higher education & training Department: Higher Education and Training REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA T1400(E)(A12)T NATIONAL CERTIFICATE POWER MACHINES N6 (8190046) 12 April 2018 (X-Paper) 09:00-12:00 REQUIREMENTS: Properties of water and steam (BOE 173) Superheated steam tables (appendix to BOE 173) Nonprogrammable calculators and drawing instruments may be used. This question paper consists of 9 pages and a formula sheet of § pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over(8190046) 2 Tr400(e)(A12)T DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA NATIONAL CERTIFICATE POWER MACHINES N6- TIME: 3 HOURS MARKS: 100 NOTE: If you answer more than the required number of questions, only the required number of questions will be marked. ALL work you do not want to be marked must be clearly crossed out, INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. Answer any FIVE questions. 2 Read ALL the questions carefully. 3. Number the answers according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 4. Questions may be answered in any order, but keep subsections of questions together. 5. ALL sketches and diagrams must be neat, fully labelled and drawn in pencil in the ANSWER BOOK. 6 Write down ALL formulae used. 7. Show ALL intermediate steps for calculations. 8. ‘Answer questions in blue or black ink only. 9. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over(g190046) 3 Tr400(EAI2)T QUESTION 1 Steam is expanded in a convergent-divergent nozzle to an exit pressure of 600 kPa with an isentropic dryness factor of 0,045 which is 99,265% of the actual dryness factor. ‘At entry to the nozzle, the steam is superheated with a specific heat capacity of 2,76 kdikg.K at a temperature of 276 °C and a pressure ‘of 2 600 kPa. [At the throat, the temperature and pressure of the steam are 208 °C anc 1400 kPa respectively. The index (n) for the superheated steam is 1,3, while the velocity is 500 mis. ‘Assume the velocity at entry to the nozzle to be negligible. Calculate the following quantities using steam tables only: 4.1 The specific enthalpy of the steam at the nozzle inlet @) 4.2 Atthe throat of the nozzle: 4.2.4 The specific enthalpy of the steam (3) 4.22 The specific heat capacity of the steam (2) 4.2.3 The specific volume of the steam (2) 4.3 Atthe exit of the nozzle: 4.3.4 The isentropic specific enthalpy of the steam (3) 4.3.2 The actual dryness factor of the steam a) 4.3.3. The actual specific enthalpy of the steam 2) 43:4 The specific volume of the steam correct to FOUR decimal places () 4.4 The efficiency of the divergent part of the nozzle t 3 Copyright reserved Please tum over(8190046) - TH4OO(E\At2)T QUESTION 2 The blades of a two-stage velocity-compounded impulse turbine has an average diameter of 976 mm while rotating at 3 131 r/min, The volocity of flow at the inlet to the second stage is 100 m/s, while the velocity of flow at the inlet to the first stage is 225 m/s, ‘The outlet angle of the second row of moving blades is 28°, while the outlet angle of the first row of moving blades is 25°, There is a 4% loss of velocity across ALL blades due to friction. The gas exits the turbine at an angle of 80°. 2.1 Construct velocity diagrams for the turbine in the ANSWER BOOK by using a scale of 1 mm =5 mis, {hdicate the lengths of ALL lines as well as the magnitude of ALL angles on the diagrams, 22 Determine the magnitude of the following quantities from the velocity diagrams: 2.21 The relative velocity of the gas at the inlet to the first stage in m/s 2.22 The velocity of the gas leaving the turbine in mis 2.2.3 The velocity of the gas leaving the fixed blades in m/s 2.2.4 The velocity of the gas leaving the fist stage in m/s 22.6 The nozzle velocity in m/s 22.6 The inlet angle to the first row of moving blades 2.2.7 The inlet angle to the second row of moving blades 2.28 The outlet angle from the fixed blades 2.29 The inlet angle to the fixed blades 2.2.10 — The nozzle angle (10x 1) (10) (10) [20] Copyright reserved Please turn over(e190046) 5 T1400(E\(A12)T QUESTION 3 ‘An open-circuit, continuous-combustion, constant-pressure gas turbine receives air from the atmosphere at 15 °C and compresses it to five times the intake pressure in a rotary compressor which has an isentropic efficiency of 80%, The compressed air thereafter passes through a heat exchanger in which the air temperature is increased to 397 °C. From the heat exchanger, the air passes through a combustion chamber in which 1 018,575 ku/s of heat is added at constant pressure. From the combustion chamber, the air expands through a gas turbine to atmospheric pressure. At this pressure, the air travels through the heat exchanger to the exhaust where the temperature is 231,6 °C. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 82%, while the air flows through the plant at a rate of 2,5 kg/s. Assume gamma as 1,4 and C, as 1,006 kJ/kg, K. Neglect the mass of fuel. Calculate: 3.1 The absolute isentropic temperature after compression (2) 3.2 The absolute actual temperature after compression @) 3.3 The absolute temperature before expansion (2) 3.4 The absolute isentropic temperature after expansion 2) 3.5 The absolute actual temperature after expansion (3) 3.6 The power developed by the plant in kW (3) 3.7 The thermal efficiency of the plant (3) 3.8 The efficiency of the heat exchanger ; 2 Copyright reserved Please tun over(6190046) T1400(E\A12)T QUESTION 4 A three-stage, single-acting, reciprocating air compressor delivers 900 kg/h of air to an aftercooler at a pressure of 4 116 kPa. The cylinder volume of the intermediate cylinder is 26 times its clearance volume. The temperature at the entrance to the low-pressure cylinder is 27 °C and the pressure in the first intercooler is 336 kPa. The compressor rotates at 290 r/min. Intercooling is complete and the stage pressures are in geometric progression. Assume the index for compression for all stages as 1,331 and R for air as 0,288 kJ/kg. K. Calculate: 44 The pressure ratio (i) 4.2. The pressure in the second intercooler in KPa (1) 4.3 The pressure af the inlet to the low-pressure cylinder in kPa @) 4.4 The absolute temperature after compression in each cylinder (2) 4.5 The power required to drive the compressor in kW @) 4.6 From the intermediate oylinder: 4.6.1 The effective swept volume in m*cycle correct to FOUR decimal places (3) 4.6.2 The volumetric efficiency (3) 46.3 The swept volume in m*/eycle correct to FOUR decimal places (2) 464 The clearance volume in m*/cycle correct to SIX decimal places 0) 46.5 The cylinder volume in m*/cyote i 2 Copyright reserved Please tun over(8190048) 8 T1400(E)(A12)T QUESTION 5 An engine operating on the ideal constant-volume cycle, using air as the working fluid, has an initial temperature of 77 °C and pressure of 105 kPa. The network transfer during one cycle is 551,424 kikg of air, while the volumetric compression ratio is 7,179 : 1 Assume Cy for air as 0,718 kd/kg.K and gamma as 1,4. Calculate: 5.1 The unknown pressures in kPa, as well as the unknown absolute temperatures at ALL principal points of the cycle (14) 5.2 The heat received in kuikg of air (2) 5.3 The heat rejected in kJ/kg of air 2) 5.4 The air standard efficiency (2) [20] QUESTION 6 The overall thermal efficiency of a steam boiler plant consisting of an economiser, evaporator and a superheater is 82,56%, The economiser absorbs 8,256% of the heat supplied by the fuel, while the superheater absorbs 2 856,02 kJ of heat per kg of fuel burned. The plant produces 8 170 kg of steam per hour at a pressure of 2 550 kPa and a temperature of 301 °C from 950 kg of fuel burned every hour. The specific heat capacity of the superheated steam is 2,75 kdkg.K while the fuel has a calorific value of 30 Mi/kg. The moisture in the flue gases carries 1 575 kJ of heat per kg of fuel away through the chimney, while the heat carried away by the dry flue gases is 1 905 kJ/kg of fuel. 6.1 Use steam tables only to calculate the following quantities: 6.1.1 The specific enthalpy of the steam