INTERNSHIP REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of

Bachelor of Engineering
In
Civil Engineering
Submitted to

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,

BELAGAVI-590018, KARNATAKA

Submitted By
Mr.Santosh.M.Kontikall
2KE20CV029 Mr.Tabraj.M.Nadaf
2KE21CV431 Mr.Prem.Naik
2KE20CV021 Mr.Manoj.V.N
2KE20CV014

Internship Coordinator

Prof. Shabarish V. Patil

Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

(NBA Accredited)

K.L.E. Society’s
K. L. E. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HUBBALLI-27
2023-24
 INTERNSHIP REPORT
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of

Bachelor of Engineering
In
Civil Engineering
Submitted to

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,

BELAGAVI-590018, KARNATAKA

Submitted By
Mr.Santosh.M.Kontikall
2KE20CV029 Mr.Tabraj.M.Nadaf
2KE21CV431 Mr.Prem.Naik
2KE20CV021 Mr.Manoj.V.N
2KE20CV014

Internship Coordinator

Prof. Shabarish V. Patil

Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

(NBA Accredited)

K.L.E. Society’s
K. L. E. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HUBBALLI-27
2023-24
 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI-
590018

K.L.E. Society’s
K. L. E. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HUBBALLI-27
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Santosh M Kontikall (2KE20CV029), Mr. Tabraj M Nadaf
(2KE21CV431), Mr. Prem B Naik (2KE20CV021), Mr. Manoj V N (2KE20CV014),
has satisfactorily completed an “INTERNSHIP” (18CVI85) prescribed by Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2022-23. The report has been
approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of internship work
prescribed for Bachelor of Engineering degree.

Prof. Shabarish V. Patil Dr. Rajashekhar S. Laddimath Dr. Sharad G. Joshi

Coordinator Head of the Department Principal

Name of The Examiners Signature with Date

1.

2.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our proud privilege and pleasure to acknowledge the kind help and
guidance received from several people in preparation for this Internship report. It would
not have been possible to prepare this report in this form without valuable suggestions, co-
operation, and guidance.

First and foremost, express my sincere thanks to Dr. Sharad G. Joshi,

Principal,and Dr. Manu.T.M, Dean Academics KLE Institute of Technology,
Hubballi for providing us with this opportunity and lending us constant support and
encouragement during our internship.
We are thankful to Dr. Rajashekhar S. Laddimath, H.O.D Civil Engineering
Department, for his timely support and advice.
We are thankful to Prof. Shabarish V. Patil, Assistant Professor, Civil
Engineering Department, for actively guiding us during our internship course as an
internal guide and providing a large platform for learning.
We are thankful to the ER. Amrut T. Meharwade Chairman and Managing
Director, Horizon Constructions for providing us with an internship opportunity.

We thank all those who directly or indirectly helped us with the completion of
this internship. Above all, we would like to thank the almighty for giving us the precious
guidance to complete the is Internship course successfully.
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CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

LIST OF FIGURES vii

CHAPTER1

COMPANY PROFILE 1
1.1 Vision and Mission 2
1.2 Service Offered by The Company 2
1.3 Quality Assurance 3
1.4 Safety measures 3

CHAPTER 2
BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT 4
2.1 Function 4
2.2 Roles and Responsibilities Construction Company 4

CHAPTER 3
TASKS PERFORMED
3.1 Site Details 10
3.2 Footing 13
3.3 Column 14
3.4 Drop wall 16
3.5 Plinth beam 16
3.6 Staircase 17
3.7 Roof Beam 20
3.8 Slab Concrete 20
3.9 Bar bending 20
3.10 Steel design 21
3.11 Test on fresh concrete 22

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CHAPTER 4
REFLECTION NOTE 40
4.1 Objectives of the engineering task that 1performed 40
4.2 Over all benefits gained from the internship 40
4.3 Communication skills development 41
4.4 Practical skills development 41
4.5 Upgrading theoretical knowledge 42
4.6 Leadership Skills development 42
4.7 Challenges faced during the internship and measurement taken For 44
Solution.

CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION 45

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List of Figures

Sl.no. Fig. No Name of the figure Page no.

