Prof. Dr. M.
Mutafyan 8-Mar-24
PMAL205: Project Teams & Leadership
Lecture 08. Ethical Project Leadership
Prof. Dr. M.Mutafyan
W2024
Agenda
1. Today’s class Scope
2. Business Ethics and Ethical issues
3. Ethics vs Legal
4. Ethical Leadership and Communication
5. Some examples from IT field and moral choice
6. Professional Codes of Ethics (PMI, ACM)
7. In-class activity. Group works in ethical analysis
8. Questions
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Prof. Dr. M.Mutafyan 8-Mar-24
Today’s
class
Today’s
class
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UNIT8
Situation 1
Situation 2
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Situation 3
Let’s start
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What does ‘Business Ethics’ mean?
Making ethical decisions
1. Is my decision a truthful one?
2. Is the decision fair to everyone affected?
3. Does it build goodwill for the organisation?
4. Is it beneficial to all parties who have a
vested interest?
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Concept approaches to Business Ethics
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Ethics vs Legal
The differences between them
are these:
Legal standards are based on
written law
Ethical standards are based on
human rights and wrongs.
Legal standards are written by
government officials
Ethical standards are written
by societal norms.
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Ethics and Leadership
In today’s competitive business environment, project
managers and leaders need to ensure that ethical standards
are observed in all parts of the PMO.
Ethical Dilemmas—situations where it is difficult to determine
whether conduct is right or wrong
Making ethical decisions is not easy, because not every
ethical dilemma has a right solution (!)
Ethics and leadership, together, can add a moral dimension
to the decision-making process for the success of any project.
The unit's activities will help learners to recognize the social
and ethical responsibilities and consider the ethical
dimensions to define strategies that will lead to project
success.
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The role of Leadership
“We must be the
change we wish to
see in the world.”
Mahatma Ghandi
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Prof. Dr. M.Mutafyan 8-Mar-24
Why this important?
New technologies cause new challenges and risks !
In global economy, where there is a desire to win through
achievement and success, ethical lapses are everywhere.
The role of ethics in the conduct of business and politics is
receiving increased attention.
Today, most large corporations have a code of ethics and
conduct and incorporate ethics into their training and
employee orientation.
Project managers must have an uncompromising attitude on
issues relating to ethics.
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Important human factor: Dunning-Kluger Effect
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Prof. Dr. M.Mutafyan 8-Mar-24
Why practice Ethical Leadership?
Ethical leadership models ethical behavior to the
organization and the community
Ethical leadership builds trust
Ethical leadership brings credibility and respect, both for
you and for the organization
Ethical leadership can lead to collaboration
Ethical leadership creates a good climate within the
organization
Ethical thought must be connected to action
Ethical leadership affords self-respect
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The Effects of Enron Fraud
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uxd9AeXft64
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Prof. Dr. M.Mutafyan 8-Mar-24
Ethical Issues
Ethical issues deal with what is generally considered right or
wrong
IS professionals are often faced with their own unique set of
ethical challenges
Many professional organizations have developed their code of
ethics to guide people working in IT
Ethical behavior conforms to generally accepted social norms
Morals are one’s personal beliefs about right and wrong
Law is a system of rules that tells what we can and cannot do
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Example. Computer Incidents
Increasing complexity increases vulnerability
– Cloud computing, networks, computers, mobile devices,
virtualization, OS applications, Web sites, switches, routers, and
gateways are interconnected and driven by millions of lines of code
Introducing new risks
– It is difficult for IT organizations to keep up with the pace of
technological change, successfully perform an ongoing assessment
of new security risks, and implement approaches for dealing with
them. Example: Cybercrime up 600% due to COVID-19 Pandemic
Increased prevalence of bring your own device policies
– Bring your own device (BYOD): a business policy that permits
employees to use their own mobile devices to access company
computing resources
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Example. Hackers – people with their own
code and social rules
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What you may possible meet?
Hardware examples
Jammer is a device that stops a
signal from reaching someone
or something: radar/cell phone
jammers
USB Killer works by delivering
220 volts to an interface that is
designed for 5 volts. The
overpowered-surge can
damage or destroy not only
ports, but also attached
hardware.
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What do you think about this?
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Ethical Leadership and Communication
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHzL4PJIKLw
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PMI.org
Access the Project Management Institute website
Review the standards contained in PMI Member Ethical
Standards section.
Three files are posted for your review on Moodle and MS
Team
Study them attentively since you will need them in your
preparation to PMP certification
Students are usually be divided in their response to the PMI
Code of Ethics. Some will see it as simply window dressing
while others will consider it a set of principles to live by.
Examples: Projects that impacted on the environment and
projects that created serious health threats, infections, etc.
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Example. ACM Code of Ethics and
Professional Conduct
Computing professionals' actions change the world.
To act responsibly, they should reflect upon the wider impacts
of their work, consistently supporting the public good.
The ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct ("the
Code") expresses the conscience of the profession.
The Code is designed to inspire and guide the ethical conduct
of all computing professionals, including current and aspiring
practitioners, instructors, students, influencers, and anyone
who uses computing technology in an impactful way.
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1. GENERAL ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
2. PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
3. PROFESSIONAL LEADERSHIP
PRINCIPLES
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ACM Code of Ethics (1/3)
1. GENERAL ETHICAL PRINCIPLES.
A computing professional should...
1.1 Contribute to society and to human well-being, acknowledging that all
people are stakeholders in computing.
1.2 Avoid harm.
1.3 Be honest and trustworthy.
1.4 Be fair and take action not to discriminate.
1.5 Respect the work required to produce new ideas, inventions, creative
works, and computing artifacts.
1.6 Respect privacy.
1.7 Honor confidentiality.
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Prof. Dr. M.Mutafyan 8-Mar-24
ACM Code of Ethics (2/3)
2. PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES.
A computing professional should...
2.1 Strive to achieve high quality in both the processes & products of professional
work.
2.2 Maintain high standards of professional competence, conduct, & ethical
practice.
2.3 Know and respect existing rules pertaining to professional work.
2.4 Accept and provide appropriate professional review.
2.5 Give comprehensive and thorough evaluations of computer systems and their
impacts, including analysis of possible risks.
2.6 Perform work only in areas of competence.
2.7 Foster public awareness and understanding of computing, related technologies,
and their consequences.
2.8 Access computing and communication resources only when authorized or when
compelled by the public good.
2.9 Design and implement systems that are robustly and usably secure.
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ACM Code of Ethics (3/3)
3. PROFESSIONAL LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLES.
A computing professional, especially one acting as a leader, should...
3.1 Ensure that the public good is the central concern during all professional
computing work.
3.2 Articulate, encourage acceptance of, and evaluate fulfillment of social
responsibilities by members of the organization or group.
3.3 Manage personnel and resources to enhance the quality of working life.
3.4 Articulate, apply, & support policies and processes that reflect the principles of
the Code.
3.5 Create opportunities for members of the organization or group to grow as
professionals.
3.6 Use care when modifying or retiring systems.
3.7 Recognize and take special care of systems that become integrated into the
infrastructure of society.
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Very important ideas
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To think
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Questions?
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In-class. Ethical Leadership Debate
Situation 1 Situation 2 Situation 3
Group Group Group Group Group Group
1 2 4 5 7 8
Group Group Group
3 6 9
To Professor’s
Subject: Ethics /Group# /PPT
Volume: 3 slides (!)
Deadline: Tonight before 11 pm
X proponent opponent Z compromise
Y
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