produced 6) 6.1.2 The specific enthalpy of the feed water entering the economiser (2) 6.1.3. The specific enthalpy of the feed water entering the evaporator 2) 6.1.4 The dryness factor of the steam entering the supetheater (3) 6.1.5 The heat absorbed by the evaporator in kJ/kg fuel 8) Copyright reserved Please turn over(g190046) 8 TA400(E(AT2)T 6.2 Draw a heat balance in kJ/kg and as a percentage for each component of the plant, as well as the heat losses through the flue gases, to determine the percentage heat loss unaccounted for. (8) [20] QUESTION 7 ‘A vapour-compression refrigeration plant uses 0,5 kg/s of ammonia as a refrigerant. The plant operates between pressure limits of 2 983 kPa and 6 539 kPa, The stroke length of the compressor is 1,2 times the piston diameter. The refrigerant is a dry, saturated vapour at the entrance to the compressor and at the condenser inlet the vapour has a temperature of 65 °C. The saturated liquid refrigerant exits the condenser at a temperature of 22 °C. The specific heat capacity of the superheated refrigerant is 2,18 ku/kg.K, while the specific heat capacity of the liquid refrigerant is 4,12 ku/kg.K. The specific volume of the saturated refrigerant at the compressor inlet is 0,012 m*/kg. The volumetric efficiency of the compressor is 92,1%, whilst rotating at 240 r/min, ‘The following are extracts from ammonia tables: Saturation | Pressure (kPa) |_Specific enthalpy [kJ temperature (°C) Liquid (hi)_[ Vapour (hg) ~4 2983 743 [320 2 6.539 172.3 269,2 Use the data provided above to calculate the following quantities: 74 The specific enthalpy of the refrigerant after isentropic compression @) 7.2 The power required to drive the compressor in kW (2) 7.3. The mass of the refrigerant in kg/cycle (1) 7.4 The volume of the refrigerant in m*/cycle correct to FOUR decimal places () 7.5 The swept volume of the compressor in mYoycle correct to SIX decimal places @) 7.6 The diameter of the piston in mm and the length of the stroke in mm @) Copyright reserved Please turn over(@t90046) 9 7.7 The specific enthalpy of the refrigerant at the condenser outlet 7.8 The refrigerating effect in ku/s 7.9 The actual coefficient of performance Copyright reserved ‘T1400(E\A12)T (3) (2) (2) (20) TOTAL: 100(g190046) Ae T1400(E\(A12)T FORMULA SHEET NOTE: This formula sheet may not necessarily be complete. Any formulae utilised by candidates that do not appear on this list, must be written in full in the ANSWER BOOK. ENGLISH GENERAL APRIKAANS PY, =mRT, =6,-6, C, & PV= PV=k PV" =c PV" =k PY’ =e PY =k B 7 R Q=AU+Wa Q=AU+Av asenfc w(S}ec, olf) as=m.C, -in{ 2 A ssencya(') won Q=m.C, AT Q=m.C,.ar S,,=8,+C, »(%) Sg aS.-Sy S=S,4N.S 5 ht Cy (yt) ,(5,~8))=hy hy ‘Copyright reserved Please turn over(6190046) 2 T1400(E)(A12)T ENGLISH GENERAL, AFRIKAANS Different formulae for work done (Wd) verskillende formules vir arbeid verrig (Av) Copyright reserved Please tum over(8190046) ENGLISH Different formulae for work done (Wa) =area of PV - diagram = work done first stage + work done second stage +... Waly = Wa, - Wa, Wye = Quer 3 TA400(E\(A12)T GENERAL ABRIKAANS Verskillende formules vir arbeid vertig (Av) = area van PV - diagram = arbeid verrig eerste stadium + arbeid verrig tweede stadium +. Aiggy = Av, ~ Ay AV yea = Que ifterent formulae for sir standard efficiencies (ASB) heat added ~ heat rejected heat added Verskillende formules vir lugstandaardrendemente (LSR) _Mavmte toegevoeg ~ warmte afgestaan warmte toegevoeg Different volumetric efficiencies, 1, ‘Swept volume Volume of fiee air ‘Swept volume Verskilllende volumetriese rendemente, 7y _ Volume lug ingeneem Slagvolune _ Volume vrylug ‘Slagvolume Copyright reserved Please turn over(8190046) ENGLISH Different thermal efficiencies, Marg Ae GENERAL T1400(E)(A12)T AFRIKAANS Verskillende termiese rendemente, Moy, Wa AV heat supplied ‘wammte tocgevoeg BP RD Mate om = —— oe Ne tm, = —— my, XOV my, x WP : IP eee EHUD. Mn em CP Mt sm WFP h, —h is m, xP in, nae ea ccna 7, 9, -BP. Ped Pac = rete Indicated efficiency Indikateurrendementyerhou sen Ta ASE ISR Brake efficiency ratio Remrendementverhouding Ms “ISR BP = 20 TaFxr RD = 2x 60 a BP = Pte eon LX AX NXE RD = Po oyy, LXAXNXE IP = Pat og LX ARN XE ID = Pay gon, LXAXN XE ISBY = M bth 2D Mon RSBY KYW tL Kvy TE Ay D=m.U.Ahw Fy. =m AY, Copyright roserved Please turn over(e190046) & Tr4o(e Katz) ENGLISH GENERAL AFRIKAANS: yg, 3 eeu Pee (PD realy r=n{> vel mY, m,(h, hy) HE bade m, 225 im, x 2257 Ke Ay, I = ae 19g = Wa yay. Wd Frat: ’ 4B Nan == heut pV 2 cy esuyery, +E so- aren Gro. 2 cy eto, 89, sy (a) 82, 1U, +B St av Copyright reservedhigher education & training Department: Higher Education and Training REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA CHIEF MARKER: MCM: M DU PREEZ |. Copyeiant resorved __SIWELA MB SIGNATURE: _ INTERNAL MODERATOR: _PANKH! MARKER: _MWANDO MZ, {t- DATE: 14 APRIL 2018 NATIONAL CERTIFICATE POWER MACHINES NG 412 APRIL 2018 This marking guideline consists of 16 pages. JA__SIGNATURE: SIGNATURE: _\\iRoe2 Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE: 2 POWER MACHINES N6 v =1MARK J? = he MARK QUESTION 1 14 At 2600kPa; h, = 2802K) kg and t,= 226°C malt Cy (ta-t) SA = 2802 +2, 76(276~226)v = 2940KI J kg ¥ 1200 1.24 v4 Je AL IA00KPa; h, = 2788kI J kg and |, = 195°C 2x10" 500’, 2x10 = 2B81Skd Lig f = 2040~ 1.2.2 He= hig + Cpl lyy A) A? mh Gua 1 205-195, = 2,7kI I kg.K LO 1.23 |” 9,3f 2815-1941] yg 13. 1400 = 0/1440 ig 0 13° 1.84 yh TA400(E)(A12)T At 6OOKPa: hi, = OTOKT / kg and hy, = 208SKI / hg and ¥, =0,3155yn* hg Mss hptx'hy JA 170 +-0,945(2085) y = 2640,325KI hg 4 Copyright reserved Please turn over (3) (3) (2) 2) (3)MARKING GUIDELINE 3 - ‘TA400(E\(A12)T POWER MACHINES N6 1.3.2 = 25 Yh 0,99265, =0,952 “4 (1) 133 hy=hybhy J? : = 670 +0,952(2085) “” = 2654,92KI hg ¥ (2) 134 K=xh, = 0,952%0,31550" =0,300 dni She (i) 2815 ~2654,92) © (2815~—2640,325) V7 (3) =91,644% F [20] 100% Copyright reserved Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE 4 POWER MACHINES Ne QUESTION 2 24 DN 60 = FXOS76X3131 60 = 160m /s [32mm] ¥ Yat 189mm 74, 24mm VI2=43, 15am | va: TA400(E\(A12)T Vern aim Val=71,2em Gre=domm ‘Award % mark for each line and angle as indicated on the diagram, up to a maximum of 18 values only. Allow a tolerance of + 1° for angles and a tolerance of 42 mm for lengths. Copyright reserved (10) Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE THA00KE,(A12)T + POWER MACHINES Ne 22° 2.21 — ¥,=106,4%5 =532m/sV 22.2 — ¥,=19,07x5 =95,35m/s 0 223° K=aTaxs =357mI 9 224 — ¥,=74,34x5 =31,Im/s¢ 225 — ¥,=136,08x5 = 680,4m/ 9% 226 gure v 227 6-29 ¥ 228 a=160e v 229 f=3s°¥ 22.10 9° v (10x14) (40) [20] QUESTION 3 op 6 | poor Copyright reserved Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE 8 TA400(E\AI2)T POWER MACHINES N6 34 2! i of ay 7) x = 288(5)(n)v” = 456,14K ¥ @) 32 Te n 456)14—288 7% 0,8 =A98,175K @) = 288+ 33 g.=me, (1,7) : Qo oy =1+2e. fh aay mC, Ci (2) 34 (2) 35 oh 1-7," T=t-a(Q-B)y vb =1075~0,82(1075 ~ 678,739) v4 =750,066K ¥ @) 3.6 P=mC,(1-L-L+h) ¥ = 2,5x1,006(1075 ~ 750,066 —498,175+ 288) / = 288,619" 7 @) Copyright reserved Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE 1 POWER MACHINES NG v _ 1075 —750,066— 498,175 +288 1075-670 x100% / = 28,336% ¥ OR, 1, = -x100% 288,619 = — x 100% i01g,375° 0% = 28,336% 910-4981 75 750,066 — 04,6 = 10% 4 100% ¥ QUESTION 4 Copyright reserved T1A00(E)(A12)T (3) (3) [20] Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE 8. POWER MACHINES N6 44 42 46 “35, =1176KPa OR BaPXr,, = 336x3,5 =1176kPa OR R= (Rh V4I16x336 =1176kPa 43 Je = 300(3,5)(038) = 409,659K v Copyright reserved ‘T1400(E)(A12)T Please turn over (1) (1) @) (2)MARKING GUIDELINE 9. POWER MACHINES NG 45 yh (oan = 21081 900 6,998 300| (3,5) 1) 1 0,331 60x60 95,247KI 1s =95,247kW ¥ 49 484 Pee mete Js v 336 Ve2 = 900/60 x 0.288x 409.62/290 Ve2 = 0,0182 mi/cycle ¥ 462 y,=20v, v* Vat¥y Wg Vig = 250 0,04, and "2. 