Measurement >The Measurement a guich am ack Y oesut eh G@mpousenbelwet 41 neq : G@mprousonbewen te quauhly ( where tude fs Untnoum) aud a predebured Standard. 4 F Bhack, measrment Us “the process whith ene Can Comunt Phacicat pascametins 0 pectin money J Measuromout “U Weawenghue with twe baat 9) uawetsty ta eAscubvally 4 feq Urreynoute o Accurately depued Standard aud commonly accepted GW) Apparatus ard method adopted must be provabls Yara surement > Advancement mm Measarement Progress Va pewalll to advencemowks im Sccence atad Saud icance 7 Oiscoverus Ye. as Wrement idated by vuidat Y SOREN YyWNCNO y ae a P Metts ef i Ti noe 0) Wieck Metrods moat ' eds AW winewn uautly (oie cated meaturavel) a derectly Compared agauut a Standargl We vet & expressed 24 © numerical number and & Uni The Bhandord, mh Jock, 2 = Prystial emboodnent” ob a Unite Example Measurement of length and tune Gi) Tadeo Motheds— Mecsrrvinat by derect mathady ane wet Alay Pomble , teauble od practcalle These metredt yrs a Ae coset ore chactusalt because toy aaaroline Cesar factors Try ore alto less Konstive. Hence altrect mettools one not Prehored curd are nate wed. Tidereet mettcod Limrolid © twlercenuersian of Suawrihen,Trotrumcnts aud meaturemont Systeme > Measurements Anvolie Ye use de wichuwents aa a physical meancel cllermmnunye qvantities CL Voruabler- * >The Muhumert Server as an extension ob Viena facutire’s ROME ava Woh to stern t ° Wr Galice of Unk nous Qluawtihy Or Vasuable wlids Wu unrated withument "i to Wwhowwahon a@beut tre blysial “balic proucae Weasured, " Vasiables be eat Ay Sto > Conditons cal Ssh - DF takertuvalily dajeuds upon mechanical GREE Louies mrdicahig > Some electncal secorders can quu full scale ponsc OD Seconds = Gatanonies can Follow % Vasiatons U8) Electronic Trstewmenti— > Nowedays yest of cle sceulire arret Waluataiel measurement Tepe vely fast sefoes Acchamicel aud electoical sys => w - wad clictieak Hayslems comnet Cope Up woitt, trese- We necenseby + Moeukonng Ye Hf We orden of me an mang owes us, Ihave bed £0 present day's chicbun ic) duclcae aaa Wu assocuctie Corcctinny Uses Semiconductor decucés which wees Ailicon as o PT muctewal - > Wdes clechen hor movement Rosfonse Fume of (Ve order of wert nanoseconds (167s) —> Amollur advantage % preamplifiers Cau detect tocar Signals aud are amplifted by ambiifce once ftghin Sensitiv ‘4 >t % wen, nportank 16 tre area of bic walumentaber Aurea bic-electre folenhalk are Uery Weak Lower Sham 4 me amaruae elickewic (vir patde Draue (Nea = tee ere eke Wa faster nesporm oe ee : he ae } \ fy haw vw) \ i c ' Aver Classification 6 , a fon Caleqonis GQ) Absolute ; : (1) Alosolute t \ a me oe ne quantty under ¢ \ a ee ss i Covstows «| Roles cusvont \atounrce KN) Secondary Trstrwuvonlt 5 ease sissies a nasal Hot Me quanaity bey yreartered Cov ony, be measured by oy te outhut ww dic ‘ by icbumend. These wisbuments Ore colibrratid by Comparison wilh an absluteg mnghruneng Anethn Secondary WAlwnot wluch thos already afore an abslute msbwnots _tx- Volhnetor, Prusrune gpuge beer Calcbiated hounemuter aud1 hue Deftechon a lugh — t |e mer cuferble Hah Sensihvity [for dynam sé 1 Geta Advantages Not alynamié magnitude ef Oxflectoh > ta easired oe e Signals Analog and oig\' Ton Windle numere Connnums Cashion avd bate on Si avalea siquals- dacre lod ony Guin hive are Cable 4 pete BV vary In constrast Ory Linke Uijuent Vals a gute rage arn SHnals. CalledNall Tybe- 22 my Hue ae ty ; rybe wo OF null (Wekecahon Laadste daferminah. on magnitcde of, weasured quouthp and +Hhe nut hi ' coredehon, depends on some other condihons. in tentkontt + deflection Hype ef, ebuuments, c& WoUll fy poe Kuteable appl ahon of an Ch t opposing Hot gevaraltat Bean Gkembo —e iawn The fection at tere "4 pperahon tre following Ex > measurand Te Slufe wie of potentrometon has ban calipratect 3 terme & wih he hitb of Aravdarsd em Se aa ( By = Eap | =n null condshon No current through gaivanomsherDeflection avd null >yPe \nsbrumovts ~ _ Defechon Tybe= Wee Ge torque develepet @ Fg det ped Under palance cond her Gur = ke = (ye | eo slay? | Tw id defection aye wnthumont, the value of wie depends upon Calibeation ol wichument + ascureck GuanttyAbblicchows of measwement Syslins- > Delailet Mudy of me Appl peace ee * dob ey ubeuwonre ead Aysions and Wr chonractarishes fequire +e dercussion of verrous ways te whack wislument? ate put +o ude. ¢ of processes and operons () Monrtorng X of cadiong (ii) Control of processes aud ongenrcerng avalysc, Gv) coe Mar {) Mondiouig of prrcesses aud _operrhoni- > Wany arcas 4 a eee)... aera e | a ) Peo ewe moniteurg, puree . cametas no conhnling function 7 ony momroring of paramcte P ng See