1 3.1 Raju Meharwade residential building 10
2 3.2 Ground floor presentation plan 11
3 3.3 First Floor Interior Layout dwg 12
4 3.4 Center line Drawing 13
5 3.5 Placing of Column 14
6 3.6 column and footing details 15
7 3.7 Plinth beam 16
8 3.8 Pond curing 19
9 3.9 Center line drawing of staircase 21
10 3.10 Staircase 22
11 3.11 Bar bending at site 24
12 3.12 Steel details 26
13 3.13 Steel reinforcement 27
14 3.14 Laying of slab concrete by transit mixer 28
15 3.15 Slab Details 28

16 3.16 Slump Cone Procedure 29

17 3.17 Types of slumps 30
19 3.18 Task Performed 30
20 3.19 32
21 3.20 32
22 3.21 32
23 3.22 34
24 3.23 35

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CHAPTER 1
COMPANY PROFILE

Internship is a practical experience opportunity offered by companies to learn

practical aspects of professional work life which is very different from what we learn in
the classrooms. Since learning happens through education, exposure and experience,
internship provides us a taste of learning through exposure and experience.
There are many benefits of internship. When you work you learn. It can add
remarkable value to the student’s career. In an internship, the students are given the
chance to showcase their skills, talents, commitment, and value to a prospective
employer.
During site visit got the chance to explore and observe the construction of foundation,
footings, columns, slab, and other finishing works of the Residential Apartment
buildings.The name of the construction company is It is involved in building of complete
constructions or parts there of civil engineering.

1. COMPANY PROFILE

 COMPANY NAME: HORIZON CONSTRUCTIONS.

 COMPANY ESTABLISHED: The Company was started in the year 2016.

 MANAGING DIRECTOR: ER. AMRUT T. MEHARWADE.

 COMPANY’S EMAIL ADDRESS: [email protected]

 REGISTERED ADDRESS: # 204,2nd Floor, Swastik Central, Neeligin

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Road,Hubli- 580029. Current status of Horizon Construction is- Active.

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1.1 Vision and Mission

 Vision:

 HORIZON CONSTRUCTION: vision is to strengthen its construction

business by 1 upholding its rigid engineering & construction standards and by instantly
acting to the changing of projects complexity by adopting & implementing up to date
technology Experience and reputation are built on commitment and accomplishment to
the clients’ needs excellence.

 Mission:

 Our viewpoint is to meet beyond the expectations of our clients, associated

workforce through extended relationships through honesty, professionalism and
quality which is a necessity for success.

 To supply integrated services to clients, by adapting its capabilities, integrity,

quality, time value and sense of competitive challenging guided & empoweredby its
core values.
 Our long-term perception is seeking to build lasting relationships with our clientsand
partners by delivering the Projects on time, budget & quality, within an environment
of motivated employee focused on continuous improvement, highest &rigid
business standards, work ethic sand corporate citizenship, leading to added value for
our client and sustained return on investment to our shareholders.

1.2 Services offered by the company.

Company specializes in new construction, interior remodels, exterior remodels

and building maintenance for retail, offices, financial institutions, educational facilities,
warehouses. Examples of work completed at these facilities include creating innovative
offices, installing modular buildings, creating public greenways and parks, upgrading
interior and exterior for ADA compliance, and erecting metal building/canopies. Our in-
housework includes but is not limited to sidewalks, concrete pads and ramps, framing,
drywall, acoustical ceilings, wood trim work, doors, frames, locks, and pallet racking
systems. For work not completed in-house, we have an extensive list of qualified
contractors. Here are services offered:

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 Emergency Services
 Pre-construction Design and Estimating
 Construction Management
 Design/Build
 Construction Management
 Office Buildouts, Renovation and Expansion
 Remodeling
They can fast track your project and offer cost-saving solutions to meet your
budget goals. They encourage creating an eco-friendly and high-performance building to
save you money on building expenses for years to come.

1.3 QUALITYASSURANCE
 Skilled labors: its highly trained, educated.
 Good quality materials: The good qualities have already been tested for safety.
 Technical supervision: assistance and supervision related to the seller during
unpacking.
 Proper curing: increase durability strength, watertightness, abrasion
andresistance to freezing thawing.
 Proper shuttering: the term used for temporary timber, plywood metal or usedto
provide support to wet concrete mix till it gets strength for self-support.
 Completing project on time: part of being a web designer is dealing with
thereality that deadlines are a part of your job.

1.4 SAFETYMEASURES
Safety measures are very essential to be considered during construction. Safety
measures undertaken at construction site:
 Use of ladders: A ladder is a vertical or inclined set of rungs or step.
 Proper scaffolding: A temporary structure used to support a work crew and
material to aid in the construction.
 Insurance of workers: A commercial insurance policy that cover the legal
liability of employer to provide compensation to its workmen in case of their death or
accident. Safety helmets, shoes, jackets etc.
 First aid: it is the initial response and assistance to an accident situation.