0,04 2 ~1-aad (as =] =93,478% J 463 =0.0185m/ oyclo v Copyright reserved TA400(E\(A12)T (3) (3) (3) (2) Please turn overA0- MARKING GUIDELINE POWER MACHINES NG 46.4 ¥,,=0,04V,,/% 0,04 x.0.0198 0,00078 m/cycle wt 6 x 0,00078 ve .02028 miicyote : OR Waka tha ,0195 + 0,00078 12028 mi/oycle QUESTION 5 Pike | 4 \ Copyright reserved T1400(E\AI2)T (ty (2) 20] Please tun overMARKING GUIDELINE At TH400(E)(A12)T POWER MACHINES NB 54 r-, Kh yy Rept Ve ; a(t) a =350(7,179)" = 700K J* ¥, wy a-a() ve =105(7,179)" =1658,36kPa V7 WD =Qp4,~ Que BB MAL] SA oe ie WD = mC,|T, -T,- 551,424 =1X0,718|7;, ~ 168=T, -T, 420 =, =1188K vA ~710+350] / S B_VG Sat) *% aan % _ NINE, BT, 57 ATI xg a q also 2-(4) ve vA from above Copyright reserved Please (urn overMARKING GUIDELINE “12 POWER MACHINES N6 T,-T,=2,21, ~T, 127, =1188 7 and T,=990K 7” y 2,20, ve =2,2x990 4" =2178K J* — 1658,36%2178 770 = 4690,79kPa Jb Je FE. ph AR q 105x990 ye ve 350) =297kPa J OR Lye = 4690,79] —— (ts) = 297kPa 52 Q,.=me,(% Tv =1K0,718(2178-770) /# =1010,944k fhe S 53g, =mec,(,-n) =1x0,718(350-990) v# =-459,52KI ke 7 Copyright reserved T1400(E)(A12)T ¢ Please turn over 14) (2) (2)MARKING GUIDELINE “13. TH4OO(EYAI2)T POWER MACHINES NG Que = 2. HY Outi _ (010,944 ~ 459,52) ; 100% 1010944 v* 45% v4 OR ase-f1-(2)" bao -/>-(cis) Joo : =54,546% [20] QUESTION 6 61 644 vs jh we 967K I hg, hy, =1834KI / ke, h, = 280k / kg, Bays = Ng Cg (lyy “ES = 2801+ 2,75(301~ 225) ¥ =3010K) /he steam ¥ 6 ( Iau Hea) im, xCV ym, XCV Digg © hy ET Ye m, = 3010 0:8256%950%30 000 y4 6.1.2 = 130k /kg steam f (2) Copyright reserved Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE 14. POWER MACHINES N6 oe) lbh) my xCV Nan XM XOV Ne irene 2139-4 £208256%30 000 jy Neon Bigg = ga + = A18KI/ ke steam 4 ashe uy = EL (12) hg #C yl) Loo. X56 (6, v7 (I-a)h, 586,02%, 8,6 x= 0,95 ¥ (1-x)x1834 4 2,75(301-225) v# 615 a, Qu, alk +g Iya] A =*fo67 4-0,95(1834)-418] ¥ =19 705,184 /kg fuel 62 18705,18 je 2 586,02 THAOO(E\(A12)T (2) (3) @) 1575 | 30 000-26 248 7806 TOTALS ‘30.000 700 (5) Copyright resorved [20] Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE 15 ‘TA400(E}(A12)T POWER MACHINES N6 QUESTION 7 Porat “2 7A Iy=ely+O,(G-h) v = 269,2 +2,18(338-300) ¥ = 352, 0447 kg @) 72 P=m,x¥D =m,(,—h,) v2 0,5(352,04-320) v7 =16,02K" ¥ @) 73 O,Ske 60s, min = Oe y. te eS tmin 2407 =0,125kg/r i =0,125kg /eyele Oy 74 Vey, =m, x0, ke » 125A 19,0122 ye gee ag =0,001 Sm’ /eycle 1) 75 = 0,001 629m ¥ @) Copyright reserved Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE “16. POWER MACHINES Ne 76 Dept xh2D JA 24D? Vs 4 =0,12m =120mm L=1,2D =1,2x120 7% = 144m 7 77 h=h~C,(M—h) ¥ =172,3-4,12(300~295) SISLTKI hg V 78 RE=m,(h-h) J =0,5(320-151,7) “4 =84,15KI/5 7 79 RE cop=kE fe wo 8415 % 16,02 = 5,259 ¥ OR Ah, cop =a": hah 320-1517 352,04=320 35,253 Copyright reserved TAAOOKE\AIZYT (3) (2) (2) . [20} TOTAL: 100higher education & training Department: Higher Education and Training REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA T1340(E)(A8)T NATIONAL CERTIFICATE POWER MACINES N6 (8190046) 8 August 2017 (X-Paper) 9:00-12:00 REQUIREMENTS: Steam Tables (BOE 173) Calculators may be used This question paper consists of 6 pages and a formula sheet of 5 pages Copyright reserved Please tum over(e190046) om TIB40(EAB)T DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA NATIONAL CERTIFICATE POWER MACHINES N6 TIME: 3 HOURS MARKS: 100 NOTE: If you answer more than the required FIVE questions, only the first five will be marked, All work you do not want to be marked must be clearly crossed out. INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1 Answer any FIVE questions. 2 Read ALL the questions carefully. 3. Number the answers according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 4. Questions may be answered in any order, but subsections of questions must be kept together. 5. ALL formulae used must be written down, 6 Show ALL the intermediate steps. 7. Questions must be answered in blue or black ink. 8 ALL sketches and diagrams must be done in pencil in the ANSWER BOOK. 9. Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over(g190046) 3 TAB4O(EKAR)T QUESTION 4 The following data refers to a two-stage, single-acting, reciprocating compressor running at 600 revolution per minute: The compressor runs under maximum efficiency conditions and the free volume is ignored. The pressure at the beginning of compression for the low pressure- cylinder is 405 kPa, Effective swept volume for the low pressure cylinder is 0, 6 ms. The temperature at the beginning of compression for the low pressure- cylinder is 293K. The highest pressure for the high pressure cylinder is 900 kPa. The mechanical efficiency of the compressor is 90 percent. The specific heat capacity at constant pressure is 1,005 kJ/kg. and the characteristic gas constant of air is 0,287 kJ/kg.K. ‘Assume the index for compression is 1,32. Calculate the following: 1.1 The highest pressure for the low pressure cylinder in kPa. @) 1.2 The swept volume for the low pressure cylinder in m?. 3) 1.3. The temperature after compression for the low pressure cylinder in Kelvin. @) 1.4 The heat absorbed in the intercooler in kJ. (6) 1.5 The work done required to drive the compressor in kJ/s, (6) [20] QUESTION 2 In a boiler plant consisting of an evaporator, economiser and superheater, steam is generated at a pressure of 2 MPa and a temperature of 400 °C at a rate of 5 600 kglh. The temperatures of the feed water entering and leaving the economiser are 47,7 °C and 96,7 °C respectively. The dryness factor of the steam at entry to the superheater is 0,9. Air is supplied at a rate of 15 kg of air per kg of coal. The temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economiser is 215°C. The heat value of the coal is 33 000 ku/kg. The atmospheric temperature is 25 *C. The specific heat capacity of the flue gases is 1,045 ki/kg.K and the efficiency of the plant is 84 percent. Calculate by using steam tables: 2.4 The mass of coal burnt in kg/h 8) 2.2 Equivalent evaporation from and at 100 °C per kilogram of fuel (3) 2.3 Heat to the economiser, evaporator, superheater and chimney in kJ/kg of fuel (9) Copyright reserved Please turn over(8190046) oo TIS4O(E\AB)T 24 Draw up an energy balance in kJ/kg of fuel and also as a percentage of the total heat (5) [20] QUESTION 3 The following data refers to the Otto-cycle: The stroke length is the same as the bore size. The clearance volume is 0,13 times the swept volume. The rotational speed is 3500 revolution per minute. The operation is on a four-cylinder, four-stroke principle. The indicated mean effective pressure is 700 kPa The brake power is 85 kW with a mechanical efficiency of 85 percent. The relative efficiency based on the brake power circumstances is 54 percent. Caloulate the following: 3.1 The bore size and stroke length in mm. (6) 3.2 The stroke volume, free volume and cylinder volume in m* (6) 3.3. The volumetric compression ratio to one decimal place (2) 3.4 The air standard efficiency (A.S.E) if gamma is 1,4 (3) 3.5 The brake thermal efficiency ) [20] QUESTION 4 A convergent divergent nozzle receives superheated steam at a pressure of 800 kPa and a temperature of 250°. Assume the reheat factor is 10% of the overall heat drop due to friction. There is a velocity of 650 m/s, pressure of 400 kPa and the dryness fraction of 0,95 at the exit of the nozzle. The area at the inlet is 450 mm? and the mass flow rate is 0,325 kg/s. At the throat, there is a pressure of 500 kPa and the dryness fraction of 0, 99. Caloulate the following: 44 The inlet velocity of the steam in m/s (4) 42 The area at the critical point in mm? (6) 43 The exit isentropic enthalpy in kJ/kg ) 4.4 The specific volume and the area at the exit in mm? (4) [20] Copyright reserved Please turn over(8190046) QUESTION 5 The following information is applicable to a four-stroke, five-cylinder petrol engine, rotating at 6 000 revolution per minute: Engine brake power Engine indicator power Bore size 6 mm Stroke length mm Heat value of fuel 1.000 ku/kg Mass of fuel consumed 1 kg/h Calculate the following: 5.1 The mechanical efficiency and the effective mean brake pressure in kPa. 6.2 The swept volume in m/min 5.3 The fuel power and friction power in kW 5.4 The brake thermal efficiency 5.5 The brake torque at 6 000 revolution per minute in N.M QUESTION 6 Steam is axially discharged from a velocity compounded, two-stage impulse turbine. The velocity coefficient for all the blades is 5% loss due to friction. Symmetrical blading occurs in the first and second stage. There is no axial thrust in the second stage. The inlet angle of the moving blade for all the stages is 28°. The circumferential blade velocity is 160 m/s while the steam leaves the nozzle at a velocity of 700 m/s. 6.1 Construct velocity diagrams for the turbine using 1 cm = 50 m/s scale and indicate the lengths of ALL the lines as well as the magnitude of the angles on the diagrams. 