Basic Trigonometric Function
Formulas
There are basically 6 ratios used for finding the
elements in Trigonometry. Theyare called
trigonometric functions. The six trigonometric
functions are sine, cosine, secant, cosecant,
tangent and cotangent.
By using aright-angled triangle as a
reference, the trigonometric functions and
identities are derived:
"sin = Opposite Side/Hypotenuse
" cos e = Adjacent Side/Hypotenuse
"tan 0= Opposite Side/ Adjacent Side
"sec 0 = Hypotenuse/Adjacent Side
"cosec e = Hypotenuse/Opposite Side
" cot e = Adjacent Side/opposite Side
Reciprocal ldentities
The Reciprocal ldentities are given as:
cosec e = 1/sin 0
" sec 0 =l/cos
cot 0= 1/tan
" sin 9 = l/cosec 0
cos = 1/sec e
" tan = 1/cot 0
Trigonometry Table
Below is the table for trigonometry formulas for
angles that are commonly used for solving
problems.
Angles
0 30 4 60 90 18 27 36
(In 5o
Degrees)
Angles 3Tt
(In Tt 2Tt
6 4 3 2 /2
Radians)
sin
i/ V3
-1 0
2 V2 |2
V3 1/ 1/
COS 1 -1
/2 v2 2
8
tan V3 0 00
V3
8
cot V3
1/ 0
V3
8
COsec 2 V2
2/ 1 -1
00 00
V3
Sec
2/ V2 2 -1 1
00 O0
V3
Periodicity Identities (in Radians)
These formulas are used to shift the angles by
T/2,T, 2T, etc. They are also called co-function
identities.
" sin (n/2 - A) = cos A&cos (n/2 - A) = sin
A
" sin (T/2 + A) = cos A&cos (n/2 + A) =
sin A
sin (3r/2- A) =-cos A&cos (3r/2 - A)
=- sin A
" sin (3r/2 + A) = - cos A&cos (3r/2 + A) =
sin A
" sin ( - A) =sin A&cos (Tn- A) -cos A
" sin ( + A) = -sin A&cos( + A) =-cos
A
" sin (2T - A) = -sin A&cos (2rt - A) = cos
A
sin (2r + A) = sin A&cos (2 + A) = cos A
All trigonometric identities are cyclic in nature.
They repeat themselves after this periodicity
constant. This periodicity constant is different
for different trigonometric identities. tan 45° =
tan 225° but this is true for cOs 45° and cos
225°. Refer to the above trigonometry table to
verify the values.
Cofunction Identities (in Degrees)
The co-function or periodic identities can also
be represented indegrees as:
sin(90°-x) = cos x
cos(90°-x) = sin x
tan(90°-x) = cot x
cot(90°-x) = tanx
sec(90°-x) = cosec x
cosec(90°-x) = sec x
Sum & Difference ldentities
"sin(x+y) =sin(x)cos(y) +cos(x)sin(y)
cos(x+y) = cos(x)cos(y)-sin(x)sin(y)
tan x+tan y
" tan(z +y) = 1-tan a.tan y
"sin(x-y) =sin(x)cos(y)-cos(x)sin(y)
cos(x-y) = cos(x)cos(y) +sin(x)sin(y)
tan a--tan y
"
tan(T-y) 1+tan z.tan y
Double Angle ldentities
2tan a
sin(2x) =2sin T. cos T = 1+tan'a
cos 2æ = cos-sin'z = 1-tan'r
1+tan'r
cos(2x) = 2cos?(x)-1 = |-2sin?(x)
2tan x
" tan 2a = 1-tan²z
secx
" sec 2 =
2-seca
COsec 2x = (sec a.cosec æ)
2
Triple Angle ldentities
" Sin 3x= 3sin x - 4sin®x
" Cos 3x = 4cos®x-3cos X
3tan z-tan'z
" Tan 3 1-3tan
Half Angle ldentities
1-cos T
sin =/ 2
1+cos a
2
1-cos(æ)
" tan()= V 1+cos(æ)
1-cos()
tan()=V 1+cos)
(1-cos(z))(1-cos(*)
V(1+cos(æ)) (1-cos(æ))
(1-cos(æ))?
-cos?(z)
(1-cos(æ))?
sin'(æ)
1-cos(z)
sin(æ)
So,
1-cos(¢)
tan(3) = sin(z)
Product identities
sin(æ+y)+sin(z-y)
Sin ¢ COS Y = 2
COS C " COS Y= cos(+y) +cos(-y)
2
sin z " sin y = cos(-y)-cos(z+y)
2
Sum to Product ldentities
" sin :+sin y = 2sin 2 cos 2
" sin z- sin y= 2cos 2 sin
COS T + cos y= 2 cosT9 -COS
2
Tty
COS T COS y =-2sin 2 -Sin 2
Inverse Trigonometry Formulas
" sin- (-x) =-sinlx
" cos- (-x) = - cos- X
" tan- (-x) = - tanx
cosec(-x) =- cosec-l x
sec-(-x) =n-sec- x
" cotl(-x) =n- cot-l x
What is Sin 3x Formula?
Sin 3x is the sine of three times of an angle in a
right-angled triangle, which is expressed as:
Sin 3x = 3sin x - 4sin3x