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CHAPTER 2
BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

An owner is the person who owns the project and has full authority to control the
whole project. He is mainly involved in the process for supporting the financial matter
forthe construction project to go through easily. The team includes structural engineer,
architectural engineers, sanitary engineers, electrical engineers, and other experienced
engineers inother professions.

2.1 Functions
 Project design: From the very first step of the process, a lot of effort should be
dedicated to putting the project together, define its objectives and proceed with
theinitial planning. Based on this information, you can then proceed with choosing the
right contractor and the best building team available.

 Development of the project: During this stage of the process, solid

communication and collaboration between the numerous stakeholders are key. That
being, finding the right project management tools, using innovative materialsand keep
the whole team on the same page are some of the most substantial parameters when it
comes to the development of the project.

 Budget and delays: Managing the budget in the most efficient way possible
despite any delays is also fundamental.
 Completion of the project: After the completion of the project a review of the
whole process should be done. In that way, the management team can detect any
mistakes done during the process and make sure that won’t be repeated again. On top
of that, any disputes that might have emerged during the project can be solved after
examining its different aspects.

2.2 Rules and Responsibilities of a construction company

Owner: An owner is the person who owns the project and has full authority to control the
whole project. He is mainly involved in the process for supporting the financial matter
for

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the construction project to go through easily. He must pay forfees and charges associated
with the work. Besides, he must work together with architect and other consultants to
achieve the goal of the construction project.

 Design and supervision team: The team includes structural engineer,

architectural engineers, sanitary engineers, electrical engineers and other experienced
engineers in other professions. The design and supervision team are a team from the
consultant side which guide every work executed in that site and gives supervision for
the contractor based on the drawing and the specification (bill of quantity). This team
mostly comes to the site when there is amiss understanding on drawings, working
techniques, drawing detailing error, and for meeting between the three parties. The team
provides continuous service to the project from start to finish, establishing and
maintaining the quality and integrity of each design.
 Planner: The builder’s planner is responsible for selecting the most cost and time
effective method of carrying out the work, programming each activity of work ina
coordinate order to provide continuity of work primary for the builder’s operations
establishing labor and plant requirements providing details of site requirements such as
staffing and the proposed layout of the site.
 Structural Engineer: The responsibility of the Structural Engineer is to designthe
building structure, including the drainage installation. SE must co-ordinate their design to
meet the architect’s design and give advice to client on the most appropriate form of
structure for the building. Besides, he also supports cost advice to the Quantity Surveyor
involving to all aspects of the building structure.
 Project Manager: The project manager has so many responsibilities at the site and in our
site this position is accountable for the contractor or the owner and is appointed by the
owner of the construction company. The main duty of the manager is Manage the whole site
work execution, make payment to subcontract workers, approve material request, Analyses
the work processes, executes sub- contracting agreements, Reviews and checks the reports
made by the office engineer. It is also the responsibility of the Project Manager to secure
acceptance and approval of deliverables from the Project Sponsor and Stakeholders. The
Project Manager is responsible for communication, including status reporting,
riskmanagement, escalation of issues that cannot be resolved in the team, and, in

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general, making sure the project is delivered in budget, on schedule, and within
scope.

 Site Engineer: Site engineer shall be accountable for the following tasks and
responsibilities: Studying the work plan submitted by the contactor and suggests any
modifications. To watch and inspect the construction work and assure that it is done in
full accordance with the drawings, technical specifications, and bills of quantities.
Supervising the works on site in accordance with the contract documents and using the
template and procedure established by the consultant. Inspecting and testing materials
prior to their use at site as per sample approvedby the consultant and ensuring removal
of rejected material out from site. Ensuring the correct implementation of the works
according to technical specifications, to designs and quality of materials Checking of
layout and setting out of buildings with respect to existing structures and site levels.
Checking and testing of completed works before they are covered by the contractor,
taking photos on a regular basis and also on account of defective work. Ensuring that
health and safety measures are adopted and followed to the full extent. Prepare weekly
report and suggest and instruct additional safety measures if needed. Maintain a filing
system for all site memos and instructions, measured quantities of work and materials on
site, reports and other documents and correspondence pertaining to the construction
activities and maintain a site order book to be made available for the consultants and
senior officers to write comments or defects in construction noticed during site visits and
carrying out compliance at site.
 Construction Workers: Construction workers are different according to their
different fields. They are a very special breed of worker. They own their specific jobs,
duties, and responsibilities in the construction sites. They must follow the client to
achieve their functions.
 Forman: A Forman is the worker or tradesman who oversees a constructioncrew and is
a skilled supervisor who is responsible to work side by side with the project manager,
property owner, and other construction design engineers in order tocomplete a project in
a given time limit. His job is to employ the suitable workers on the various tasks to
complete the job and supervise all phases of the construction project from start to end or
supervise only a portion of the building process. Normally the foreman is a construction
worker with many years of experience in a particular trade who is charged with
organizing the overall construction of a particular project. Typically, the foreman
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is a person with specialist knowledge of a given trade who has moved into the position
and is now focused on an overall management of all trades rather than any specialized
group.A good foreman is the keystone of their projects since they control every work