6.2 Determine the following from the velocity diagrams: 6.2.1 The inlet flow velocity and the outlet flow velocity for the first stage 6.2.2 The diagram efficiency for the turbine Ti340(EMAR)T (7) (3) (4) (2) (4) [20] (14) (2) (4) [20] Copyright reserved Please turn over(8190046) 6 T4340(E\(A8)T QUESTION 7 ‘A vapour-compression refrigerator uses ammonia as a cooling agent, and operates between pressure limits of 500 kPa and 1 300 kPa. Assume that ammonia is dry saturated at the beginning of compression and is at 60 °C after compression. The heat transfer required from the condenser unit is 105 Mu/hour, After the condensating effect, the refrigerating agent is a liquid (not undercooled), Assume the SHC of the superheated vapour as a constant. The following characteristics table refers to the ammonia: Pressure Saturation | Specific enthalpy (ku/kg) | Specific entropy temperature (ksikg IK kPa (C) Liquid (hf) [Vapour (hg) [Liquid (sf)_[ Vapour (sq) 500 20 52,1 194.3 0.1935 [0,698 [1300 55, 85,3 2073 0.3141 [0, 6898 Caloulate the following: 7.1 The specific heat capacity of the superheated vapour (4) 7.2 The mass of ammonia in kg/s, assume that no loss is observed 7) 7.3 The quality of the steam of ammonia at the entrance to the vaporiser (3) 7.4 The work done in ku/s of the motor if only 85% of the power is available for ammonia (6) [20] TOTAL: 100 Copyright reserved«s190046) a POWER MACHINES N6 FORMULA SHEET Any applicable formula may also be used. ENGLISH GENERAL PP, = mE, R=Cp-cv oD co PV= PY" =o Pi = nat a h(4) _[2)" RMA A AU =m.Cv. AT Q=AU+Wd As= mf Ave m.Cv.in A % ds=m.Cp ne i Asem. Rain cy Q=m.Cp.ar Q=m.Cv.AT + Cp Ine fe + Cp ein s Sp + 1S jy Hoy = Ng + CP su —ig) Copyright reserved T1940(E\(A8)T AFRIKAANS Pv 0 ~ PV" =k PV! =k Q=AU+ dv Please tun over,(8190046) 2 T1340(E\(AB\T ENGLISH GENERAL AFRIKAANS Igy = Hig + gg Vou= Iigg = hg + aly Eu Voge = Vg Fs = Vy Different formulae for Verskillende formudes vir work done (Wa) arbeid verrig (Av) =PxAV ', = AK In % 4 Pia Phe unl f= Pals y-l =m.Cp. AT Copyright reserved Please tum over(gt90046) 3 T1340(E\(Aa)T ENGLISH GENERAL AFRIKAANS Different formulae for Verskillende formules work done (Wd) vir arbeid verrig (Av) = area of PY-diagram = area van PV-diagram = work done first stage = arbeid verrig eerste + work done second stadium + arbeld ver- $1090 + oo rig tweede stadium + Wa yy =Wa, -Wa, Avnoy = AY, ~ Ave Fane = Quen Avrncu = Once Different formulae for Verskillende formules air standard efficien- vir lugstandaardrende- cies (ASE) ‘mente (LSR) MG N47? GD] heat added ~ heat refecte uetoegevoes~ warnteafgestaan het added Trifeoegeres Different volumetric Verskillende volumetriese officienctes, Oot rendemente, Oot Volume of air taken in Volume lug ingencem ‘Swept volume ‘STagvolume Volume of fee ai Volume wytug ‘Swept vohane Stagrolume Copyright reserved Please turn over(8190046) 4 TIS4O(E\AB)T ENGLISH GENERAL AFRIKAANS Different thermal Verskillende termiese efficiencies, Orern rendemente, Oern, eae i Ay heat supplied warmte foegevoeg ™ Bec i‘ RD foraketherm ig XCF nent =H : Eee: : ___D inden nom AP ‘aera = tll =n mm = is ah) my xC my XE Bt Nex at me ht RT mech ae Mech = Tp nee. “Ty Indicated efficiency ratio Indikateurrendementverhouding Mn therm nd tcrm ASE Li Brake efficiency ratio Remrendementverhouding _ Toraketherm ASE. IN BP =2n T=Fxr 60 BP = Fyratemean LANE TP = Proud mean FANE cop=—4 %-T RE cop =—— Wa Pem.U.Ahw Ryy=m. Ay Copyright reserved LANE rom gem, ID = Fina. gem LANE ISBY = “Lh 1D Fayg =m AV Please tun over(8190046) ENGLISH ms Omg 82.257 Wasa Nisa = ¢ sa HUA A AS Om 2 BZ, +a + Tay tH Copyright reserved 5 TA340(E\(A8)T AFRIKAANS GENERAL C, = ¥2 «10° (ly = he) + CP = 2108 (hin) + Cpa y2x10 XC, T+ Ch (= \2x10'xc, GB) +4 nt, ty {Itg = ly) EV iy x2 287 ng, = Atisa 0 A pot Av rank. = oO Ty Nearn == t haus p¥ Bh +U, + BY oe B2,+U, + RV, bt AvMARKING GUIDELINE . : POWER MACHINES NS QUESTION 4 4.1 Al superheat steam tables 800 kPa and 250 °C : hy = 2961 kJ/kg ye MEM ly =1941 ros ” zh 032951194) ( 800 ) of Mo jj 13 = 0,2013m" : Ny mh dyad cof 6. TA340(E)(AB)T @) 450x10°% G Ge 38m s 42 he hf sli @. SOOKPa = 640 -+0,99x2107 bh, =272593kI Thy Ce = )2000(8, he) BNE = 2000295 al 4c, ms CY 793, 96mbs 1 ze N\ Ni Ney OMAK OS 1GY Kos = ; NS Onn Nee py = a Ae = 175,5men? OS HO RTL He OH geass IOs CG N\ FTL gam wed Copyright reserved Please turn over (6)MARKING GUIDELINE 7 POWER MACHINES NG 43 hy Vex hfe @.A00KPa 4 o9sy2133 why S263 ASKS Kg aus = 410% Ss hy aun \ psi 2951—Iy b= \ assent fhe 44 ¥, - Ni Nyon AOOKP a * 0,95x0,4622 0.4391! kg: mY, 80439 1x1 0% \ 650 = 219,55? Ay QUESTION § Aa HN, HP 100% Mas np. DNACE Nr sec( 4 qgre) «Se x5 150 iN 4 - 6 P= “N0.91kPa an a spear \n, 6000 = (0,096)' 10,09 1x —— x5, 0.096)" 2 fo.8802m" min Copyright reserved TA340(E\(AS)T (6) (4) [20} @) Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE 8 POWER MACHINES NG 6.3 Fuel.Power yf 18.11 230,17 Nv Friction Power = IP ~ BP = 200 ty = PP 100% FuelPower = \s x.100% 339,17 = \ar% 2an 6.5 pp ae 60 N\ (6000 50000= \ SBE xr 50000 a T= NB3873Ni 0 = SUKI o Copytight reserved T1340(E)(A8)T ) (2) (4) [20] Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE QUESTION 6 6.1 62 62.1 6.22 Copyright reserved Dogo 9 POWER MACHINES NG 2UCw, (Cui x.100% 60(870-+320) : 650° 9013% 100% TAS4O(EMAB)T (14) (2) @) [20] Please turn over,MARKING GUIDELINE “10- T1340(E\A8)T POWER MACHINES NE QUESTION 7 7A 1 60| 2 \y rome 7 308 Cp MOS49ks Tke.K (4) . 698 72 hy Nip tC, -1) 073 +.0,549(833 ~328) tol, N= 210,054) ke Heat trans = 210,05-853 124,75kd Jeg hhvat sransfer: fromcondensor flowrate = ee. heatsransfer Jocomlensor focondensor =, hy mas = 8468p (11 124,75 841,68ke /fh \ kg is 3600 Sake 7) 73 hy Sh, +04, 85,3. 52,14 g(1943~52,)) wy \= 0233 8 Copyright reserved Please tum overMARKING GUIDELINE 11 POWER MACHINES NG 74 Work «done = Ne 210, SYS,75kI Fhe WD/s = workslone.xanass. flowrate 15,75x0.234 = 386K I ‘3086 085 ASTOR 3 Copyright reserved TH340(EY(A8)T 6) [20] TOTAL: — 100higher. education & training Department: Higher Education and Training REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA *4350(E)(M31)T XAMINATION. eeu CERTIFICATE (81900, 34 March 2046(x. j,, 08:00~4 ie ei REQUIREMENTS: fs fame E Copyright reserved190046) ee TH360(E\MS1)T DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA NATIONAL CERTIFICATE POWER MACHINES NG TIME: 3 HOURS. MARKS: 100 NOTE: If you answer fore tal he required FIVE questions, only the first five questions wil ig ma | work you do not want to be marked must be clearly crosset : semen ND neon 4 Ang anveye oe 8. All sketches and diagrams must & done in pencil in the ANSWER BOOK, 9. Write neatly and legibly.190046) he 2.7 Draw up an energy balance in kJ/Ko fuel, also as @ percentage of the total heat ANDIOR, QUESTION 3 ‘A compression-ignition engine working on the dual cycle takes in two thirds of its total heat supply at consiant volume and one third at constant pressure expansion. The compression is adiabatic. Heat is lost at a constant volume. The following data is applcasté io Haignaine: Intake conditions 328RPagnd 16 °C Maximum pressure Compression ratio abedlly at consta tans jacily.at constant presse = nan heitemperature and pressure after con ature after coer vlume pation 33 The temperate atterdéristant prodgure 34 Tho velume betas 3.5 The temperature