency powers
Amend article
applicable to State of
356. 6 January
63rd Punjab, accorded in
Remove article 1990
Article 359A as per
359A.[71]
amendment 59 repealed.

Article 356 amended to

permit President's rule up
Amend article 16 April
64th to three years and six
356.[72] 1990
months in the state of
Punjab.

National Commission for

Scheduled Castes and
Amend article 12 March Scheduled Tribes formed
65th
338.[73] 1992[6] and its statutory powers
specified in The
Constitution.

Place land reform acts

Amend schedule 7 June and amendments to
66th
9.[74] 1990 these act under Schedule
9 of the constitution.

Article 356 amended to

Amend article 4 October permit President's rule up
67th [75]
356. 1990 to four years in the state
of Punjab.
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

Article 356 amended to

Amend article 12 March permit President's rule up
68th
356.[76] 1991 to five years in the state
of Punjab.

To provide for a P. V.
legislative assembly and Narasimha
Insert articles
1 February council of ministers for Rao
69th 239AA and
[77]
1992[6] National Capital Territory
239AB.
of Delhi. Delhi continues
to be a Union Territory.

Include National Capital

Territory of Delhi and
21
Amend articles 54 Union Territory of
70th December
and 239AA.[78] Pondicherry in Electoral
1991
College for presidential
election.

Include Konkani, Manipuri Shankar Dayal

Amend schedule 31 August
71st and Nepali as official Sharma
8.[79] 1992
languages.

Provide reservation to
Amend article 5 December Scheduled Tribes in
72nd [80]
332. 1992 Tripura State Legislative
Assembly.

Statutory provisions for

Insert part 9.
24 April Panchyat Raj as third
73rd Insert schedule
1992 level of administration in
11.[81]
villages.

74th Insert part 9A , 1 June Statutory provisions for

insert schedule 12 1992 Local Administrative
, amend article bodies as third level of
280.[82] administration in urban
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
areas such as towns and
cities.

Amend article 15 May Provisions for setting up

75th [83]
323B. 1994 Rent Control Tribunals.

Enable continuance of
69% reservation in Tamil
Amend schedule 31 August Nadu by including the
76th
9.[84] 1994 relevant Tamil Nadu Act
under 9th Schedule of the
constitution.

A technical amendment
Amend article 17 June to protect reservation to
77th
16.[85] 1995 SCs and STs Employees
in promotions.

Place land reform acts

Amend schedule 30 August and amendments to
78th
9.[86] 1995 these act under Schedule
9 of the constitution.

Extend reservation for Atal Bihari K. R.

SCs and STs and Vajpayee Narayanan
nomination of Anglo
Amend article 25 January
79th Indian members in
334.[87] 2000
Parliament and State
Assemblies for another
ten years i.e. up to 2010.

Implement Tenth Finance

Commission
Amend articles
recommendation to
269 and 270. 9 June
80th simplify the tax structures
Remove article 2000
by pooling and sharing all
272.[88]
taxes between states and
the centre.
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

Protect SCs and STs

Amend article 9 June
81st reservation in filling
16.[89] 2000
backlog of vacancies.

Permit relaxation of
qualifying marks and
8
Amend article other criteria in
82nd September
335.[90] reservation in promotion
2000
for SCs and STs
candidates.

Exempt Arunachal
8 Pradesh from reservation
Amend article
83rd September for Scheduled Castes in
243M.[91]
2000 Panchayati Raj
institutions.

Extend the usage of 1971

Amend articles 55, national census
21 February
84th 81, 82, 170, 330 population figures for
[92]
2002
and 332. statewise distribution of
parliamentary seats.

A technical amendment
to protect Consequential
Amend article 4 January
85th seniority in case of
16.[93] 2002
promotions of SCs and
STs Employees.

Amend articles 45 A. P. J. Abdul

12 Provides Right to
and 51A. Kalam
86th December Education until the age of
Insert article
2002 fourteen.
21A.[94]

87th Amend articles 81, 22 June Extend the usage of 2001

82, 170 and 2003 national census
330.[95] population figures for
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
statewise distribution of
parliamentary seats.

Amend article
270.
To extend statutory cover
Insert article 15 January
88th for levy and utilisation of
268A. 2004
Service Tax.
Amend schedule
7.[96]

The National Commission

for Scheduled Castes and
Amend article Scheduled Tribes was
28
338. bifurcated into The
89th September
Insert article National Commission for
[97]
2003
338A. Scheduled Castes and
The National Commission
for Scheduled Tribes.

28 Reservation in Assam
Amend article
90th September Assembly relating to
332.[98]
2003 Bodoland Territory Area.

Amend articles 75
Restrict the size of
and 164.
council of ministers to
Insert article 1 January
91st 15% of legislative
361B. 2004
members & to strengthen
Amend schedule
Anti Defection laws.
10.[99]

Include Bodo, Dogri,

Amend schedule 7 January
92nd Santali and Mathili as
8.[100] 2003
official languages.

