Chapter 6, Solution 1.

dv
iC  7.5 2e 3t  6te 3t  15(1 – 3t)e-3t A
dt

p = vi = 15(1–3t)e–3t 2t e–3t = 30t(1 – 3t)e–6t W.

15(1 – 3t)e-3t A, 30t(1 – 3t)e–6t W

Chapter 6, Solution 2.

w(t) = (1/2)C(v(t))2 or (v(t))2 = 2w(t)/C = (20cos2(377t))/(50x10–6) =

0.4x106cos2(377t) or v(t) = ±632.5cos(377t) V. Let us assume that v(t) =
632.5cos(377t) V, which leads to i(t) = C(dv/dt) = 50x10–6(632.5)(–377sin(377t))

= –11.923sin(377t) A.

Please note that if we had chosen the negative value for v,

then i(t) would have been positive.
Chapter 6, Solution 3.

Design a problem to help other students to better understand how capacitors work.

Although there are many ways to work this problem, this is an example based on the same kind
of problem asked in the third edition.

Problem

In 5 s, the voltage across a 40-mF capacitor changes from 160 V to

220 V. Calculate the average current through the capacitor.

Solution

dv 220  160
i=C  40x10 3  480 mA
dt 5
Chapter 6, Solution 4.

1 t
v idt v(0)
C o

t
1 t  0.8 
 4 sin( 4t )dt 1    cos(4t )  1  0.2 cos(4t ) 0.2 1
5 0
 4 0

= [1.2 – 0.2 cos(4t)] V.

Chapter 6, Solution 5.

5000 t , 0 t 2ms
v= 20  5000 t , 2 t 6ms
 40 5000 t , 6 t 8ms

5, 0 t 2 ms 20 m A, 0 t 2 ms
d v 4 x10 6
iC  5, 2 t 6 ms  20 m A, 2 t 6 ms
dt 10 3
5, 6 t 8 ms 20 m A, 6 t 8 ms
Chapter 6, Solution 6.

dv
iC  55 x10 6 times the slope of the waveform.
dt
For example, for 0 < t < 2,

dv 10

dt 2x10 3

dv 10
i= C  (55 x106 )  275mA
dt 2 x103
Thus the current i(t) is sketched below.

i(t) (mA)
275

4 8
t (msec)

2 6 10 12

–275
Chapter 6, Solution 7.

1 1 t
v idt v(t o )  5tx10 3 dt 10
C 25 x10 3 o

2.5t 2
= 10  [0.1t2 + 10] V.
25
Chapter 6, Solution 8.

dv
(a) i  C  100 ACe 100t  600 BCe 600t (1)
dt

i (0)  2  100 AC  600 BC 5   A  6B (2)

v (0 )  v (0  ) 50  A B (3)
Solving (2) and (3) leads to
A=61, B=-11

1 2 1
(b) Energy  Cv (0)  x 4 x10 3 x 2500  5 J
2 2

(c ) From (1),

i  100 x 61 x 4 x10 3 e 100 t  600 x11 x 4 x10 3 e 600 t   24.4e 100 t  26.4e 600 t A
Chapter 6, Solution 9.

1 t t
v(t) = 6 1  e  t dt 0  12 t e  t V = 12(t + e-t) – 12
12 o 0

v(2) = 12(2 + e-2) – 12 = 13.624 V

p = iv = [12 (t + e-t) – 12]6(1-e-t)

p(2) = [12 (2 + e-2) – 12]6(1-e-2) = 70.66 W

Chapter 6, Solution 10

dv dv
iC  5 x10 3
dt dt

16t , 0 t 1 s
v 16, 1 t 3 s
64 - 16t, 3 t 4 s

16 x10 6 , 0 t 1 s
dv
 0, 1 t 3 s
dt
- 16x10 6 , 3 t 4 s

80 kA, 0 t 1 s
i(t )  0, 1 t 3 s
- 80 kA, 3 t 4 s
Chapter 6, Solution 11.

t t
1 1
v idt v(0)  10 i(t )d t
C0 4 x10 3 0
t
10 3
v  10 15 d t  10 3.76 t
For 0<t <2, i(t)=15mA, V(t)= 10+ 4 x10 3 0

v(2) = 10+7.5 =17.5

For 2 < t <4, i(t) = –10 mA

t t
1 10 x10 3
v(t )  i(t )d t v(2)   d t 17.5  22.5 2.5 t
4 x10 3 2 4 x10 3 2

v(4)=22.5-2.5x4 =12.5

t
1
For 4<t<6, i(t) = 0, v(t )  0dt v(4) 12.5
4 x10 3 2

For 6<t<8, i(t) = 10 mA

t
10 x10 3
v(t )  dt v(6)  2.5(t  6) 12.5  2.5 t  2.5
4 x10 3 4

Hence,
10 3.75t V, 0 t 2s
22.5  2.5t V, 2 t 4s
v(t) =
12.5 V, 4 t 6s
2.5t  2.5 V, 6 t 8s
which is sketched below.
v(t)

20

15

10

5
t (s)
0 2 4 6 8
Chapter 6, Solution 12.

i R = V/R = (30/12)e–2000t = 2.5 e–2000t and i C = C(dv/dt) = 0.1x30(–2000) e–2000t

= –6000 e–2000t A. Thus, i = i R + i C = –5,997.5 e–2000t. The power is equal to:

vi = –179.925 e–4000t W.
Chapter 6, Solution 13.