before epstant volume heft 3.6 The Air Standard Efficiency QUESTION 4 Air enters a nozzle at a pressure of 3 MPa, a temperature of 480 °C and a speed of 60 mis. The air leaves the nozzle at a pressure of 600 kPa. ‘The air flow rate through the nozzle is 1,2 kg/s. ‘The expansion from the inlet to the throat takes place with an adiabatic efficiency of 90 percent while the adiabatic efficiency from the throat to the outlet is 85 percent, Assume gamma = 1,4; R = 0,287 kilkg.K and Cp = 1,005 kukg. Calculate the following: 44 The throat area in mm? SOE NMS TT (5) (20) 6) (2) (5) 2) 4) (20) (40)eig004e, whe NOTE: Answer ANY FIVE questions in this question paper: QUESTION 4 A two-stage. single-acting. reciprocating compressor takes in air at 2 tempo of 0.4 mils. The compression index is 1,3. The delivery pressure is 800 kPa. The rotational frequency of the compressor is 550 min. The initial pressure and temperature for the low-pressure cylinder are 104 kPe and 18 C respeciively. Conditions for maximum efficiency prevail and free volume Is insignificant. Assume R for air as 0, 287 klkg. ‘Calculate the following: 4.4 The intermediate " 4.2 The volume for theifa 1.3 The diafyeter (D) of 14 The, foie Fequired to drive rent. % svoporater St at @ superheater, steam 500 kPa aya rature of 350 °C al a'rate of 5400 kg/h, The dryness fablanof the steam atsiiry fé\the super-heater is 0,8 The temperatures of the feed Water entering and leaiing the economiser are 44,6 °C and 93,5 °C respectively. The bdllésburns coal at affate of 00 kg/h. The heat value of the coal is 32 MJ/KGi.The atmos Airis supplied at a rate of 18 kg of air 6 the outlet of the economiser is 210 °C. 1,045 ilkg I. jal. The temperature of the flue gas at pecific heat capacity of the flue gases is Calculate the following by using steam tables: 2.4 Efficiency of the plant 2.2 Equivalent evaporation from and at 100 °C per kilogram of fuel 23 Heat to the economiser in kJ/kg 2.4 Heat to the evaporator in kJ/kg 2.5 Heat to the superheater in ku/kg 2.6 Heat to the stack (chimney) in kukg (3) ) 4) @ 20) ) @) (2) (3) (2)& 8190040; 42 The exil ares in min? Pre Mash number ANDIOR QUESTION § & ship is fitted with @ turbo-charged two-stroke oil engine, with five single-acting cylinders. Cylinder diameter Siroke length per cylinder (i Engine speed 412 rimin Fuel consump Heat value’6f fy6! Air consumpt Brake mean fective pressure = 738kPa Mechanica('Sfficiency 865% Atmosphétie, pressure = 101,325 kPall, Atmogyhilic temperature 7 Gas constatitfetair 9 bs, 5.1 The brake powet| 5.2” The indicated power kW “Wy 5.3 The brake thermal efficiengy! 5.4 The torque on ne drive shat ink if & 5.5 The volume of ait induced per minute 5.6 The swept volume per minute 67 The volumetric efficiency AND/OR QUESTION 6 A two-stage, velocity compound steam turbine has blading designed for an axial discharge of the steam from the second row of moving blades. All the moving blades are 30°. The blade circumferential speed, the nozzle angle and the fixed blade angles are designed for a nozzle discharge velocity of 500 mvs. The velocity coefficient for all blades is 0,9 TISSOLEMME NT 8) 0) (3) (2) [20]ets0048) & TH360(E)(MS1)T 61 Use a length of 3 om for the blade circumferential speed and construct velocity diagrams for the turbine in the ANSWER BOOK. indicate the Iengthe Of ALL the lines 2s well as the magnitude of the angles on the diagrams and calculate the scale. ° Determine the following from the velocity diagrame: 624 The blade circumferential speed in mvs 6.2.2 The power developed per kg of steam per second in kW. 6.2.3 ‘Specific enthe e 479 klk Specific enthalpy o ators (apour at Pah ahator prebinas! 462, 8 kdhcg Speaific enthalpy of sauratifiqua at pa reSsure F110, 2 kdikg Specific enthalpy of saturated igi at evaporator pressure = 51,6 kulkg Specific volume of dry saturated vapbly: at org rinse = 0,168 mkg Temperature ofthe refrigerant in conderisan die = 1G ‘Temperature of the refrigerant in evaporator = 6% The methyl chloride enters the compressor as @ wet vapour, the condenser as a dry saturated vapour and it leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid with no under. cooling. The actual coefficient of performance is 90,23 percent of the ideal coefficient of performance. The compressor bore size is 0,1285 m; it has a stroke length of 1,2 times the diameter of the piston, a volumetric efficiency of 90 percent and it rotates at 420 r/min. Calculate the following: 7.4" The ideal coefficient of performance and the actual coefficient of performance 7.2 The specific enthalpy of the refrigerant at the entrance to the compressor in (10) (2) (3) (3) (2) [20] @)TAS5O(E)(MS1)> kulkg and the dryness factor 6 790046), 7.2 The swept volume of the compressor in m® per stroke. the swept volume and the effective swept volume in mis & 7.4 The spectiic volume of the refrigerant at the entrance to the compressor in mifig and the mass flow rats in ke per minute. (4) 7.8 The compressor power in ki/s anc the power required to dtive the ‘sompressor in KW if the mechanical efficiency is 80% @ (20) TOTAL: 400(4080042) POWER MACHINES N6 FORMULA SHEET Any other applicable formule mey also he used ENGLISH O=AU+Wa ‘Copyright reserved GENERAL Pilg = mT, Q=m.Cp.ar Q=m.Cv.ar q Sy = Sq + Cp In 8 et P t Sq =5_-Sy S=S p48 Ig = hy + OD oye) TASbO(E)MSI)T AFRIKAANS PV =k pvr ek PVr=k Q=AU + Av | Pleat(94040012) ad Ti 3BO(Ey iNest): ENGLISH APRIEAANS. + hy by + ahyy fey =a 7 =3¥, Different foryitiae for & ‘e ., Verskilfende formules vir Copyright reserved Please turn over(74040072) “ee THBSO(E\MST)T ENGLISH GENERAL AFRIKAANS Different formulae for Perskillende formutes work done Wd) vir arbeid verrig (Av) = area of PY-diagram = area van P¥-diagram work done first stage = arbeid verrig eerste + work done second stadliwn + arbeid ver- stage + rig tweede stadivan 4 Wel yeq “Wel, ~ Wa ne = Wren = Qnen AYnetr = Qnew "an formules vir Migstandaardrende- mente WSR) __ eat added ~ heat reected Theat aed Ferskillende volumetriese rendemente, Op Different volumetric efficiencies, Ory _ alume of air takon in _ Volume lug ngencem ‘Swept volume ‘STogvotune _ Volume of {free air ‘Swept volume Copyright reserved Please turn over(1040052 ~ TRBOE MMS HT ERGLISH GENERAL APRETALANS Different thermal Fersiliende vermiese efficiencies. Geen rentemene, Germ _ We a Ineaa supplied * rarmie toogevoos F BP ‘ RD Make tern = rem erm, = ——— tigjg CP “ WW Td tr = ae m - mT apr RCP in 00 ig, 2 WP am, (hs = bw) ang (as ~ tw) hem, = tern, = ine ay x CP a ing xT 2 em = Seb BF “pp Rn “p bw “Sptkacivendenenrerhouding “nd nde ie. a rake effceney raid 'Rempldlomentverhoucling __ rae term. eR _Mrem.terne ASE. __ ESR. BP = 2x. eth RD=2# aa 0 oo BP =Pyatemean PANE RD = Pn gon, LANE JP = Pig. mean PANE ID = Pou gon, LANE. mn ISRC = ith say = Moen, P ee apse = Eth BP cop=— m7, RE cop = #8 ‘d P=m.U.Abw Fg =m. Py Copyright reserved Please turn over(41040012) Be TAS50(E\(MI)T ENGLISH GENERAL AFRIKAANS _2.U btw 220 Ate % ae 10h 8+ Gh Bed 2. 10° (1h, — hy) + CP spp Ms teh) ss hy) ‘ av my x2 257 iy X 2257 Ay, To, = ee AY pot. Tea rnd. = Q Copyright reserved Please turn over :crear G AU, + B+ Gsge By Ut BR See a2 4+Uy + Hit ge Ee Gs: aly Us + Paty eS Wd kl 4Us + Pel 2 ay Copyright recervedCopyright reserved MARKING GUIDELINE higher education & training Department: Higher Education and Training REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA NATIONAL CERTIFICATE APRIL EXAMINATION POWER MACHINES N6é 34 March 2046 This marking guideline consists of 14 pages. Please turn overMARKING GUID: “ TSBO(E MET) POWER MACHINES NE = i480 = 286,44 kPo oO 12 y= VedN = 0,4 x 60/550 = 0,04364 m* m = PiVy = 104x 0.04364 = 0,05416 kg RT, 0,287x202 Vz = mRTy = 0,08416 x 0,267 x292 = 0.01574 m> 268,44 (6) 18 L=De Vex'= Ve = mUDz}.De 4 ely Dz = 274,63 mm 4) 14 oy Pos 2n (3) | aR, = 2813 sagen aff 28844 a = BB rica (2) | | ; 104 = 95,69 KH (4) Preg = few ” _ 95,69 i 0,88 = 108,74." 