Singapore and Asian

Schools Math Olympiad

(SASMO)

2016

Secondary 1

Authors: Merlan Nagidulin

Henry Ong
Rosa Anajao
Pang Zheng Rui

Consultant: Dr Joseph Yeo (NIE)

© Singapore International Math Contests Centre

All Rights Reserved

No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and recording, or by any information or retrieval system, without the prior permission of the publisher.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Message from Executive Director ..................................................................... 1

Competition Format and Prizes ........................................................................ 2

Introduction ...................................................................................................... 4

Problem Solving Procedure ................................................................................................................... 6

Problem Solving Strategies ................................................................................................................... 8

SASMO 2016 Secondary 1 Contest ................................................................. 10

Solutions to SASMO 2016 Secondary 1 .......................................................... 27

 Message from Executive Director

Dear students, parents and teachers,

I am gratified to see more of our students gain direct admission into top schools by
August this year and their joy and reduced stress certainly made their preparation for
DSA worthwhile. Now is also the time to start your children/students as they prepare for
DSA, not only for Secondary 1, but also for Secondary 3 as well as Junior College or
polytechnic. In addition, we are continuously improving SASMO.
1. SASMO 2017 Results will be out on May 1-3 on SASMO Website.
2. On July 15, 2017, we will run our Singapore International Math Olympiad Challenge
(SIMOC) which will include a Math Olympiad contest, mathematics games and Mind
Sports Challenge run on individual and team basis. This will bring out the best of
Singapore Mathematics with manipulatives and games used in Singapore schools.
Entry into SIMOC is by invitation only.
3. We invite teachers from Singapore and the region to join us, as we conduct research
into our own brand of Singapore Mathematics Olympiad and inspiring students to
accelerate learning with manipulatives.
4. We will be offering more analytics for students to review their performance with
reports.

I am glad that SASMO is making a difference for students in Singapore and elsewhere
around the world as we expand to more countries. We have been invited by World
Mathematics Team Championships and BEBRAS to run more international Math and
Computational thinking competitions. We look forward to working with your children and
students as they start to realize and achieve their potential.

Thank you.
Yours Sincerely,

Henry Ong
Executive Director

1
 Competition Format and Prizes

SASMO is devoted and dedicated to bringing a love for Mathematics to students. Unlike
most Math Olympiad Competitions, SASMO caters not only to students in the top 5% but
to the top 40% instead. It aims to arouse students’ interest and enthusiasm for
mathematical problem solving, develop mathematical intuition, reasoning and logical
thinking, as well as creative and critical thinking. In addition, this can help improve the
students’ math grades because they can apply problem-solving strategies learnt during
the training to their daily school mathematics.

History:
Created in 2006, SASMO is one of the largest Math Olympiads in the Asian region. We
have expanded the competition to provide an International platform for students from
Primary 2 to Secondary 4, with differentiated contest papers for every level.
SASMO awards medals and certificates to the top 40% of participants.

Contest:
School Candidates
The Contest will be held in your school and no travelling is required.
Individual candidates
The Contest will be held in a school.

Format:
Secondary 1:
Section A – 15 Multiple Choice Questions
(2 points for correct answer, 0 points for unanswered question, penalty point (deduct 1
point) for wrong answer)
Section B – 10 Open-ended Questions
(4 points for correct answer, No penalty point for wrong answer)
Total 85 points. To avoid negative scores, each student begins with 15 points

2
Calculators are not permitted
When a problem introduces a more advanced concept, all necessary definitions are
included.

Awards:
Each participant receives a Certificate of Participation or an award certificate for winners
below.
Each of the top 8%, 12% and 20% of all participants receives a Gold, Silver or Bronze
medal and certificate respectively.
Each student who achieves a Perfect Score of 85 points receives a Perfect Score
certificate, Gold medal and $100.

