PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

Senior High School Department

Dagupan City, Pangasinan
A.Y. 2019-2020

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE BEHAVIOR OF GRADE 11 STEM

STUDENTS ON ACTIVE LEARNING IN PHINMA-UNIVERSITY OF
PANGASINAN

In partial fulfillment of the requirements

in Practical Research 1

Submitted by:

Alyssa Nicole S. Abad

Mary Ann Joy D. Baloran
Jezelle P. Claveria
Terrie Mae Lalugan
Cassandra Marie C. Lomibao
Rica Mille D. Martin
Kharylle Joy M. Padernal
Christine Joy R. Palaganas
Edcel Joy A. Rosario
Normzey Jetrice D. Salcedo
Cielo Mae B. Tenorio

11ABM-04A

Submitted to

Ms. Vivienne G. Valencia

Practical Research Adviser

AUGUST 2019

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

In this study, the researchers examined different literary works,

articles, and written materials that were used in the conduct of the study.

This will give the readers a wider view and a broader comprehension among

the factors that affect the behavior of Grade 11 STEM students on Active

learning in PHINMA-University of Pangasinan. The review gained significant

results and toughened the researchers’ direction in the pursuit of this study.

Related Literature

Local

According to Laguador (2013), “The environment from teachers can

boost the students and can make them more determined and confident.

Motivation in addition, can also push the student to strive more and aim

higher in their studies. This will lead to a higher grade of the student in their

subject. Giving reward or implementing the reward system is highly

encouraged to give recognition and acknowledgement to the students’ effort

and having them appreciate for performing excellently during periodical

exams and quizzes. This will surely drive them to exert more effort and to do

their very best in dealing with their academics.”

Weimer (2013) found the term “focused in learning” is only defined

and only understood on a shallow level, more than the term also shows
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more points and complexities. It is the teaching that encompasses definite

learning skills instruction. It makes the students reflect about what they

learn and how they learn. In this way, students will be motivated and will

have no urge to study even more in the world of learning. It will engage the

students to work with others in collaboration and have the classroom

recognition as a community where everyone shares the same learning

agenda.

Akiri and Agborugbo (2009) focused on the teachers, as one of the

main components in the school which educate the students. They are the

most influential with regards to the students’ academic performance.

Teachers are the ones to convert policies to action. Teaching as well as

learning, are both depending on the teachers. It is in need for the teacher to

be effective, productive and potent as possible to reach the goal of achieving

the students’ learning and development.

As stated by Wiley (2009) also added, “Learner-centered approach is

an example to educational approach that also leads to a favorable and

desirable student outcomes. This will boost and augment their academic

motivation conducive for learning and enable the students to have

satisfactory results. This will be a good way through aiming greater

academic achievement. Learner-centered program is different from an

instructor-centered programs in some concrete and particular ways.”

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 While Agno (2009) argues that teacher/instructor–centered learning

creates a learning environment of the teachers’ action towards students’

development. Teachers can help the students in a way that they will provide

good social interaction, self-motivation and positive engagement in class.

Other than that, in this way, teachers establish and maintain the classroom

setting so that educational aims can be reached.

Foreign

According to Sigurgeirsson (2013), different teaching method have

different goals and distinct characteristics, depending on the person applying

it. The proper choice and usage of words when you are having a discussion,

giving a simple smile at a certain moment, can have an influence on the

student in achieving the learning target. The teachers’ behavior toward

students plus using the proper and right choice of teaching technique can be

a perfect combination that will lead to a desirable results and great learning

outcomes.

Teacher should teach and lessons in a way that will catch the

attention and interest of the students. This will make them want to learn

more and be involved. Asking open questions to help motivate the children

to find answer. This is to knock up the students’ interest and have them

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easier to cope up and learn (Pálsdóttir & Inga Lovísa Andreassen, 2014, p.

92).

According to Marais and Meier (2010), outside factors and school-

related factors can also be of a great influence in changing the behavior of

students. These can happen within the immediate surrounding and are

related to the external group. These factors include the involvement of the

school, the family, peer pressure, media and the community. Thus, these

factors in which other people from social organization affect and can cause

changes in the students in their daily life.

The school is an organization or an institution where

teachers/educators teaches the students for their learning development. This

is a natural environment for students where they spend their time not only

for studying but also interacting and socializing with others. Even so, school

can also be one of the reasons why student behavior towards learning is

influenced. It’s distinct characteristics or traits can have a strong effect on

how the students will behave or react with others (Panchoo, 2016).

According to Adegboyeg (2017), parental affection is also one factor

that can affect the students’ behavior. This was explained on the attachment

theory. Negative or unfavorable behavior will be acquired by a certain

student if he or she has developed a negative behavior towards his or her

parents. Same thing happens when an educator and a child are not in good

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terms. Students have this “storm and stress period” within a set of

categories. These are the risk behavior, mood swings or disruptions a

parental conflict.

Related Studies

Local

According to Salvador et al., (2013), the behavior of a student in his

learning is the key for his future. There are factors to consider when it

comes to the learning behavior of a student. These factors are the

judgement, peer, and the classroom environment.

There are three methods in teaching namely: teacher-centered,

student-centered and focus-centered method. Among the three methods

students usually likes content-focused strategy. There is a program designed

for students to cope up with the teaching strategies for more effective

learning (Abanador et al, 2014, p.1).

Foreign

Active learning focuses on the active participation of the students on

the process of their learning by involving themselves to different activities.

According to Behnsen (2018), the learning process of students on their

experiences is very important.

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 In a study conducted by Koksal et al., (2013) in active learning, the

students are active in their learning process and their instructors serves as a

guide only. Therefore, students are self-instructor and instructors teaches

learning.

According to Donohue et al., (2009), active learning is classified as

profession of teaching that shows what are the methods that will be used on

how to make students excel on their class. It will become productive if the

students have an interests and attention during class discussion. It

encourages the students to do their best and because of active learning,

students become better in terms of their performances and their behaviors.

According to Demirci (2017), the active involvement of students to

their learning process is called “active learning”. It allows the students to

gain their knowledge by being involved in a skill-related activities such as

problem solving and analytical thinking. This kind of learning strategy helps

in developing student's thinking.

In a study conducted by Mello et al., (2013), active learning is defined

as "increased student involvement". In active learning, the knowledge that

students may gain are statically significant.

According to Mohamad et al., (2017) in active learning, students gain

more knowledge and learn more when it's compared to the traditional way of

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teaching. Students also enjoy the way of teaching in active learning rather

than the traditional way of teaching.

Active learning teaching style can improve the academic performance

of students more than the common teaching style. Although the

effectiveness of active learning strategy was proved, there are some

teachers who still prefer the common teaching method because for them, it

will just cause discomfort and will create lack of confidence (Soltanzadeh et

al, 2013, p.138).

In active learning, the learners are expected to be involved actively in

class discussion. Students are also expected to teach their classmates and to

spend their time in critical thinking (Nottingham, 2010, p.34).