93rd Amend article 20 January To enable provision of Manmohan

15.[101] 2006 reservation (27%) for Singh
Other Backward
Class(OBCs) in
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
government as well as
private educational
institutions.

To provide for a Minister

of Tribal Welfare in newly
Amend article 12 June created Jharkhand and
94th [102]
164. 2006 Chhattisgarh States
including Madhya
Pradesh and Orissa.

To extend the reservation Pratibha Patil

of seats for SCs and STs
Amend article 25 January and Anglo-Indian in the
95th [103]
334. 2010 Lok Sabha and states
assemblies from Sixty
years to Seventy years.

23
Amend schedule Substituted "Odia" in the
96th September
8.[104] place of "Oriya".
2011

97th Amend Art 19 and 12 January Added the words "or co-
added Art 43B and 2012 operative societies" after
Part IXB.[105] the word "or unions" in
Article 19(l)(c) and
insertion of article 43B
i.e., Promotion of Co-
operative Societies and
added Part-IXB i.e., The
Co-operative Societies. In
July 2021 Supreme Court
Struck Part of the
amendment as it was not
ratified by the states.[106]
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
The amendment objective
is to encourage economic
activities of cooperatives
which in turn help
progress of rural India. It
is expected to not only
ensure autonomous and
democratic functioning of
cooperatives, but also the
accountability of the
management to the
members and other
stakeholders.[107]

To empower the Governor Pranab

To insert Article of Karnataka to take Mukherjee
1 January
98th 371J in the steps to develop the
2013
Constitution[108] Hyderabad-Karnataka
Region.[108]

99th Insertion of new 13 April Formation of a National Narendra

articles 124A, 2015[110] Judicial Appointments Modi
124B and 124C. Repealed Commission. 16 State
Amendments to 16 October assemblies out of 29
Articles 127, 128, 2015 States including Goa,
217, 222, 224A, Rajasthan, Tripura,
231.[109] Gujarat and Telangana
ratified the Central
Legislation, enabling the
President of India to give
assent to the bill.[111] The
amendment was struck
down by the Supreme
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
Court on 16 October
2015.

Exchange of certain
enclave territories with
Bangladesh and
conferment of citizenship
Amendment of
31 July rights to residents of
100th First Schedule to
2015 enclaves consequent to
Constitution[112]
signing of Land Boundary
Agreement (LBA) Treaty
between India and
Bangladesh.

Addition of
articles 246A,
269A, 279A.
Deletion of Article
268A.

Amendment of Introduced the Goods and

101st 1 July 2017
articles 248, 249, Services Tax.
250, 268, 269, 270,
271, 286, 366, 368,
Sixth Schedule,
Seventh
Schedule.[113]

Addition of Ram Nath

articles 338B, Kovind
342A, and Added
Constitutional status to
Clause 26C. 11 August
102nd National Commission for
2018
Modification of Backward Classes
articles 338,
366.[114]
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister

A maximum of 10%
Reservation for
Economically Weaker
Sections (EWSs) of
citizens of classes other
than the classes
Amendment to
mentioned in clauses (4)
Article 15, added
and (5) of Article 15, i.e.
Clause [6],
12 January Classes other than
103rd
Amendment to 2019 socially and educationally
Article 16, added backward classes of
[115]
Clause [6]. citizens or the Scheduled
Castes and the
Scheduled Tribes.
Inserted Clause [6] under
Article 15 as well as
Inserted Clause [6] under
Article 16.

To extend the reservation

of seats for SCs and STs
in the Lok Sabha and
states assemblies from
Seventy years to Eighty
Amend article 25 January
104th years. Removed the
334.[116] 2020
reserved seats for the
Anglo-Indian community
in the Lok Sabha and
state assemblies by not
extending it further.[117]

105th Amended Article 10 August To restore the power of

338B, 342A and 2021 the state governments to
366[118] identify Other Backward
Classes (OBCs) that are
 Enforced Prime
No. Amendments Objectives President
since Minister
socially and educationally
backward. This
amendment annulled the
Supreme Court
judgement of 11 May
2021, which had
empowered only the
Central government for
such identification.[119]

To reserve one-third of
the seats in the Lok
Amended article Sabha(330A), state
239AA. legislative
28
assemblies(332A) and Droupadi
106th Insertion of September
Delhi Legislative Murmu
articles 330A, 2023[120]
Assembly(239AA) for
332A, 334A.
women for a period for 15
years after coming effect.
(334A)

See also
The Constitution (One Hundred and
Twenty-Eighth Amendment) Bill, 2023

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External links
Pykih Data Visualization of
Constitutional Amendments (http://cons
titution-of-india.pykih.com/)
Know The Genesis of 103rd
Constitutional Amendment (http://abcliv
e.in/103rd-constitutional-amendment/)

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