project manager, site engineer etc. Forman also have a duty of motivating workers and
choosing good workers for every aspect of work.

 Surveyor: In any construction a surveyor is mandatory so, in our site the

surveyorworks starting from setting out to checking verticality, keeping the natural level
ofthe building, checking elevation of columns.
 Skilled and non-skilled persons: This group includes masons, carpenter, bar
benders and the daily laborers. In our country workers of such group are appointed only
by experience these have its own advantage on the constriction. They work everything as
they ordered by withier the Forman or the site engineer.

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CHAPTER 3
TASKS PERFORMED

Will try to describe activities and practices that were done by hosting company
during my internship time. During internship time the practical works started from
excavation to some superstructure work. used observation methods as well as participate
in all activities that have done in the site to achieve my task and to find out the practical
knowledge.
The site work was a very important task for me because the internship main
objective lies over here and gained much knowledge from the site like communication
skill, handling workers, management skill etc.

Table.No.3.1 Tasks Performed

Date Day Work Schedule

14-08-2023 Monday Office Visit
15-08-2023 Tuesday Site Visit
16-09-2023 Wednesday Site Visit
17-08-2023 Thursday Site Visit
18-08-2023 Friday Site Visit
19-08-2023 Saturday Office Visit
21-08-2023 Monday Site Visit
22-08-2023 Tuesday Site Visit
23-08-2023 Wednesday Site Visit
24-08-2023 Thursday Site Visit
25-08-2023 Friday Site Visit
26-08-2023 Saturday Office Visit
28-08-2023 Monday Site Visit
29-08-2023 Tuesday Site Visit
30-08-2023 Wednesday Site Visit
31-08-2023 Thursday Site Visit
01-09-2023 Friday Site Visit

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02-09-2023 Saturday Site Visit

03-09-2023 Monday Site Visit
04-09-2023 Tuesday Site Visit
05-09-2023 Wednesday Site Visit
06-09-2023 Thursday Site Visit
07-09-2023 Friday Site Visit
08-09-2023 Saturday Site Visit
09-09-2023 Monday Site Visit
10-09-2023 Tuesday Office Visit

Raju Meharwade Residential Building

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Fig 3.1 Raju Meharwade, Rajeev Nagar ,Hubballi

3.1 Site Details

Construction of Residential Building at Rajeev Nagar Road vidya Nagar Hubli.
The project is located in a very lush green scenic Residential area surrounded by all the
amenities like schools, market etc. The size of the plot is 105.6*54 ft. facing towards
East. The building comprises of 2 floors, Ground floor 2244.00 sq ft and ground floor
super built-up area 1885.00sq ft. The total height of the building is 15m (Based on bye
laws) and its road width is 12m. All 4 sides are open with ample car parking along with
ramp, with landscaping, high- end premium segment construction having spacious 2
master bedroom pooja room, kitchen, dining hall, living in ground floor and first floor 2
master bedroom, gym, and bar, living with huge balconies.

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Fig 3.2 Ground Floor Presentation Plan Navanagar site

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Fig 3.2 Ground Floor Presentation Plan Dharwad site

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Fig 3.2 FF,SF,&TF Presentation Plan Navanagar site

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Fig 3.2 Column Footing Layout Plan Navanagar site

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Fig 3.2 Column Footing Layout Plan Dharwad site

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3.2 Footing
 Concrete support under a foundation that rests in solid ground is known as footing.
Footings distribute the weight of structure over the ground.
 Isolated rectangular footings are adopted on this site.
 Isolated footings are footings which carry a load from a single column. Reinforcement is
provided in the form of steel bars and is placed in both directions. Under normal
conditions, square & rectangular footings are economical for supporting columns &wall.