7 120} i Copyright reserved Please turn ove:MARKING GUIDELINE. “3 POWER MACHINES Ne QUESTION 2 24 At 448°C shy = 188 kdlkg At 93.5°C shy = 302 kdike AL 1500KPa & 350°C thd = 3 148 ito m, (dy hy) 100 mM hi) 10 myxH, 5400(3148—188) 100 60032 000°“ = 83.25% Nan = 22 ty ~hy) im, x 2251 S.400(3148-188) 7 600%2.257 = 11,803 Ag. steandkg.. fuel 23 mh, ~h,) my $.400(392 600 = T8864 kg 24 At 1 500 kPa: hy = 845 k/kg and hig = 1945 kivkg bs Mf exh 845+ (0,9x 1945) 2.595,5 klk am, (hy ~ hy) “ny 5 400(2 595, 600 = 19831 5.bd Ike any = 92) 25 Qsuren = = 4972S Rlkg Copyright reserved THSSO(E MBIT @) (2) @) @) Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE ot 0B) POWER MACHINES N6 mC par (15 +1) x1,045 (210-24) 3109.92 kdke oO 27 Qu (Ks Teg) % Qecon = 7836 evap 19 85 eure Qruvoas Unaccounted 74 61:97 172,5 15,54 9,72 7,03 32.000 700) 6) QUESTION 3 34 Y= CplGy = 1/0,712 = 4.4 hoe 32 Copyright reserves 20] “iy =" 806,26 “8 LA 10a23('2) 3.674,83.4Pa 6) 806,26x5 000 3674.83 | 1097. @) Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE Ps POWER MACHINES Ne ( Sucve, -T) = 2x0,712 (1097 — 806,26) = 17, ~1097) T = 151,0LK Pape 35 nce 43774)" = isitof 8774 nro 8224) =. 615,62K 38 ase 5.100% 615,62 -.289 Copyright reserved (1097 = 806,26). «140 5101-1097) T1S50(E)(MS1)7 @) 2) @) 1 00% (a) (20) Please turn overMARKING GU QUESTION ¢ 44 Te Teow 90. ne Pe Ce Copyright reserved POWER MACHINES NE Gary (753-Te) | 100 (753-6275) 1 640.05.K Gs 3.000) =. |" 24 1584,85 kPa RIe Re 0,287 x640,05 158485 0.11591.m? 2. 000.Cp.(r, - Te)+ 0, 2 00031, 005(753 —640,05)-+ 607 = 480.2 mls m¥e Ce 1,2x0,11591 480,24 289,63 mm* ney (10) Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE 42 43 Copyright reserved POWER MACHINES NG 64 3000 $B ABK 154 Go-T,) 100 @=1) (640,05 —7,) 4, 100 (640,05 475,43) "7 500,2.K )2000cp(7, -7,)+c7 2 000x1.005(753 ~ 500,12) + 607, = 715,46.mis Roy y 0,287%500,12 600 0,23922.m1° THs50(\(M81)9 @) (2) [20] Please turn overQUESTION & 84 52 54 55 56 No P= Taane sees BP = 4687,07 ots Vyeoo= Copyright reservec: £ POWER MACHINES Né Py LACE @ 38x f= }s(0.26) w 4.687.074" BP = .x.100% ap 00 4687.07 86,5 5418,58.0F" 100% 4687.07 1030 44-200 3600 36.36% 2a 60 2aNnT 60, 399,63 kN mE, 1050 22x ——— x0,287(16 + 273) a AFG 8028706 + 27) 101,325 3151550" /min Y xLXNKE als F016) wSah 1235 381,063. min Peaso(eye ty? Please turn over 4) 2) (3) (3)MARKING GUIDELINE oe TiS50(EMMS1)T POWER MACHINES Ne Preheat 100% = SIS 5 any 381,068 = 82.70% (2) (20) QUESTION ¢ 64 Ussen ai,= 25] —— 9, = 30 Boye Ae — é 5 g z 6 | ent = 18,4 om fe i= 17" oi = 30" ee le,» c00,z 1. em oft,= 18 om (10) 62 624 U=3x36,5=110 ms @) 822 P=mu.CwT=1 x 110 (660,65 + 293,6) =98,37 KW 8) 623 auc, «100% " Caiy 2 BINDS +233.0). 46 300 = 78,69% @) Copyright reserved Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE ic ; POWER MACHINES N6 SEMEL Fanal = mits = City: + (Clie = Ges) = 16.41 -5) +(4,8- 4,7) = 22,27N @) (29) QUESTION 7 7.1 Ideal C.0.P = 7,216 Actual C.0.P = nx C.0.P 54,6 1102 hs seat erentatas W(kulka) = 0, 9023 7,216 = 6511 @) 4 720 Gop eect C.0.P = (he— hy) = hy 6,514 = (479-hi) = ha 110, 2 318,762 + 110, 2= hy + 6,51 ths 23228-8698 hy = 429.9 kikg hy = hit Xa(fhe ha) be bobs “aera~s1e m6 bie 6 Copyright reserved Please turn over(8190046) 6 T1310(6)(AQ)T QUESTION 6 A velocity compounded impulse turbine has two rows of moving blades with @ row of fixed blades between them. The nozzle delivers steam at 680 mis and at an angle of 17° with the plane of rotation of the wheel. The first row of moving blades has an outlet angle of 18° and the second row has an outlst angle of 36°. ‘The row of fixed blades has an outlet angle of 22°. The mean radius of the blade wheel is 155 mm and it fowtes at 4000 min. The steam flow rate is 80 kglmin and its velocity is reduced by 10% over all the blades, 64 Use a scale of 1 mm = 5 ms and construct velocity diagrams for thé-turbine and indicate the lengths of all the lines as well as the magnitude on the diagrams. 6.2 _ Determine the following from the velocity diagrams: 6.2.1 The axial thrust on the shaft in N 62.2 The ‘otal force applied on the blades. in theigirecion.of the whoo!” inN 4 isan” eS 6.2.3 The power developed by thectlitbine lik 23s 6.2.4 The blading efficiency 6.2.5 QUESTION 7 in an ammonia vapour éofipression refrigerator, the pressure in the evaporator is 276 kPa and the ammonia atjentry ‘tothe evaporator is 0,12 dry while at the exit is 0,91 dry. During ¢ompression the, work done per kg of ammonia is 170 kJ. ‘The tate of ammonia clrculation is 5,6:kg/min: 7A The actual coefficient of performance (COP) 7.2 The volume of vapour entering the compressor per minute 7.8 The diameter of the cylinder and stroke if the stroke and the diameter are the same. TOTAL: Copyright reserved” (10) 2) 2) (C2) (3) a) [20] 6) (7) (7) [20] 100(8190046) a POWER MACHINES N6 FORMULA SHEET Any applicable formula may also be used. GENERAL Pig = RT, R=Cp-cr "sm. Cy. AT Q=Au+Wa asemn{ orn “b--cp. 8 i Asem.Gr. 2 B SH Sp +135 tg + LP tow 15) oping resewed Tisto(eyAgyT Pisase tum over(8190046) 2 GENERAL ete * Ogg = 1941) Shy + 2h Voy = Tras = hig + aly P. Vue = AV; ws FAV ‘THOVOCE\(AQ)T Different formutae for work done (Wa) = PXAV =AYIn 7 oY = Pa¥y nant Copyright reserved’ Ploase tii svar(8190048) GENERAL Different formulae for work done (Wa) = area of PV-diagram = work done first stage + work done second stage +... Wal yyy = Way ~ Wal Waren = Quen T3118 KAQIT Different formulae for air standard efficiencies (ASE) ye heat added Different volumetric efficiencies, Oy By Swe von = Velie? free air Swepriiglumg” a ¥, AGy Copyright reserved Please turn over(8190046) 4 TSIO(EVAgT GENERAL Different thermal efficiencies, Overn Wat “heat supplied fescue Pee ren CY. a Ni lr _ etm EP ‘team, = els =) her ny xCV xCV Tec nticated efficiency ratio. nthe ASE Brake efficiency ratio = ovate term, ¢ ASE Pom.U.AVw Fy =m.AVy * Copyright reserved Please tum over oi(6190046) 5 THSHO(E YARN GENERAL C. = 42x10 (iy — hig) + CP Cp = X10 (y= ha) + CF C= 2x10 xc, G-%)+ CP Copyright reserved Please turn over"(8190046) eam =I haus p¥ a 82, +0, + AY, th tas ct g2y U2 + PV, ++ Wd © Copyright reserved TISTOKE)(AQ)T(MARKING GUIDELINE T1280(E\Aa)T 12 POWER MACHINES Ne QUESTION 4 Incomplete intercooling: mT pa, Boh 1 Ps mars mar IG) 4] ad _ asano 28818017 36 szateo geexaeoy 600.2% pane Ug) Cree Wage) ~ 1 36,5778 +8, 76 = 15,338 kW Pepe Preg= 22" = 18,04 kW (7) 1.2 Vv. 0,006 = 1,17809 x d® d=0,172m = 172 mm ” aco, 18 Te=T; 301 (22%)5" = 406.4 K Qyg= TE 4 mov (TT) & Cv = Cp—Re1,005 -0,288 = 0,717 kuikg.K a (s01—406.8) 340/757(4964~202) Ox Er 6324 + 0,472 = -0,1604 kd (6). =—==130)" Please futfzaver=higher education & training Department: Higher Education and Training REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA Copyright reserved MARKING GUIDELINE NATIONAL CERTIFICATE APRIL EXAMINATION POWER MACHINES N6 2 APRIL 2015 This marking guideline consists of 10 pages. Please tum overMARKING GUIDELINE T1280(E)(A2)T POWER MACHINES Ne QUESTION 2 2.1 From steam table: @ $000 kPa: hf = 1 008 ku/kg fg = 1794 ku/kg he = 184kJ /kg he = 741 kd /ke hs = 2 858 kd/kg hy = hf 4xhfg = 1 008 40,98 x 1794 = 2766 kd/kg Qee = ms (he ~ he) = 9, 5 (741 -184) = 5 291, 5 kd Gy = ms (hy~ he) = 9.5 (2 766 — 741) = 19 237 kd Qah = ms (hy —hy) = 9,5 (2 858 - 2766) = 874 kJ Qg, = ma.Cp. At = 20 x1,005 x (150 ~ 15) = 2713 kd (10) 22 = me hehe fet ra ae 5.8.