3
 Introduction
For Students Taking the Math Olympiad Challenge

Congratulations. You have embarked on a journey of scholarship. Competitions like

SASMO open many doors for you. Firstly, you learn new and interesting approaches to
problem-solving and also new topics. Next, you will meet talented students from other
schools as you attend training and competitions. You build your endurance to “puzzle”
out challenging problems and build your reputation as a problem solver. Finally, you
will be exposed to various international competitions and scholarship opportunities.
Here in Singapore, you increase your chances of getting into a top school via Direct
School Admissions (DSA) and entry into the Gifted Education Programme as you
compete regularly in high level competitions.

This book is written for the participants in the Singapore and Asian Schools Math
Olympiads (SASMO). It helps students to prepare well for the contest and also develop
higher-order thinking. All problems are designed to help students develop the ability to
think mathematically, rather than to teach more advanced or unusual topics. The fun is
in how you can see patterns and ways of solving each problem in non-technical ways
even though you have not learnt the topic yet!

In addition to the contest problems, the reader is provided with a list of familiar
mathematical terms, as well as a review of some of the topics that are likely to be
tested in the Olympiad. The book also contains some solved examples to provide
different problem-solving techniques, and to familiarize the participant with different
types of Olympiad questions. It is advised that the reader spends appropriate time
studying these questions and solutions, as they will assist in tackling actual Olympiad
problems.

4
How to Use This Book: Practice daily for 15 minutes per hour rather 4 hours of learning
once a month. Your mind needs to absorb each new thought, and constant practice
allows frequent review of previously learned concepts and skills. Together, you can
remember many new problem solving approaches. Try to spend 10 or 15 minutes daily
doing two or three problems. This approach should help you minimize the time needed
to develop the ability to think mathematically.

Whether you solve a problem quickly or you are confused, it is worth studying the
solutions in this book, because often they offer unexpected insights that can help you
understand the problem more fully. After you have invested time – trying to solve each
problem any way you can, reviewing our solutions is very effective. Many of the
problems in this book can be solved in more than one way. There is always a single
answer, but there can be many paths to that answer. Once you solve a problem, go
back and see if you can solve it by another method. Then check our solutions to see if
any of them differ from yours.

Enjoy working on these challenges and you will soon be in a different league from your
peers who have not taken any international competition. We look forward to inviting
you if you are a bronze, silver, gold or perfect score medallist for further training as well
as to compete in Singapore International Math Olympiad Challenge (SIMOC) to be held
in July 2017.

5
 Problem Solving Procedure

You may go through several phases when solving a problem such as trying to
understand the problem, working on a specific approach (planning and attempting),
getting stuck and trying to get unstuck, critically examining solutions or communicating.
The work may involve going back and forth between these different phases of problem
solving.

In solving any problem, it helps to have a working procedure. You might want to
consider this four-step procedure: Understand, Plan, Try It, and Look Back.

Understand
Before you can solve a problem, you must first understand it. Read and re-read the
problem carefully to find all the clues and determine what the question is asking you to
find.
What is the unknown?
What is the data?
What is the condition?

Plan
Once you understand the question and the clues, it's time to use your previous
experience with similar problems to look for strategies and tools to answer the
question.
Do you know a related problem?
Look at the unknown! And try to think of a familiar problem having the same or a
similar unknown?

Try It
After deciding on a plan, you should try it and see what answer you come up with.
Can you see clearly that the steps are correct?
But can you also prove that the steps are correct?

6
Are you feeling stuck?
Many different approaches can be tried to get unstuck. One approach is to try working
a simpler version of the problem, and use the solution to the problem to get insights
that are useful in solving the original problem. In the next chapter, we show some
common solving approaches.

If you are discouraged after a few failed attempts, read this quote from the famous
scientist, Thomas Edison. An assistant asked, "Why are you wasting your time and
money? We have had failure after failure, almost a thousand of them. Why do you
continue to pursue this impossible task?" Edison said, "We haven't had a thousand
failures, we've just discovered a thousand ways to not invent the electric bulb."