 Concrete used for footing is of M20grade.

 Steel used is of Fe 500grade.

Fig 3.3 Placing of Footing

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3.3 Columns
Columns are rigid vertical structural members designed primarily to
support
Axial compressive loads coming from beams and slabs and then transfer it to ground through
Footing.
 Total no. of columns at this site are 16.
 Cross section of the columns is rectangular in shape.
 Grade of concrete used is M20.
 Both 2 legged and 4 legged stirrups are used alternatively
 Reinforcement details of the columns are given below.

Fig 3.5 Placing of Column

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Fig 3.6 column and footing details

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3.4 Plinth beam

Fig 3.7 Plinth beam

Plinth beam is reinforced concrete beam constructed at ground level between the wallsand its
foundation.
 Concrete used is of M20 grade.
 Steel used is of Fe500 grade, dia of bars is 16mm.

3.5 Masonry wall

 Masonry walls are the important part ofthe building structures.

 The structure durability depends on themasonry walls.
 It provides strength, support, durabilityto the building structures.
 It controls the temperature inside and outside the structure.
 Building materials like brick, stones, marble, granite, limestone, concrete blocketc.
are used for masonry.
 They are joined together by using binding material such as mortar.
 In combination of building materials, preparing of mortar, labors, masons, workers
play an important role.
The wall thickness which we have adopted in our project is 6 inches and 4.5 inches
walls,in which main walls are provided with 6 inches and partition walls of 4.5 inches.
The bricks we used for the project are “clay bricks” (190x90x90) “4.484 inches”. The
maximum height of the masonry walls is “7 feet” (2.13m) excluding lintel and slab.

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The masonry walls consist of windows, doors, ventilators, switch boards, arches, or
openings etc. The sizes of doors and windows are.
D= 1.00x2.10m D1=0.90x2.10m
D2=0.75x2.10m (kitchen door)W=1.50x1.20m
W1=1.20x1.20m W2= 1.20x0.90m (kitchen window)V=
0.60x0.60m
The walls are also provided with plastering, coping, lintels, slabs, skirting etc. The
sill level of the windows is provided as follows-
2-feet height for bedroom from base.4-feet height for kitchens from base.
5-feet height for bathrooms from the base. Coping thickness is to be provided up to (2-2.5
inches).
Coping is provided between the bricks, masonry wall at the height of sill level to prevent
cracks on the wall up to the lintel. It helps in providing the strength to the wall.

3.6 Beams
Beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the
beam’s axis.

 Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending.

 The loads applied to the beam result in reaction forces at the beam support points.
 The total effect of all the forces acting on the beams is to produce shear forces
andbending moment within the beam that in turn reduce internal stresses, strains and
deflections of the beam.
 Beams are characterized by their means of support, profile (shape of cross section),
length and their material.

Classification of beams based on supports:

 Simply supported: Beams supported on the ends which are free to rotate and
haveno moment resistance.
 Fixed: A beam supported on both ends and restrained from rotation.
 Over hanging: A simple beam existing beyond its on one end.
 Double over hanging: A simple beam with both ends extending beyond its support

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on both ends.
 Continuous: A beam extending over more than 2supports.
 Cantilever: A projecting beam with both ends extending beyond its supports
on both ends.

1) Trussed: A beam strengthened by adding acable or rod to form a truss.

General shapes: Most beams in reinforced concrete in the buildings have
rectangular cross sections. Also, other shapes like L (angles), C (channel) or
tubes are also used in constructionwhen there are special requirements.
Stresses acting on the beam: Most probably compressive, tensile and shear stresses
of loads are applied to them.
3.7 Curing
Curing is the process of maintaining satisfactory moisture content and temperature
in freshly cast concrete for a definite period of time immediately following
placement. Curing of cement consists in the establishment of a temperature
humidity system required for the hardening of a compacted concrete mix and in
the protection ofthe concrete from jarring vibrations, impacts and so on. Effective
method of curing concrete consists of covering its surface with a protective
polymer film or applying a water asphalt emulsion, ethanol varnish a many-
component varnish with washing, naphthenic, and other fabrications, and other
composition to prevent them evaporation of moisture. After placing the concrete,
horizontal surface may also be covered with sand or sawdust, which is then
wetted periodically,At this Site Pond Curing is done to maintain the moisture.