Pnmiba, Vothnetn . nergy yc A of Ws > Automatica Bae ©) ¢ a a { f HAL ol Actuator] _] nf. i ‘ 4 | rolled. | femal | quourhty | I~ I Meany |e | = 4 Ipuumord ] frentducon (rentducer | stem ~ Combaratos compares mpuk with output - Transducer Comuett the non elichical quantty by the elechrert q one, ve actuator products pou to a AC, Repugerators ( Thermostats ) Nive Covifwlled Cerce eeExbeumoutal Engerering Av fAnalys4 - ~ For goluction of es ble Problems Hneoretical and 4 xperimoutat Metrod& are ayou many u neg cand AoME ate’ 4 ng tie Validate of Aneoretrcad predictions (i) Fernutetions of ne prepen i Delerminaton of widrets OY) Develebment i smbortant sphere of Study lathonslups cart He futh » ralied empirical) sulahonslips in Cases porehial packing exits sametirs, Verabla and perfonnana Punchow! ¢ v We meaauraid VU Measured th immediatly converting ihe mesaurand to amatogous clechiicaf Siqual with heth of, framadiuceas delector +rausducer + i b- eutput brow pmrnang 4 sug clomont g wal ch any 4 qual ch 4 foun. dt may be a vollaze s trical pasate . 3 4 res muected mn form acceplable Br je Mier icn elomeuk vasuahte Conwersion etemertty Vetuahle vw Funchon “4 soten nes of Avo rw othe OY | numericad ualeee of THe havge tn Non edulation of iHeona eo cm Squall clement ave physically data from ev lowevl— v are 4 th banat necessary, becomes AU stquals to spre shationg Jems wang, sade signed arto pe Mraudeled Syhormation control aud mahrunent for monitoring, ine percen havdelang ‘ lyscs [purposes dis Joy dower are mon stored Ui cud “case dda YW Vv tor Gov oO uv or contol and analyics purbose mucroproauo® We Utednv" entM neve Mid kunt wpe M bya Matikyuitg WApUER PMA" Cause Chawgc us aesuced nubs OF mer jerMeaserremont of diffrrenhat pressure oy a U- Ube manometirn Ub vu ude mercury The pressurer applet at tie tarp a U-bibe ae P, cand P,. The Afterenbhat Pressuce A gun by following ¢ xpreasion p= Pi-P2 = (Pm- Fr) ghd P= £n or jt ere inputs h — output Rn 4 Paladry euctpul COL input hen his notzere ee if °,=', fren Boe buteglicere are jcueet | 7" eucn if 0 =f repens hfo acceleration oud due +o and hance wibeheruing, unipee acceberotion 4fe ctor and € Us applied fo Caichleuer , d force oR 1 ch ur Wun produces a MONAT wn Gauge. vse Vv Frequency WG put ei power bres = Modaty Voltage ¢ seborhonaldy factor betu preferhonalty, § output e, and aldo betwen terfervy emp) ind output e- aes descret earvection for wlerebouw wade wulaty] Seetace ue Ufects 4 witerst i ub Mitteds are ayalable at desman Lait, trod af, unenewt maenshulfy - oles are Likgvad £0 Lat Mts ane Le rps and are mienaitwe to ee terol, invades ; par Ty Gz ant Gua ooSoiF a Gendback ayetn iy ates, Aged wrth a salut ch sutbut On account of medifuina|yeutred Fequees re Kmoulidge ef Magratude nd [or modify enpuke cmd ui dpcbes tia OS aces Inpur abfect= alto se mathamateat Lemp: on scale Length ang dency vf Wao while Cateuletay tre bt comperseitaa ( fultering Loi vrenannule Method of gual Rich rewod wo beted! upon | ihemdae chen 4 biti 9 estrumonte measure jern Ks we passage unwanttd signals m Such a outpur on account of eluiminataA 07 4 Covecdascebly Leltos lec spurreic Angualk A “reduces| . “ne input Stage ininduced at odehying STERRD anu Tenens rpat hy 4 Piers have te pass the desired inpulr aud shroutd rot afhect > sinem at allpee ee pre tv witruments aheon To dee Vibrahi 3 37 polaron mount i { % stuclidy ‘| eS mae fic Lewbas Sawngauye t comb With RC re x 4 gle Straw gauge prude C oudbut fritenii¢ muctted, 2aburement Aysteim Cone Hae descr ren (aba frequency interferug signal. A lew pare Re felt chonadlerishe at Shown blero go WA Low pass full Chasacensh¢ Frequency t(3- ; a) tr Arpacduced i ¢ great, atenne pean aati? Whe ok ona b time t Shaw Gauge U Shraum gauge Aguat o serferiny 6 afte fulenty Ss Metis ol élposin SUTHotinnetivedacs mca Lees Brmliar to caterlalet eetbut Corrections > Tn We MM dine meaturementsytiom te be Acsianot Ato eg Mmeasuenout Ayshem lie. designed frat output, Carseat lg Apwrcevis See be opposed Noy custputs Prcduced jy comboniud 4 Cally LULU WD tae austen Want exactly ACL tive opposite Cancel out the outfits on accent TO Scat 7 et Conbider tre Measurement of alan wilh the hath of Poon gauge Wrage Terb vo mfecfering Input ard thee vs Rouge Ww putbut aise to chayge m Brew whieh tr ubtioately dive fe Chamge armborenk empi ; Sut poserg Ae et puscrtane ef achue omel © dug gouges cl yd OPp Mbechwly. Lyn ede ee er {put He bridge alread tee belanat qusrek Let R= Py=R av Hrchore tre bridge balance qual +O DP>+ New if +e ¢ five and ¥ eorruven ee ie es i ane idoukical te R= R,=-R om ‘got dawd i> Lame en ‘ Me envrorimonds as te OR, GNA 4werefore thee will ne temp