Look Back
Once you've tried it and found an answer, go back to the problem and see if you've
really answered the question. Sometimes it's easy to overlook something. If you missed
something check your plan and try the problem again.
Can you check the result?
Can you check the argument?
Can you derive the result differently?
Can you see it at a glance?

7
 Problem Solving Strategies

1. Change the representation

Using a wrong representation may make a problem impossible to solve.

Strategies of changing representation include drawing a picture and acting it out.

DRAW A PICTURE: By drawing a picture, and visualizing the problem information

using it, you will have a clearer understanding of the problem and it will help you to
come up an approach to solve the problem that you might not be able to see otherwise.

ACT IT OUT: We are better at thinking in terms of concrete objects and situations than
in terms of abstract concepts. If we can act out the situation described in a word
problem, we are able to understand the problem better and we may be able to come up
with a problem solution. To do this, we need to use real materials that are easily
available to us. Examples can be pencils, coins and other objects we have in the
classroom.

2. Make an Organized List or a Table

ORGANIZED LIST: Making an organized list allows you to clearly examine data. It can
help you in ensuring that you are looking at all the relevant information. It will also
allow you to see patterns in the data easily and to come to correct conclusions.

MAKE A TABLE: Making a table allows you to clearly examine data. It can help you in
ensuring that you are looking at all the relevant information. It will also allow you to
see patterns in the data easily and to come to correct conclusions.

8
3. Create a Simpler Problem

Sometimes we are not able to solve the problem as it is stated, but we are able to solve
a similar problem that is similar in some way. For example, the simpler problem may
use simpler numbers. Once we solve one or more simpler problems, we may
understand the approach that can be used to solve the problems of similar type and
may be able to solve the problem that has been given to us.

4. Use Logical Reasoning

Logical reasoning is useful in mathematics problems in various ways. It can be used to

eliminate incorrect choices. It can also sometimes be used to conclude the answer
directly.

5. Guess and Check

"Guess and Check" strategy can be used on many problems. If the number of possible
answers is small, one can use this strategy to come up with the answer very quickly. In
some other cases where the number of possible answers is not small, one may still be
able to make intelligent guesses and come up with the answer.

6. Working Backwards

Sometimes, it is easier to start with information at the end of the problem and work
backwards to the beginning of the problem than the other way around.

9
 Division
Singapore and Asian
S1 Schools Math Olympiad
2016

Full Name:

Index Number:

Class:
School:
SASMO 2016 Secondary 1 Contest

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Please DO NOT OPEN the contest booklet until the Proctor has given permission to
start.

2. TIME: 1 hour 30 minutes.

3. Attempt all 25 questions.

Questions 1 to 15 score 2 points each, no points are deducted for unanswered
question and 1 point is deducted for wrong answer.
Questions 16 to 25 score 4 points each. No points are deducted for unanswered or
wrong answers.

4. Shade your answers neatly using a pencil in the answer sheet.

5. PROCTORING: No one may help any student in any way during the contest.

6. No electronic devices capable of storing and displaying visual information is

allowed during the course of the exam.

7. Strictly No Calculators are allowed into the exam.

8. All students must fill and shade in their Name, Index number, Class and School in
the answer sheet and contest booklet.

9. MINIMUM TIME: Students must stay in the exam hall at least 1h 15 min.

10. Students must show detailed working and transfer answers to the answer sheet.

11. No exam papers and written notes can be taken out by any contestant.

10
SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest
SASMO 2016 Secondary 1 [15 MCQ + 10 non-MCQ = 25 Q]

Section A (Correct answer – 2 points| No answer – 0 points| Incorrect answer – minus 1 point)

1. Find the following sum

9×1 + 99×2 + 999×3 + 9999×4

A. 11010
B. 10110
C. 11001
D. 10011
E. None of the above

2. Anthony is the grandfather of twins. The product of the ages of 3 of them is 2016.
How old is Anthony? (Anthony is younger than 100 years old).