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Fig 3.9 Pond curing

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3.8 Staircase

Stairs are required for ascending and descending from floor to floor. A stair
consists of a number of steps to move from one level to another. The room/space
housing stairs is called staircase.

Fig 3.11 Staircase

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Flight: The stretch between two landings is known as flight.

Rise: It is the vertical distance between the two consecutive steps. In other wordsthe
vertical portion of the step is known as rise.
Tread: The horizontal portion of the step is known as tread. The horizontal distance
between two consecutive risers is called as go, going or run
 Number of steps should be a max of 12 to 15 steps.
 Width of stairs is kept at about 900mm in residential buildings.
 In public buildings it may go up to 1800 to 2400mm depending upon rush hour
utilization.
 The width of landing should be at least equal to the width of the stairs.

Railing: This is a molded block of wood or some other material, provided to afford
assistance and safeguard to the people while going on the stairs. The height of a railing
should be nearly 75cm above the line of nosing. We have used one way for steps and
two ways for landings. We have built 3 flights. Normally there should be only 2 flights,
but 3 flights are built because there is a lift at the center.

Various types of staircases:

1. Straight stairs.
2. Dog legged stairs.
3. Open newel stairs.
4. Geometrical stairs
5. Spiral stairs

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3.9 Bar bending

Fig 3.12 Bar bending at site

 It is a device that binds rebar (reinforcement bar for concrete structures) to plan.

 Steel bars in reinforcement concrete are cut and bend in different shapes
accordingto reinforcement of structural design.
 This gives the manufacturers the proper bends and tensile strengths of the steel
requiredto make certain shapes or other concrete constructions that are required.

3.9 Steel design

 Steel design, or more specifically, structural steel design, is an area of
structuralengineering used to design steel structures.
 These structures include schools, houses, bridges, commercial centers, tall buildings,
warehouses, aircraft, ships and stadiums. The design and use of
 employed in the design of steel structures.

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Fig 3.14 Steel reinforcement

3.11Slab concrete
A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, consisting ofa flat,
horizontal surface made of cost concrete.
 Steel-reinforcement slabs, typically between 100 and 500mm thick are most often use
to construct floors and ceiling, while thinner mud slabs may be used for exterior paving.
 In this site RMC transit mixer is used to lay the concrete slab.

 It is a mixture of Portland or other cements, water and aggregates: sand, gravel, or

crushed stone.

Fig 3.15 Laying of slab concrete by transit mixer

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3.12 TESTS ON FRESH CONCRETE:

The following are the tests conducted on concrete.

 Compaction factor
 Vee-bee consistometer.
 Slump test

 Slump test:

The slump test can therefore be used on site to check a mix of concrete has the
expected fluid properties and degree of wetness. In general, wetter mixes are
moreworkable than drier, Mixes, but concrete of the same consistency may vary in
workability. The test is also used to determine consistency between individual batches.

The slump test measures the resulting behavior of a compacted inverted cone of
concreteunder the action of gravity. It indicates the consistency or wetness of the
concrete.

Procedure:

Slump cone Tamping procedure Removing cone Height measurement

Fig 3.22 Slump Cone Procedure

The test is carried out using a metal mould in the shape of a conical frustum
known as a slump cone or Abrams cone that is open at both ends and has an attached
handle. The tool

typically has an internal diameter of 4 in (100 mm) at the top and of 8 in (200 mm) at the
bottom with a height of 1 ft. (300 mm).The cone is placed on a hard non-absorbent surface.
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This cone is filled with fresh concrete in three stages. Each time, each layer is tamped 25
times with a 2 ft (600 mm)-long bullet-nosed metal rod measuring in (16 mm) in
diameter At the end of the third stage, the concrete is struck off flush with the top of the
mould. The mould is carefully lifted vertically upwards with twisting motion, so as not
to disturb the concrete cone.

The concrete then subsides. This subsidence is termed as slump, and is measured
to the nearest 5 mm if the slump is <100 mm and to the nearest 10 mm if the slump
is
>100 mm.
The slumped concrete takes various shapes, and according to the profile of
slumped concrete, the slump is termed as true slump, shear slump or collapse slump. If a
shear or collapse slump is achieved, a fresh sample should be taken and the test repeated.
A collapse slump is an indication that the mix is too wet.