(2066-205) ~ 1s 3800, = 79;88% a) Heat to flues = heat Supplied -Heat absorbed, mx Cp x dt =CV — Ms (he = he) + ma XCp4xAta =31 800 -9,5 (2858 ~ 184) +20 x 1,005 x 15 5651 21x 1,045 (torn -15) tox 415 = 320,24 °C (6) [20) Copyright reserved “Please tariMARKING GUIDELINE ode POWER MACHINES NE QUESTION 3 at = 0,00636 m* 3.3 34 Copiyright reserved 5 Vs 4Ve = 0, 00636 +40, 00041 = 0,00677 m* Vs=Vo+ SVs = 0,00041 + -x.9,00636 50 = 0,00092 m* 0.00677) $28 Pa=Pa((5)”" = 400 (Coe) i =8147,13 kPa P, = Pal = 147,13 (es 4698 116,62 kPa 77 pave-pava | pova-pa rt WD/Cycle = P2(Vs—Vz) + 547,13 900072 —400 = 0.00677 = 5147, 13 (0, 00092-0, 00041) + 2 5147.13 x 0,00041 ~ 116 ,82 x 0,00677 038 = 2,625 + 7,2406 -3,76986 .WD/Cyele = 096 KI IP = WD /Gycle x Cycle/second ‘0 = 6,096 x x4 34,11 KW T12BO{E\ARIT (a) (3) (4) (6) (4) [20] Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE 5 T1280 (EKA2)T POWER MACHINES N6- QUESTION 4 44 AIP) = 86 44,2= 11,8 kW AIP, = 86-44 =12kW AIPs = 56 ~43,9= 12,1 kW AIPy = 86-44,3=11,7 kW AIP, = 56-44) = 11,9 kW AIPs 56 ~ 43,7 = 12,3 kW AIP Total = 71,8 kW x 100% 35x 100% = 77,99% 7 42 m/min = s2ex7s S282 728 0,311 kg /min @) $8 Moan /min = my /min x (AF +1) = 0,311 x (15,2 + 1) = 5,038 kg/min @) 4 Qoxh = MeynX Cpx AT = 5,038 x 1, 1 (400 ~ 18) = 2116,97 kd/min 2 45 Qy=my-Cpy. AT = 34 x 4,187 x 38 = 5409,6 ku/min (2) 46 Heat gained ((kJimin} [__ Heat supplied (ai/min) Percentage = myx Cv BP = 56x60=3360 [25,72 QW 5 409.6 41,41 = 0,811 x 42000 Qun = 211697 [1621 Unaccounted _=2 175,45 | 16,65 =13062 TOTAL = 13.062 190) 6) [20] ” Copyright reserved Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE 6 - POWER MACHINES NE QUESTION 5 5.i (superheated tables) hy = 2 926 Ku/kg @ 1500 kPa and 250 °C Ce =/2000(h1- he) soo? shy heatsS = 8? i25 iig hee hy= 125 = 2925-125 =2 800 kulkg hg = 2768 ki/kg @ 820 kPa he =hg + CP (tuup ts) 25°C toup = ts + 12,51 (te=171,4°C @ 820 kPa) = 171,4 412, 5 =183,9 °C (cat 24 (gsc Fe ‘Bi Vsup 2479 m*/keg = 0,002479 m? 479 mm? 479 = * De® «Do = 56,181 mm Copyright reserved T12BO(e\AQ)T (6) Please turn overMARKING GUIDELINE 7. Tr280(E\(A2)T POWER MACHINES Ne 8:3 Xe! = 0, 9896, Xe 0,94 aXe 0,95 Ve = Xox Vg 0,9 x 0,6 684 = 0,635 m/kg (72, 2)?= 4094, 185 mm? 800,7kJ/kg 925 — 300,7 = 2624,3 ku/kg , 6 684, P = 270 kPa) (bf = 546kd /kg, hig = 2 174 k/kg @ 270 kPa) has hf + xhfg = 546 + 0,95 (2 174) = 2611,3 kWkg Cy =/2000ChI — 3) =,/(2000(2925 — 2614,3) 008,4 x 10° m? = 4008,4 mm? (8) [20} Copyright reserved Please turn overi - i 2 ; : g : eee acess ts EeePC ECE eee a z 2 a @ Z ' t = 6 es # = 3 a oe ¥ * gd 2 3 & ey 3 § 2 ; 3 a z 3 g E 3 s 5 - 3 SG 6MARKING GUIDELINE 2 11 280(6)(A2)T POWER MACHINES N6 2 Uewe gsuisst0? — 64,9 mis Cos = KCris= 0,9 x 120 = 108 mm also Creg=kCrig=0, 9 x 74 = 66,6 mm Caig= kCae; = 0, 9 x 96 = 85,5 mm 6.214 Frri=m(A Cli—- SCfo) 6.22 623 P= Frank = 2240 x 64,9 = 145,38 KW 6.2.4 264.9(30754-505) 650 50,1% 6.2: U= 64,9 mis a (6x2) (40) [20} Copyright reserved Please turn over,MARKING GUIDELINE -10- TH2BO(E\(A2IT POWER MACHINES Ne QUESTION 7 7.4 Refrigerating effect = (q;—q 2) x hig = (0,91 ~0,12)x 1 340 = 1 058,6 ki/kg | COP = Refrigerating offect Work done = 1088e ="n0 i = 6,23 6) 72 Volume at suction = 0, 44 x 5,6 x 0,91 | 242 m/min . ‘olume at suctior Volumettic efficiancy 2242 0,8 = 2,803 m/min a) 7.3 Volume/stroke = Volume of compressor Revs per minute | = 2,803 = 0,02 336 m® | 120 | i Volume /stroke= =! ; L=p ' 0,02996 = =e i #D® = 0,029741 i | D = ¥o02s7a1 j D=0,31m= 310mm a) | [20] TOTAL: — 100 ‘Copyright reserved18190085: POWER MACHINES Né TIME: 3 HOURS MARKS: 400 INSTRUCTIONS-AND INFORMATION 7 AnswetANY FIVE questions: 2 Read:ALt the questions carefully. Number the answers according to the,nu paper i 3. ‘Write neatly and legibly.(8190046) “o T1320()\N18)T Answer any FIVE questions QUESTION 1 A gas turbine engine working on the constant pressure cycle has 2 compression adiabatic efficiency of 85%.The ambient air pressure and temperature is 103.4 kPa and 288 K respectively, the actual air temperature after compression is 615 K. 843 kd of heat is added per kilogram of air per cycle during combustion. Expansion adiabatic efficiency is 82%, Take gamma as 1,4 and Cp as 1 kikg.K. Calculate the following: 1.1 The actual and adiabatic temperatures. 1.2 The highest pressure in the cycle 1.3 ‘The compression and expansion indexes 1.4 The heat lost during constant pressure hi cycle, jam of ai per QUESTION 2 L ‘A 4 cylinder, 4 stroke petro! engindas Wgjed opgProny brake. The brake arm was 1067 mm long and a masggof 15 My b the brake at 2 000 rimin. The mechanical efficiency at thjst Wend the brake thermal efficiency was 25%. The alr-fuel ratio w lorfic valtie of the fuel was 44 200 kikg. ust gas was 1, 05 kdikg.K with an exhaust gas the cooling system was the same as the heat eg = 10 mis, i Inne fe indicated power in kW 2, may, of fuel used per minute 23 he 'S of exhaust gases in kg/min as well as the heat to exhaust gases in 2.4 The heat supplied by the fuel per minule and express this as a percentage by tabulating a complete heat balance (9) (3) (6) (2) (20) (8) (4) (4) (8) [20]{g190048) 4 T1320(E)(N18)T QUESTION 3 A velocity compounded steam turbine has blading designed in such a way that the discharge steam would flow axially from the last row of moving blades, The last stage consisting of two rows of moving blades separated by a fixed blade row has moving blade tip angles of 30° throughout. The blade speed, the nozzle angle and the fixed blade angles are designed for a nozzle discharge velocity of 500 m/s. The relative velocity of steam to blades is assumed to reduce by 10% over blading. 3.4 Use a length of 3 om for the average blade Speed to diagrams for the turbine. Indicate all the lengths as well as. all the angles on the diagrams and calculate the fr diagrams, (10) « 3.2 Determine from the velocity diagrams: 3.24 The blade speed in mis (1) 3.2.2 The fixed inlet angle of the t sti (1) 3.2.3 Tha inlet flow velocitygPthe Wen a 3.24 The exit relativavetitytygPthe setthtd stage (4) 3.2.5 - The powegdevelot fam of steam (3) 3.26 — Thebk jen (3) [20] QUESTION 4 A threes P reciprocating air compressor-has a low pressure oylinder of 45 g00 mm stroke. The olearance volume of the lowepressure cyl {he swpt volume. Intake conditions are 100 kPa and 18 °C. The final di 1 500 kPa. Intermediate pressures are ideal and intercooling is pei Btession and expansion index can be taken as 1,3 throughout, Take kg. Determine the following: 4.4 The Intermediate pressures 6) 4.2 The effective swept volume of the low pressure cylinder (6) 4,3 The temperature and volume of air delivered per stroke at 1 500 kPa 6) 4.4 The work done per kg of air 6) (20)(8190046) ~5 T1320(6)(N18)T QUESTION 5 A gas expands in a convergent — divergent nozzle from 500 KPa to 143 kPa. The initial temperature is 537 °C and the adiabatic efficiency of the nozzle is 92%. Assume that all losses take place after the throat of the nozzle, Take gamma = 4, 4 R = 0,288 kd/kg.K and Cp = 4,008 kd/kg.K Calculate the following: 51 ‘The pressure and the temperature at the throat of the nozzle 5.2 The specific volume in m® per kg of gas, the velocity in migantathe dfea mm? per kg of gas at the throat of the nozzle 5.3 The adiabatic and actual temperatures at the exit of fhe 5.4 The specific volume in m* per kg of gas, the ly \d the area in mm? per kg of gas at the exit of the nozzle QUESTION 6 fator and superheator, The produces steam at 2 500 kPa he plant produces 70 200 kg of specific heat of 2,75 kJ/kg. The ter has a temperature of 32,9 °C. The \d to the evaporator is 21 287 kulkg of fuel at the chimney base are 100 kPa and 250 °C We is 25 °C. The fuel contains 4% of hydrogen *¥¥ and the specific heat capacities of the Water is Is 1,045 kJ/kg. K, A coal fired boiler plant consists of a calorific value of the coal is 32,5 and there is no pressure drop in 1 steam per hour with a tempe| Hithalpy of the superheated steam and the plant efficiency jc enthalpy of the water entering the evaporator, its temperature tables in °C and the dryness factor of the steam leaving the 6.3 The heat jost to the moisture in the flues in kd/kg of fuel » 64 The heat lost to the dry flues in kJ/kg of fuel 6.5 ‘The percentage unaccounted heat lost by tabulating a heat balance in kJ/kg (4) (6) (4) (8) [20] 6)(8190046) -6- T1320(8\.N18)T QUESTION 7 A Vapour compression reftigerator uses ammonia as a cooling agent and operate between temperatures of -12 °C and 30 °C. The ammonia is cry soxrater the end Gr (gentle compression and salurated liquid at the outlet from the eendene (No undercooling).The following data is supplied: Heat after compression = 1468, 9 kiikg Heat after condensation = 323, 1 kiikg Liquid heat at evaporator pressure = 126, 2kWikg Latent heat at evaporator pressure = 1304, 3 ku Entropy of