A. 14
B. 42
C. 56
D. 63
E. None of the above

11
SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

3. Which of the following numbers is always an odd number for any whole number 𝐴?

A. 13𝐴
B. 13 + 13𝐴
C. 13 + 𝐴13
D. 13 + 2𝐴
E. 13 + 23𝐴

4. There are 127 university students. 40 of them take Spanish language class, 30 of them
take French language class, and 17 of them take both Spanish and French. How many
students are in neither class?

A. 40
B. 47
C. 53
D. 74
E. 127

12
 SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

5. What is the least number of people who must be in the room so that there are
definitely 3 people who were born in the same month?

A. 3
B. 12
C. 24
D. 25
E. 36

6. A square could possibly intersect a triangle at the following number of points:

I. 3 points
II. 4 points
III. 5 points
Which of the following statements above are true?

A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. II and III
E. I, II and III

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SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

7. The year 2016 is an interesting number because it is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 and

9. When is the next year that has the same properties as above?

A. 72 576
B. 4032
C. 3024
D. 2520
E. None of the above

8. How many factors of 5400 are perfect squares?

A. 3
B. 5
C. 7
D. 8
E. 9

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SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

9. Find the missing number 𝐴 in the pattern below

2 ⨁ 5 = 12

3 ⨁ 9 = 33

4 ⨁ 3 = 24

5 ⨁ 9 = 65

6 ⨁ 𝐴 = 96

A. 5
B. 7
C. 9
D. 11
E. None of the above

15
SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

10. How would the pattern appear when the transparent sheet is folded along the
dotted line?

a. b.

c. d.

e. None of the above

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SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

11. There are 11 regions in the diagram on the right. Each

region is to be painted with one colour. What is the least
number of colours needed to paint all the regions so that any
two adjacent regions do not share the same colour?

A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. None of the above

17
SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

12. 𝐴𝐵, 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐶 are the diameters of three circles shown on the diagram. Given that
𝐴𝐵 ∶ 𝐵𝐶 = 3 ∶ 2, what percentage of the largest circle is unshaded?

A. 50%
B. 52%
C. 48%
D. 49%
E. None of the above

18
SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

13. What is the largest number of statements below that can be true at the same time?

 Antony is a lawyer.
 Antony is an unlucky man.
 Antony is a lucky man, but he is not a lawyer.
 If Antony is a lawyer, then he is not a lucky man.
 If Antony is a lawyer, then he is a lucky man.

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. None of the above

14. Four circles are drawn on a flat surface. What is the greatest number of regions
that can be formed on the surface?

A. 12
B. 13
C. 14
D. 15
E. None of the above

19
SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

15. How many triangles are there in the diagram below?

A. 16
B. 24
C. 26
D. 30
E. None of the above

20
SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest
Section B (Correct answer – 4 points| Incorrect or No answer – 0 points)

16. The bar chart below shows the number of cars sold in Town A in the first half of
year 2015. For example, 4700 cars were sold in January while X thousand cars were
sold in February. The number of cars sold in June is double the number of cars sold in
February. The average number of cars sold in each month is 5400. What is the
percentage increase in the number of cars from May to June?

(Round off your answer to the nearest whole number. For example, if your answer is
9.56%, then write your answer as 10%)

6.9

5.6
Number
4.7
of cars
X
(in Thousands) 3.35

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Month

21
SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

17. A prime number 𝑝 is a Sophie Germain Prime if both 𝑝 and 2×𝑝 + 1 are prime
numbers. Number 5 is a Sophie Germain Prime since both 5 and 11 (= 2×5 + 1) are
prime numbers. How many Sophie Germain Primes less than 60 are there?

18. Find the largest 7-digit number which contains all digits from 1 through 7 such that
the difference of any two of its consecutive digits is a prime number.