Only a true slump is of any use in the test. A collapse slump will generally mean that the
mix is too wet or that it is a high workability mix, for which the slump test is not
appropriate. Very dry mixes: having slump 0 – 25 mm are used in road making, low
workability mixes; having slump 10 – 40 mm are used for foundations with light.

Fig 3.23 Types of slumps

Reinforcement, medium workability mixes; 50 – 90 for normal reinforced concrete

placed with vibration, high workability concrete; > 100.

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Collapse Shear True

In a collapse slump In a shear slump the top In a true slump the

the concrete collapses portion of the concrete shears concrete simply
completely. off and slips sideways. subsides, keeping more
or less to shape.

The slump test is suitable for slumps of medium to high workability, slump in the
range of 5 – 260 mm, the test fails to determine the difference in workability in stiff
mixes which

have zero slump, or for wet mixes that give a collapse slump. It is limited to

concrete formed of aggregates of less than 38 mm(1.5 inch).

Slump value =120mm (high workability 100-175mm) Slump volume =

H/3(A1+A2+√A1XA2)
A1= πd²/4=π x5²/4A1 = 78.53cm
A2= πd²/4
A2 = π*20²/4 A2 = 314.15cm²
V=30/3(78.53+314.15+√78.53x314.15)V = 5497.4cm²
Grade of concrete=

M20=1:1.5:3

Cement=320kg/m^3

20mm coarse aggregate=

683kg/m^3 12.5mm coarse

aggregate=455kg/m^3

Fine
aggregate=794kg/m^3
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Total water=176kg/m^3;
Water cement ratio=0.55

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CHAPTER 4
REFLECTION

During the internship program a lot of knowledge in terms of improving our practical skill. The
various types of orientation programs, tasks, and training that we have been undertaking during this
past four weeks on the site enhanced our knowledge in quality testing of materials.
 Glad to see that what we have learnt in the university can be repeated in the working world.
 This program played an important role to break the conventional thought that field works can be
only implemented by students who hold a degree or people who have an experience in quality
maintenance.
 Acquire a high level of confidence to de-al with problems that arise during construction.
 During these past four weeks, able to see the different theoretical aspects and methodologies.
 Generally, the internship program laid a sound foundation for us to start our career.We are
proud to be able to contribute towards nation building during the country's extremely critical
period of the history.

4.1 Objectives of the engineering task that Performed.

The objective of this engineering task is as follows;

 To introduce ourselves in professional fields
 How the projects are effectively and efficiently made practically
 To enable us an experience sharing
 To develop our knowledge of the workflow and harmonious communication.

4.2 Over all benefits gained from the internship

 During our internship experience at Horizon Constructions Pvt. Ltd., we have benefited a lot
from the internship experience.
 We benefited greatly from working with the dedicated professionals in the company. The
company has provided us with a conductive working atmosphere when we do our activities.

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 Within these four weeks of the program, we have had the opportunity to improve our
practical, interpersonal communication, team playing, leadership skills and
 our theoretical knowledge. We also have had the opportunity to understand work ethics.
 We will try to describe what we have learnt in the different aspects that we have
mentioned until now.
4.3 Communication skills development

 During the site work we were able to ask different kinds of people from allwalks of life.
During these times we have gained confidence on how:
 To ask different questions

 To make discussions

 To answer questions when asked

 To respond to the superior, etc.

 Due to the internship experience, we have improved our communication skills well and as a
result, we could talk to any person at the site in confidence andeasily as much as possible.
 During those four weeks we had the chance to make friendship with other intern students who
came from other universities. It has enhanced our interpersonal and speaking skills.

4.4 Practical skills Development

 During these four weeks, we have got the opportunity to learn different aspects of practical
skills. Most of the time, in the class students focused on the theoretical part and it was difficult
to understand the real work.
 The company is comfortable for me to improve my practical skill by connecting the theoretical
part with the real situation.
 The benefit that I have gained during my internship time is not only from my advisor or
engineer, but also from bar bender and even from day workers.
 Ingredients of concrete itself are sand, water, cement and aggregate.

 The types of excavation like pit, trench and bulk and where they are needed to excavate.
 Mainly about the reinforced bars and their uses

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How to bend reinforcement bars using drawing given by drawings We will be definitely

sensible to scale this practice up and to replicate it in other disciplines as well

4.5 Upgrading theoretical Knowledge

 We have been able to gain a great deal of knowledge in this internship experience.
 Among them are:
 Learning and reading different plans that were used asguidance. Observing different
construction works and theirimportance.
 Observing some of the structures.
 These things have widened our knowledge required for construction work.
 We also have been able to differentiate the different parts that are seen in construction
materials.