dry vapour at condenser pressure = Entropy of liquid at evaporator pressure 7 Entropy of dry vapour at evaporator pressure 7.4 Sketch the P-H and TS diagrams of he given values 72 Calculate: 724 7.2.2 rodtice 1 000 kg of ice at 0 °C in 24 hours 2 the specific heat capacity of water as the latent heat of fusion as 327 kJ/kg. TOTAL; (5) 0] (8) [20] 100(8190046) “T T1320(E\N18)T POWER MACHINES No FORMULA SHEET Any applicable formule may also be used, ENGLISH AFRIKAANS PVec PY" =c ie PV’ =o Q=AU+Wa Q=AU + Ay orn des m.Cp Inge Asam zing g Q=m.Cp.aT Q=m.Cv.AT Suy 5, Opn Sg =5,~S, Sa Sp FAS Igy = hg + CD (bow) woe(8190046) ENGLISH Iiyy = hy + hy Vgg = 30 rs P= [RRP Ip ed A T1S2(E\NI8)T AFRIKAANS digg = hy + yy Different formulae for work done (Wd)(8190046) 8 11320(E)(N18)T ENGLISH GENERA AFRIKAANS Different formelae for Verskillende formules work done (Wd) vir arbeid verrig (Av) = area of PV-diagram = area van PV-diagram = work done first stage = arbeid verrig eerste + work done second stadium + arbeid ver- stage + rig tweede stadium + Wiyay = Wa, -Wa, Wen = Quen, Different formulae for air standard efficien- cles (ASE) heat added ~ heat rejected a eat added vara oegvveg~ wale afertaan | ware ego Different volunetge Verskillende volumetriese rendemente, Op) _ Yelume lug ingeneem ‘Slagvolune _ Volume vrylig Slagvolune = 2h ae 1_ (8190046) -10- T1320(E(N18)T ENGLISH GENERAL AFRIKAANS Different thermal Verskillende termiese efficiencies, Open, rendement, Ory, -__Wa = _Av heat supplied “ warmte toegevoeg } CHER Ee =D Make ther. imax OP nT BP Dag lind. therm, = ye OF Mind. term, = Mherm, = mis hw) Indicated efficiency ratio _ Mind. therm, mg XCV | Bat 2% neg waa | San 2 | "Inech, P | ASE : \ Brake efficiency ratio Remrendementverhouding | < Tovate thr, _ Tren. tem, ASE ISR IN IN = ln RD =24 — Pan 60 BP = Frrote mean LA RD = Pry gem, LANE IP=P, Tn. mean ES a | D=m.U.AVw yt Fry, =m AV |(6180046) 5 T1320(E)N18yr ENGLISH GENERAL AFRIKAANS _2.U Aw eS aya = 2x10 (=A +e © =Y2x10 (=) 4 CP, C.=y2x10xC, ty — hy) my 2.257 Avy hyo, = Aee. Apo ni Av rant, => Q e arty sas Lage 8h ++ A+ LtO= Bat + A+ 7 12> no 7 G 82 +Uy +P, +4 wa 822 +Un + PV, +2 + byhigher education & trainin Department: Higher Education and Training REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA MARKING GUIDELINE NATIONAL CERTIFICATE NOVEMBER EXAMINATION POWER MACHINES N6 18 NOVEMBER 2014 This marking guldeline consists of 14 pages.MARKING GUIDELINE 2 ‘T1390(E)(N18)T - POWER MACHINES N6- QUESTION 4 14 theonp = B= x 100% P(kKPa 0,85 =e PoPs _T; Ta * 480, 95 kPa I Qe.9= mCp (Ts-Ta) | 643 =1 x 1 ((Ts~ 515) PrP Ts = 1168 K - eee Gon Ve V4 = 103, 40225) P2= Ps = 622,3kPa i rs Tests 7 = 1158 ES )« Ts = 777,06 K 1.2 P2= P3=622,3 kPaMARKING GUIDELINE 1.4 “3 POWER MACHINES Ne = 5 622,35 BS = In Si = in (BB) ne 11,7882 = In(6,0184)"se" net) 4) In 6,0184 sae 71-48 nase 706 sag. In 103,4- = In (28) ne = Grd ye 0,3989 ne = 1,7948 ne - 1, 7948 ne =1,29 1.2 Quy =mCp(Ts-Ta) = 1x 1 (288 ~ 777, 06) =~ 489, 06 kJ/kg TIS9O(E\(NI8)T (Gye (2) [20]MARKING GUIDELINE 4 POWER MACHINES N6 QUESTION 2 24 Bp = 2aNt oo = 2x 200051067 215 et 0 = 33,62 Kw zp amesh IP= 352 08 = 41,9 kW 22 8TH = ae X 100% 0.25 = 8 44200 = af m =.0, 00303 kg/s m = 0, 00303 x:60 kg/ min m= -=0, 182 kg/min 23 Memaut=mfx20 = A/F ratio= 19:4 = 0,182 x 20 = 3, 64 kg/min Qoxhausi = Mexhaust X CPexh XAT = 3, 64x 1, 05 x 520 = 1 987, 44 kJ/min T1390(E)(N18)T (6) (4) (4)MARKING GUIDELINE 24 TISS0(E\(NI8)T 5 POWER MACHINES N6é Heat Balance Table Q fuel (kW/min) Qin (ki/miny ‘% Supplied fx Cy BP = 33,52 x60 2011,2 26 182 x 44200 8044,4 kJ/min Friction = (IP -BP) = (41,9 33,52) x60 | 502,8 6,25 Coolant, 1987,44 [24,74 | Exhaust 1987.44 [24,74 Remainder 1555,52 | 19,34 8044.4 Total 8044.4 | 100 (@~ [20jMARKING GUIDELINE -6- TH990(E\(NI8)T POWER MACHINES N6 QUESTION 3 34 = £00 scale =| = 37,314 (10)MARKING GUIDELINE ° 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 te POWER MACHINES Ne U=3x37,3 = 112 mis aig = 24" Ctl = 2. om x 37,3 = 74,6 mis Cre * 3, 50m x 37,3 = 130, 6 mis P= mu(Cws + Cw) = 1x 112 (17,8 +6,4)x 37,3 = 101,09 kW n= 2u(Cw;+ Cw) Cai? TIOQEKNIA)T (1) (i) (1) (1) (3) (3) [20]MARKING GUIDELINE -6- T1a8O(E (N18) POWER MACHINES N6- QUESTION 4 P (kPa) + 1500=P, = Ps _| 6 4 HP. Po= Pe 16 3 Ip Pp =P7 2 7 LP i 100=P=P8 L 4 T= 291K ' ' <—~Ve =V;-Ve-—} Va Vm) a4 = «fee fie _ k= of = eee = 2,406 k =F. Pp. 2,466 x 100 Pa k = 246, 6 kPa FE + Pox 2,466 x 246, 6 = 608, 12 kPa ()MARKING GUIDELINE 9. POWER MACHINES N6 42 2Ve1=5 xl = § (0.45)? x 0,3 = 0,0477 m> Vor «0.05.Vs} = 0, 05 x 0, 0477 = 0, 00239 m? V4 = Vey + Vy , 05. Vii + V5; = 1.05 Vey V4 = 1, 05 x 0, 0477 = 0, 0504 m* Vo= Vr (2) 0, 00239 ( 2,466 jas = 0, 00479 m* + Ver=Vi-Ve = 0, 0601 ~ 0, 00479 = 0, 04531 m> 43) 487 #Ta=T = T1DE oa = 291(2,466)3 = 358, 39 K 44g aWy= SEER [be 1] at we 2x Mdx fe 029x291 ot oe ase 1] = 254, 08 kJ/kg T1390(E\INI8)T (8) (8) (5) [20]MARKING GUIDELINE -10- POWER MACHINES N6 QUESTION 5 54 500 zee = 264, 14 kPa Torts (F) = 810(5) = 675K 5.2 Vest = S2eaE 0, 7359 mIKg Co = f2000.CAFI=Te) Co = ,/2000x1,008(810— 675) Co = 521,69 m/s = Be = ROMP = 0.00141 mg =1 410 mm%kg ce sabe? ot cause 5.3 T=TIGD? = 8105 = 566,45 K ne ta=tenas | "0:02 = Te = 585,03 K Re = agensnes 144801 m°/kg 54. Ve Pe 288 C2 = 2000Cp(T1—T2) = y 20002x1,008(610 — 585,93) + C2= 672, 10 mis Ag = BE = BAS = 0.00268 m'hkg or = 2680 mmkg TISSOEKN 18) (4) (6) (a) (6) [20]MARKING GUIDELINE sit T1380(EXN18)T POWER MACHINES N6 a QUESTION 6 he ~ he = 261 kg hb ~ he = 2365 kJ SH =4,2 ku Eros BOILER tb SUPERHEATER L 250°C 100 kPa 300°C. Cp = 1,045 kJ/kg K Cp = 2,75 kJikgiK m = 70 200 kg/h msikg of fuel = 702 = 9 kg he—he = = = 261k hy-he= 7. = 2.365 kd 61 @ 2 000 kPa and 300° C: he = 3025 kJikg @ 3 000 kPa and 300° C: h,= 2 995 kJikg 5 “= 30 kd/kg A 1000 kPa will decrease the enthalpy by 30 ki/kg A500 will decrease the enthalpy by 15 kJ/kg The superheat enthalpy at 2500 kPa will be 3025 — 18 = 3010 ku/kg = mathe ~he) —_ 70200(2010 ~ 42 x52,9) Thlen = arxer "ano saa500 = 79,53% 6)MARKING GUIDELINE 6.2 63 6.4 6.5 ~12- T1390(E)(N18)T POWER MACHINES Né- he~he = 264 he = 261 +he = 264 + 4,2 x 32,9 = 399 kJ/kg hy= 309 kJ/kg. te =95,2°C hy ~ he = 2365 hy = 2365 +h, = 2365 +399 = 2764 kulkg hy = hy xhig at 2500 KPa 2764 = 962 + 1839 x + X=0,98 (4) Heat lost to moisturise = My (h,— hy) = 9x 0.04 (2975 - 106) = 1033, 2 kik (NB .tkg of Hz requires 8 kg Q2 to form 9 kg HO) 3) Heat lost to dry flue gas = m .Cp. At = (18 + 1-0, 36) 1,045 (250 ~ 25) = 4382,7 kulkg (3) Heat supplied Heat to % Steam = 9(3010 138) = 25 848 | 79,53 % Mfx CV Moisture = 10332 |3,18.% = 32500 kd Dry flue gases =4382,7 | 13,49.% Radiation 12361 | 38% 32.500 | 100 % (5) [20]MARKING GUIDELINE ne T1390(E\(NI8)T POWER MACHINES N6- ene QUESTION 7 7 T P > =0,57 4984 S182 8 § he=126,2 ty aetaone 6) 7.2 7.24 TST, 112 4273 = 261 K | T2=Ts =30 +273 = 303K From T = S diagram From P~h diagram hy = hy + q.hig = 126, 2 + 0,895 x 1304, 3 = 1293, 55 kd/kg | enna) aa * COP in "aang 75.5633 7)MARKING GUIDELINE 7.2.2 162 POWER MACHINES NB 7.2.2 Qportgotice = hig + mxCp x At Refrigerating effect = Work done = 327 + 4 x 4,187 x (25 -0) = 431, 68 k/kg Qper'kglew x me = $84.68 x1990 2 x60 260 = 4,996 kJ/s = Rofelgoracing Rffest = 0,903 kw T1390(\N18)T (8) [20] TOTAL: 100higher education training Department: Higher Education. and Training REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA T1280(E)(J28)T AUGUST EXAMINATI NATIONAL CERT! POWER M 6 9 8 4 H| 2 00 (> of 8 pages and a formula sheet of 6 pages.(8190046) 2 T1280(E)(J28)T DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA NATIONAL CERTIFICATE POWER MACHINES N6 TIME: 3 HOURS MARKS: 100 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 4. Answer FIVE of the seven questions. NOTE: If you answer more than the required number of questigé onlyghe required number of questions will be marked. All work you di¬ be marked must be clearly crossed out. : 2. Read ALL the questions carefully. 3. Number the answers according to & tem used in this question paper. 2 J 4 Write neatly and legibly.