22
SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

19. In the diagram below, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a square, ∠𝐶𝐷𝐸 = 72° and ∠𝐶𝐸𝐷 = 54°. Find the
angle ∠𝐸𝐴𝐷. B C

E 54°

72°

A D

20. The number below is made up of all the digits of the whole numbers from 1 to 2016

1234567891011121314 … 201420152016

Find the number of 7’s in this number.

23
SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

21. Find the sum of the digits of the product

111 … 11 ×2016
⏟
2016 1′ 𝑠

22. In how many different ways can the letters of the word SASMO be arranged so
that two S’s are next to each other?

24
SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

23. Find the last digit of

12016 + 22016 + 32016 + ⋯ + 20152016 + 20162016

24. In the following cryptarithm, all the different letters stand for different digits. Find
the 5-digit number MATHS.

S A S M O

× 3

M A T H S

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SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

25. The distance between Tom’s house and Ben’s house is 36 km. At 11 am, Tom and
Ben started travelling towards each other. Tom jogged at a speed of 0.5 m/s (metres
per second) for 4 minutes after every 10 minutes of running at 5 m/s. Ben took 3
minutes rest after every 15 minutes of cycling at 5 m/s. What time did they meet each
other?

End of Paper

26
SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest
Solutions to SASMO 2016 Secondary 1
Section A (Correct answer – 2 points| No answer – 0 points| Incorrect answer – minus 1 point)
Question 1
9×1 + 99×2 + 999×3 + 9999×4
= (10 − 1)×1 + (100 − 1)×2 + (1000 − 1)×3 + (10000 − 1)×4
= 10×1 − 1×1 + 100×2 − 1×2 + 1000×3 − 1×3 + 10000×4 − 1×4
= 10 − 1 + 200 − 2 + 3000 − 3 + 40000 − 4
= 10 + 200 + 3000 + 40000 − 1 − 2 − 3 − 4
= 𝟒𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎

Question 2
Prime factorization: 2016 = 25 ×32 ×7.

Below are the possible combinations:

Anthony Twins
23 ×7 = 56 2×3 = 6
2×7 = 14 22 ×3 = 12

Since Anthony cannot be 14 years old (not logical), Anthony must be 56 years old.

Question 3
Option A: 13𝐴 can be even if A is an even number.
Option B: 13 + 13𝐴 = 13×(1 + 𝐴) can be even if A is an odd number.
Option C: 13 + 𝐴13 can be even if A is an odd number.
Option D: Since 2𝐴 is always an even number, then 13 + 2𝐴 is always an odd number
(odd + even=odd).
Option E: 23𝐴 is odd if 𝐴 is an odd number, otherwise it’s even. So, 13 + 23𝐴 is an
even number if 𝐴 is odd (odd+odd=even). Hence, 13 + 23𝐴 is not always an odd
number.

27
SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

Question 4
Fill up the Venn Diagram as follow:

Spanish French

40 - 17 17 30 - 17
= 23 = 13

127 - 23 - 17 - 13
= 74

There are 74 students in neither class.

Question 5
Consider the worst case scenario: 2 people were born in each month. There are in total
24 people in the room.

Thus, with 25 people in the room, there will be definitely 3 people who were born in
the same month.

Question 6
Option I is possible, as shown in the figure 1.
Option II is possible, as shown in the figure 2.
Option III is possible, as shown in the figure 3.
figure 1 figure 2 figure 3

Question 7
The lowest common multiple of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9 is 504. The multiples of 504 are
504, 1008, 1512, 2016, 2520…. The next year with same properties will be 2520.

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SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

Question 8
Prime factorization: 5400 = 23 ×33 ×52 .

The perfect squares factors of 5400 are 1 (12 ), 4 (22 ), 9 (32 ), 25 (52 ), 36 (22 ×32 ), 100
(22 ×52 ), 225 (32 ×52 ), 900 (22 ×32 ×52 ). There are 8 of them in total.