4.6 Leadership Skills Development

 Leadership skill is very important for the successful accomplishment of the project. The leaders
are responsible for the work activities. Therefore, leadership skill is vital.
 This internship allowed me to see how leadership skill affects project goal.
 Without the leader, there is no follower, without follower, there is no doer and without doer,
there is no action. a leader with leadership skills plays a significant importance.
 Some basic points that I observe about leadership skills are listed as follows.
 The leaders shall tolerate differences and find alternative methods.
 The leaders should have a proper plan and schedule for different activities.
 this good behavior during our stays on the site with him.
 He also told us lots of practical cases that related to work ethics that he could see when he was
working in different places during his stay with the quality maintenance industry related to
ethics.
 On my stays on the site, we were very punctual, attentive and responsible to our
profession. So, in the program, we have developed our work ethics.

Steps towards Better Work Ethics

1. Attendance: - Attendance and punctuality often have a large impact on individual and team
success. Being tired or absenteeism can also profoundly result a negative impact in a job
performance.

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How You Can Maintain Good Attendance:

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 Make work a high priority.

 Know your schedule.
 Make use of an ALARM clock
 Get enough sleep.
 Arrange your transportation.
 Inform your supervisor of an absence.

2. Character: - An employer expects employees to work together toward achieving the

objectives of the company. The wise employee who is interested in having a good relationship with
an employer will try to help the employer achieve success.
Thus employers expect employees to develop certain desirable traits that will helpthem to
perform their jobs well so that the company can succeed.
Some of these traits include the following:
 Loyalty
 Honesty
 Trustworthiness
 Dependability
 Reliability
 Initiative
 Self-discipline
 Self-responsibility

3. Teamwork - It is vital that employees work as a team. It is important not only to their personal
success and advancement, but also to that of their co-workers and to the company. Sometimes
working as a team takes place in a classroom setting. Teamwork doesn’t necessarily mean helping
your classmate. Teamwork in the classroom might be working quietly as not to disturb your
classmates.
4. Attitude - It is very important to demonstrate a positive attitude, appear self-confident, and
have realistic expectations for self. Developing and maintaining a positive attitude involves setting
Realistic expectations for ourselves at school and at work. These goals should be challenging, but
obtainable.
5. Productivity - In order to be a productive student and employee, a Person must follow

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safety procedures, conserve materials, keep the work area neat and clean and follow directions
properly.
6. Organizational skills - Employers consider effective time Management and organizational
skills as good work habits. To begin managing wisely the time you spendat work, to prepare for
assignments at home, and to manage your life at home and work.
7. Simultaneously, you need to know and to put into practice some good time management
techniques.
8. Communication - Is how we interact with each other. Communication, whether it is verbal or
nonverbal, must be clear, to the point, empathetic, and one must keep in mind that we must always
treat others as we would like others to treat us.

4.7 Challenges faced during the internship and measurement taken for solution.
In intern time, I faced some challenges to perform my task effectively. Someof the challenges and
respective measures I have taken are listed below.
 There was luck of office engineers to attend the meetings held in company. Therefore, I was
unable to see how take off of the meeting and products services andother related activity is
performed. To solve this problem, I have tried to discuss itwith supervisor and other workers in
my free time.
 There were tests performed in the site for soil property. They know the soil property easily by
experience also. This was the other major problem faced in the internship.

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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION

This internship program was an opportunity to know about new things and different works in field
of civil to know about practical application of civil engineering and aspects of the consultancy.
Importance of site work, teamwork, responsibilities to be taken care of, and hands on experience
imparted much practical knowledge. It was possible to achieve many learning goals, technical and
professional skills.
 Internship experience has been an invaluable opportunity to learn and develop professional
ethics. Through working alongside experienced professionals and observing their behaviour,
learned the importance of punctuality, dependability, and taking initiative. Learned that a
positive attitude and willingness to learn can go a long way in making a good impression and
building strong relationships with colleagues. overall.
 It also gave the Importance of site work, teamwork, and responsibilities to be taken care of,
and hands on experience imparted much practical knowledge.
 The internship facilitated the internees to develop and improve skills, abilities and knowledge.
It is commonly observed that, applying theoretical knowledge learned during the academic
period to practical field is much difficult task for a fresher. However, this internship program
played a vital role in teaching the skill of applying comprehensive knowledge to the field.

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