Example 1: scanf() to read a string
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char name[20];
printf("Enter name: ");
scanf("%s", name);
printf("Your name is %s.", name);
return 0;
}
How to read a line of text?
You can use the fgets() function to read a line of string. And, you can
use puts() to display the string.
Example 2: fgets() and puts()
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char name[30];
printf("Enter name: ");
fgets(name, sizeof(name), stdin); // read string
printf("Name: ");
puts(name); // display string
return 0;
}
Passing Strings to Functions
Strings can be passed to a function in a similar way as arrays.
Example 3: Passing string to a Function
#include <stdio.h>
void displayString(char str[]);
int main()
{
char str[50];
printf("Enter string: ");
fgets(str, sizeof(str), stdin);
displayString(str); // Passing string to a function.
return 0;
}
void displayString(char str[])
{
printf("String Output: ");
puts(str);
}
C String Length: strlen() function
The strlen() function returns the length of the given string. It doesn't count null character '\0'.
#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
char ch[20]={'j', 'a', 'v', 'a', 't', 'p', 'o', 'i', 'n', 't', '\0'};
printf("Length of string is: %d",strlen(ch));
return 0;
}
C Copy String: strcpy()
The strcpy(destination, source) function copies the source string in destination.
#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
char ch[20]={'j', 'a', 'v', 'a', 't', 'p', 'o', 'i', 'n', 't', '\0'};
char ch2[20];
strcpy(ch2,ch);
printf("Value of second string is: %s",ch2);
return 0;
C example to calculate string length using User
Defined function
#include <stdio.h>
/*function to return length of the string*/
int stringLength(char*);
int main()
{
char str[100]={0};
int length;
printf("Enter any string: ");
scanf("%s",str);
/*call the function*/
length=stringLength(str);
printf("String length is : %d\n",length);
return 0;
}
/*function definition...*/
int stringLength(char* txt)
{
int i=0,count=0;
while(txt[i++]!='\0'){
count+=1;
}
return count;
}
program to copy one string to another using user
defined functions
#include <stdio.h>
/********************************************************
* function name :stringCpy
* Parameter :s1,s2 : string
* Description : copies string s2 into s1
********************************************************/
void stringCpy(char* s1,char* s2);
int main()
{
char str1[100],str2[100];
printf("Enter string 1: ");
scanf("%s",str1);//read string with spaces
stringCpy(str2,str1);
printf("String 1: %s \nString 2: %s\n",str1,str2);
return 0;
}
/******** function definition *******/
void stringCpy(char* s1,char* s2)
{
int i=0;
while(s2[i]!='\0')
{
s1[i]=s2[i];
i++;
}
s1[i]='\0'; /*string terminates by NULL*/
}
Program to convert string into lowercase and
uppercase without using library function in C
#include <stdio.h>
/********************************************************
* function name :stringLwr, stringUpr
* Parameter :character pointer s
* Description
stringLwr - converts string into lower case
stringUpr - converts string into upper case
********************************************************/
void stringLwr(char *s);
void stringUpr(char *s);
int main()
char str[100];
printf("Enter any string : ");
scanf("%s",str);//read string with spaces
stringLwr(str);
printf("String after stringLwr : %s\n",str);
stringUpr(str);
printf("String after stringUpr : %s\n",str);
return 0;
/******** function definition *******/
void stringLwr(char *s)
int i=0;
while(s[i]!='\0')
if(s[i]>='A' && s[i]<='Z')
s[i]=s[i]+32;
++i;
void stringUpr(char *s)
int i=0;
while(s[i]!='\0')
if(s[i]>='a' && s[i]<='z'){
s[i]=s[i]-32;
++i;