Question 9
The pattern is as follow:

2×(2 + 5 − 1) = 2×6 = 12,

3×(3 + 9 − 1) = 3×11 = 33,

6×(6 + 𝐴 − 1) = 4×6 = 24,

5×(5 + 9 − 1) = 5×13 = 65.

⟹ 6×(6 + 𝐴 − 1) = 96 ⟹ 𝑨 = 𝟏𝟏.

Question 10
Answer: C

Question 11
1
It possible to paint all the regions with four colours as shown at the 4 3 2

right diagram (each number represents a different colour). 2 1

4
3
1
4
If only 3 colors are used, then there will be certain region (‘?’) that will 2

have the same colour as one of its adjacent regions. Hence, the
diagram cannot be filled with 3 and less number of colours. 2
1
1
3
2
?

29
SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

Question 12
Let 𝐴𝐵 = 3𝑎 and 𝐵𝐶 = 2𝑎. It follows that the radius of circle 𝐴𝐵 is 1.5𝑎, radius of circle
BC is 1𝑎 and radius of circle AC is 2.5𝑎.
Area of circle AC = 𝜋×(2.5𝑎)2 = 𝜋×6.25𝑎2
Area of circle AB = 𝜋×(1.5𝑎)2 = 𝜋×2.25𝑎2
Area of circle BC = 𝜋×(𝑎)2 = 𝜋×𝑎2

Area of unshaded region

= Area of circle AB + Area of circle BC
= 𝜋×2.25𝑎2 + 𝜋×𝑎2
= 𝜋×3.25𝑎2
𝜋×3.25
Percentage of the largest circle that is unshaded = 𝜋×6.25 ×100% = 𝟓𝟐%

Question 13
Maximum 2 statements from the first 3 statements can true at the same time.

Only 1 statement from the last 2 statements can be true at the same time.

Therefore, the largest number of statement that can be true at the same time is 3.

First, second and fourth statements can be true at the same time.

Question 14
The greatest number of regions occurs when
each circle interest every other circle at 2 1

points.
2
3 7
As shown at the right, the greatest number of 4 6
regions that can be on the surface is 14 (the 5

outside region is counted as 1 region). 9 12

8 10 13
11

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SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

Question 15

Type of
1-part 2-part 4-part Total
triangle
number
of
Diagram
triangles

Number of
16 10 4 30
triangles

Section B (Correct answer – 4 points| Incorrect or No answer – 0 points)

Question 16
Given that 𝑌 = 2𝑋. The total number of cars sold = 4.7 + 𝑋 + 3.35 + 5.6 + 6.9 + 2𝑋 =
20.55 + 3𝑋

Given that the average number of cars sold is 5.4.

The total number of cars sold = 5.4×6 = 32.4

32.4−20.55
Thus, 20.55 + 3𝑋 = 32.4 ⟺ 𝑋 = = 3.95.
3

The percentage increase in the number of cars from May to June is

2×3.95 − 6.9
×100% ≈ 𝟏𝟒%.
6.9

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SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

Question 17

𝑝 2×𝑝 + 1 𝑝 is a Sophie Germain Prime

2 5 Yes
3 7 Yes
5 11 Yes
7 15 No
11 23 Yes
13 27 No
17 35 No
19 39 No
23 47 Yes
29 59 Yes
31 63 No
37 75 No
41 83 Yes
43 87 No
47 95 No
53 107 Yes
59 119 No

There are 8 Sophie Germain Primes less than 60.

Question 18
In order to create the largest number, the first digit of the number must be 7. Following
−2 −2 +3 −2 −2 ??
the steps to maximize the number, 7 → 5 → 3 → 6 → 4 → 2 → 1. The last two numbers
are 2 and 1, but their difference is 1, which is not a prime number.

−2 −2 +3 −5 +3 −2
So, we modify the last three digits as follows, 7 → 5 → 3 → 6 → 1 → 4 → 2. The largest
desired 7-digit number is 7536142.

