Community an Public Health (Lecture)
COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION AND COMMUNITY BUILDING
COMMUNITY ORGANIZING/BUILDING TYPOLOGY
DEFINITION: a process by which community groups are
helped to identify common problems or change targets,
mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies for
reaching their collective goals (Seabert, D., McKenzie, J. F., &
Pinger, R. R. (2021))
TERMS ASSOCIATED
COMMUNITY CAPACITY Empowerment
Community characteristics Social action process for people
affecting its ability to identify, to gain mastery over their lives
mobilize, and address problems. and the lives of their
communities
GRASSROOTS MACRO PRACTICE
PARTICIPATION The methods of professional
Bottom-up efforts of people change that deal with issues
taking collective actions on their beyond the individual, family,
own behalf, and they involve the and small group level
use of a sophisticated blend of
confrontation and cooperation in
order to achieve their ends..
PARTICIPATION & SOCIAL CAPITAL
RELEVANCE Community Processes and conditions
organizing should ‘start where among people and organizations
the people are’ and engage that lead to their accomplishing
community members as equals. a goal of mutual social benefit,
usually characterized by
interrelated constructs of trust,
cooperation, civic engagement,
and reciprocity, reinforced by
networking
NEED FOR ORGANIZING COMMUNITIES
Changes in community social structure has lead to loss in
sense of community
Advances in electronics
Communications
Increased mobility
Community organizing skills extend beyond community health
ASSUMPTIONS OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
Those who organize communities do so while making certain
assumptions RECOGNIZING THE ISSUE
capacity to deal with their own problems Initial Organizer
want and ability to change recognizes that a problem exists and decides to do something
participation in making, adjusting, or controlling major about it
changes gets things started
self-imposed or self-developed changes in the can be from within or outside of the community
community grass-roots, citizen initiated, bottom-up
holistic approach vs fragmented approach top-down, outside in
democracy requires cooperative participation
communities of people need help in organizing GAINING ENTRY INTO THE COMMUNITY
Organizers need:
COMMUNITY ORGANIZING METHODS cultural sensitivity, cultural competence, cultural humility
NO single preferred method Organizers need to know:
ALL incorporate fundamental principles who is causing problem and why
start where the people are how the problem has been addressed in the past
participation who supports and opposes the idea of addressing it
create environments in which people and communities who could provide more insight
can become empowered as they increase problem Gatekeepers
solving abilities
Locality Development ORGANIZING THE PEOPLE
broad self participation executive participants
process oriented leadership identification
stresses consensus and cooperation recruitment
builds group identity and sense of community expanding constituencies
Social Planning task force
heavily task oriented Coalition
involves people and outside planners
Social Action ASSESSING THE COMMUNITY
task and process oriented Community Building
disadvantaged segments of the population Needs assessment vs. mapping community capacity
Community Assets
Primary Building blocks
Secondary Building blocks
Community an Public Health (Lecture)
Potential Building blocks Analyzing data
Identifying factors linked to health problems
DETERMINING THE PRIORITIES AND SETTING Identifying program focus
Criteria to consider when selecting priority issue Validating prioritized need
Problem must be winnable
Must be simple and specific SETTING APPROPRIATE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Must unite members of organizing group
Should affect many people Foundation of the program
Should be part of a larger plan Portions of the programming process are designed to achieve
Goals written to serve as guide for problem solving the goals by meeting the objectives
Examples:
ARRIVING AT A SOLUTION AND SELECTING INTERVENTION To help employees learn how to manage their stress
STRATEGIES To reduce the number of teenage pregnancies in the
Alternate solutions exist for every problem community
Probable outcomes To help cardiac patients and their families deal with the lifestyle
Acceptability to the community changes that occur after a heart attack
Probable long and short term effects
Costs of resources
FINAL STEPS
Implementing
Evaluating
Maintaining
Looping Back
HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMMING
Health Education - part of health promotion
Health Promotion - more encompassing than health
education
Program Planning
may or may not be associated with community
organizing/building
Process by which an intervention is planned
CREATING A HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM
Involves a series of steps
Success depends on many factors
Experienced planners use models to guide work
Before process begins, important to understand and engage CREATING AN INTERVENTION
priority population Intervention
Activities that will help the priority population meet the
objectives and achieve the program goals
The program that the priority population will experience
May be several or a few activities
INTERVENTION CONSIDERATIONS
Multiplicity
Dose
Best Practices
Best Experience
Best Processes
IMPLEMENTING THE INTERVENTION
Implementation
putting a planned program into action
Pilot Test
trial run-implementation to a small group
determine problems and fix before full implementation
Phasing in
step-by-step implementation
ASSESSING NEEDS OF THE PRIORITY POPULATION implementation with small groups
Determining purpose and scope of needs assessment
Gathering data EVALUATING THE RESULTS
Community an Public Health (Lecture)
Determine the value or worth of an object of interest
Evaluation should occur during the first steps of program
development
Formative evaluation
Summative evaluation
Impact evaluation
Outcome evaluation