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SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

Question 19
∠𝐷𝐶𝐸 + 54° + 72° = 180°
∠𝐷𝐶𝐸 = 180° − 54° − 72° = 54° B C

Since ∠𝐷𝐶𝐸 = ∠𝐷𝐸𝐶, ∆𝐶𝐷𝐸 is an isosceles triangle where

DE = CE.
E 54°

Given that ABCD is a square, AD = CD. So, ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 is also an

72°
isosceles triangle since AD = DE. A D

∠𝐴𝐷𝐸 + 72° = 90° (Right angle)

∠𝐴𝐷𝐸 = 90° − 72° = 18°

∠𝐸𝐴𝐷 + ∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 + 18° = 180° (Sum of interior angles of a triangle)

2×∠𝐸𝐴𝐷 + 18° = 180° (Isosceles triangle)
180°−18°
∠𝑬𝑨𝑫 = = 𝟖𝟏°
2

Question 20
The number of 7’s in ONES place:

7, 17, 27, 37, …, 2007 (201 numbers)

The number of 7’s in TENS place:

70, 71, 72, …, 79 (10 numbers)

170, 171, 172, …, 179 …
… …
1970, 1971, 1972, …, 1979 (10 numbers)
The number of 7’s in HUNDREDS place:

700, 701, 702, …, 799 (100 numbers)

1700, 1701, 1702, …, 1799 (100 numbers)

Total number of ‘7’s = 201 + 10×20 + 100×2 = 𝟔𝟎𝟏.

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SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

Question 21
Method 1:

By performing standard multiplication ⏟

111 … 11 ×2016
2016 1′ 𝑠

1 … 1 1 1 1 1
×
2 0 1 6

6 … 6 6 6 6 6 6

+ 1 … 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 … 2 2 2

2 2 3 9 … 9 9 9 7 7 6

the product is 223 ⏟

99 … 99 776
2013 𝟗𝑠

Adding the digits, we get the following:

2 + 2 + 3 + 9×2013 + 7 + 7 + 6 = 𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟒𝟒

Method 2:

Notice that

1×2016 = 2016 ⟹ 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑠 = 9 = 9×1,

11×2016 = 22176 ⟹ 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑠 = 18 = 9×2,

111×2016 = 223776 ⟹ 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑠 = 27 = 9×3,

1111×2016 = 2239776 ⟹ 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑠 = 36 = 9×4 .

Therefore, if there are 2016 1’s in the number, then the sum of digits of the product is
9×2016 = 𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟒𝟒.

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SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest

Question 22
Take ̅̅̅
𝑆𝑆 as one letter. Arrange four letter is four space  __ __ __ __.
There are 4 options in the first space. There will be 3 options in the second space after
putting one of the letter in the first space. There will be 2 options in the third space and
1 option in the fourth space.

The total number of ways = 4×3×2×1 = 𝟐𝟒.

Question 23
First, let us find the following sum 12016 + 22016 + 32016 + ⋯ + 102016 .

The last digit of 12016 is 1.

The last digit of 22016 is 6.

21 = 𝟐 25 = 3𝟐 ...
22 = 𝟒 26 = 6𝟒
23 = 𝟖 27 = 12𝟖
24 = 1𝟔 28 = 25𝟔
The pattern of the last digit is 2, 4, 8, 6. Since 2016 is divisible by 4, the 2016th number
is 6.

The last digit of 32016 is 1.

31 = 𝟑 35 = 24𝟑 ...
32 = 𝟗 36 = 72𝟗
33 = 2𝟕 37 = 218𝟕
34 = 8𝟏 38 = 656𝟏
The pattern of the last digits is 3, 9, 7, 1. Since 2016 is divisible by 4, the 2016 th
number is 1.

The last digit of 42016 is 6.

41 = 𝟒 43 = 6𝟒 ...
42 = 1𝟔 44 = 25𝟔
The pattern of the last digits is 4, 6. Since 2016 is divisible by 2, the 2016th number is
6.

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SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest
The last digit of 52016 is 5.
The last digit of 62016 is 6.

The last digit of 72016 is 1.

71 = 𝟕 75 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝟕 ...
72 = 4𝟗 76 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝟗
73 = 34𝟑 77 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝟑
74 = 240𝟏 78 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝟏
The pattern of the last digits is 7, 9, 3, 1. Since 2016 is divisible by 4, the 2016 th
number is 1.

The last digit of 82016 is 6.

81 = 𝟖 85 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝟖 ...
82 = 6𝟒 86 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝟒
83 = 51𝟐 87 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝟐
84 = 409𝟔 88 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝟔
The pattern of the last digits is 8, 4, 2, 6. Since 2016 is divisible by 4, the 2016th
number is 6.

The last digit of 92016 is 1.

91 = 𝟗 93 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝟗 ...
92 = 8𝟏 94 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝟏
The pattern of the last digits is 9, 1. Since 2016 is divisible by 2, the 2016th number is
1.

The last digit of 102016 is 0.

The sum of the last digits is 1 + 6 + 1 + 6 + 5 + 6 + 1 + 6 + 1 + 0 = 33. Hence the last

digit of the sum above is 3.

Similarly, for each of the following sum, the last digit is 3.

112016 + 122016 + 132016 + ⋯ + 202016
212016 + 222016 + 232016 + ⋯ + 202016
…
20012016 + 20022016 + 20032016 + ⋯ + 20102016

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SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest
The last digit of 20112016 + 20122016 + 20132016 + ⋯ + 20162016 is 5 (= 1 + 6 + 1 + 6 +
5 + 6 = 25).

The sum of all the last digits is 3×201 + 5 = 608. Thus, the last digit of the expression
is 8.

Question 24
Case 1: Assume S = 1

S 1
O 7
Case I Case II Case III
M 3 4 5
H 1 (same with S) 4 (same with M) 7 (same with O)

How to read the table above:

1. The last digit of the product O×3 is 1. Therefore, O=7.

2. Since S = 1, then the only possible cases for M are 3, 4 and 5.

3. H = M × 3 + 2.

 If M = 3, then H = 1 which is impossible since S = 1

 If M = 4, then H = 4 which is impossible since M = 4
 If M = 5, then H = 7 which is impossible since O = 7.
Thus, the case when S = 1 is impossible.

All the tables below can be read in a similar way.

Case 2: S = 2

S 2
O 4
Case I Case II Case III
M 6 7 8
H 9 2 (same with S) 5
T 7 8 (same with M)
A 0

Case 3: S = 3

S 3
O 1
M 9
H 7
T 1 (same with O)

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SASMO 2016, Secondary 1 Contest
Therefore, the only valid case is when S=2, O=4, M=6, H=9, T=7, A=0.

The answer is 60792.

Question 25
Let us first convert all the speed’s from metres per second to metres per minute (m/m).

0.5 m/s = 30 m/m

5 m/s = 300 m/m

After 72 minutes, Tom covered 52 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠×300𝑚/𝑚 = 15600 𝑚 by running and

20 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠×30 𝑚/𝑚 = 600 m by jogging. In total, Tom travelled 15600 + 600 =
16200 𝑚 = 16.2 𝑘𝑚 after 72 minutes.

On the other side, Ben travelled 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠×300 𝑚/𝑚 = 18000 𝑚 = 18 𝑘𝑚 after 72

minutes.

Altogether, they travelled 16.2 + 18 = 34.2 𝑘𝑚 after 72 minutes. The remaining distance
is 36 − 34.2 = 1.8 𝑘𝑚.

After 72 minutes, Tom was still running and Ben was cycling. In 1 minute, both of them
cover in total 300𝑚 + 300𝑚 = 600𝑚. To travel 1800 metres, it took them 1800 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 ÷
600 𝑚/𝑚 = 3 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠

Therefore, they met each other 72 + 3 = 75 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 after 11 am, which is at 12:15
pm.

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