Under dc conditions, the circuit becomes that shown below:

i1 10 i2 50

+ 20 +

70 v1 v2
 +

60V 

i 2 = 0, i 1 = 60/(70+10+20) = 0.6 A

v 1 = 70i 1 = 42 V, v 2 = 60–20i 1 = 48 V

Thus, v 1 = 42 V, v 2 = 48 V.
Chapter 6, Solution 14.

20 pF is in series with 60pF = 20*60/80=15 pF

30-pF is in series with 70pF = 30x70/100=21pF
15pF is in parallel with 21pF = 15+21 = 36 pF
Chapter 6, Solution 15.

Arranging the capacitors in parallel results in circuit shown in Fig. (1) (It should
be noted that the resistors are in the circuits only to limit the current surge as the
capacitors charge. Once the capacitors are charged the current through the
resistors are obviously equal to zero.):

v 1 = v 2 = 100

R R +
v1 

+ + C1 +
+ C1 C2 + C2
100V  v1 v2 100V  v2
  
(1) (2)

1 2 1
w 20 = Cv  x 25 x10 6 x100 2  125 mJ
2 2
1
w 30 = x75 x10 6 x100 2  375 mJ
2

(b) Arranging the capacitors in series results in the circuit shown in Fig. (2):

C2 75
v1  V x100  75 V, v 2 = 25 V
C1 C2 100

1
w 25 = x 25 x10 6 x75 2  70.31 mJ
2

1
w 75 = x75 x10 6 x 25 2  23.44 mJ.
2

(a) 125 mJ, 375 mJ (b) 70.31 mJ, 23.44 mJ

Chapter 6, Solution 16

Cx 80
C eq  14  30 C  20 F
C 80
Chapter 6, Solution 17.

(a) 4F in series with 12F = 4 x 12/(16) = 3F

3F in parallel with 6F and 3F = 3+6+3 = 12F
4F in series with 12F = 3F
i.e. C eq = 3F
(b) C eq = 5 + [6x(4 + 2)/(6+4+2)] = 5 + (36/12) = 5 + 3 = 8F
(c) 3F in series with 6F = (3 x 6)/9 = 2F
1 1 1 1
 1
C eq 2 6 3
C eq = 1F
Chapter 6, Solution 18.

4 F in parallel with 4 F = 8 F
4 F in series with 4 F = 2 F
2 F in parallel with 4 F = 6 F
Hence, the circuit is reduced to that shown below.

8 F

6 F 6 F

C eq

1 1 1 1
  0.4583 C e q  2.1818 F
C eq 6 6 8
Chapter 6, Solution 19.

We combine 10-, 20-, and 30- F capacitors in parallel to get 60 F. The 60 - F

capacitor in series with another 60- F capacitor gives 30 F.
30 + 50 = 80 F, 80 + 40 = 120 F
The circuit is reduced to that shown below.

12 120

12 80

120- F capacitor in series with 80 F gives (80x120)/200 = 48

48 + 12 = 60
60- F capacitor in series with 12 F gives (60x12)/72 = 10 µF
Chapter 6, Solution 20.

Consider the circuit shown below.

C1

C2

C3

C1  1 1  2 F
C2  2 2 2  6 F

C 3  4 x 3  12 F

1/C eq = (1/C 1 ) + (1/C 2 ) + (1/C 3 ) = 0.5 + 0.16667 + 0.08333 = 0.75x106

C eq = 1.3333 µF.
Chapter 6, Solution 21.

4 F in series with 12 F = (4x12)/16 = 3 F

3 F in parallel with 3 F = 6 F
6 F in series with 6 F = 3 F
3 F in parallel with 2 F = 5 F
5 F in series with 5 F = 2.5 F

Hence C eq = 2.5 F
Chapter 6, Solution 22.

Combining the capacitors in parallel, we obtain the equivalent circuit shown below:

a b

40 F

60 F 30 F

20 F

Combining the capacitors in series gives C1eq , where

1 1 1 1 1
1
  C1eq = 10 F
C eq 60 20 30 10

Thus
C eq = 10 + 40 = 50 F
Chapter 6, Solution 23.

Using Fig. 6.57, design a problem to help other students better understand how capacitors work
together when connected in series and parallel.

Although there are many ways to work this problem, this is an example based on the same kind
of problem asked in the third edition.

Problem

For the circuit in Fig. 6.57, determine:

(a) the voltage across each capacitor,

(b) the energy stored in each capacitor.

Figure 6.57

Solution

(a) 3 F is in series with 6 F 3x6/(9) = 2 F

v 4 F = 1/2 x 120 = 60V
v 2 F = 60V
3
v6 F = (60)  20V
6 3
v 3 F = 60 - 20 = 40V

(b) Hence w = 1/2 Cv2

w 4 F = 1/2 x 4 x 10-6 x 3600 = 7.2mJ
w 2 F = 1/2 x 2 x 10-6 x 3600 = 3.6mJ
w 6 F = 1/2 x 6 x 10-6 x 400 = 1.2mJ
w 3 F = 1/2 x 3 x 10-6 x 1600 = 2.4mJ
Chapter 6, Solution 24.

20 F is series with 80 F = 20x80/(100) = 16 F

14 F is parallel with 16 F = 30 F
(a) v 30 F = 90V
v 60 F = 30V
v 14 F = 60V
80
v 20 F = x 60  48V
20 80
v 80 F = 60 - 48 = 12V

1 2
(b) Since w = Cv
2
-6
w 30 F = 1/2 x 30 x 10 x 8100 = 121.5mJ
-6
w 60 F = 1/2 x 60 x 10 x 900 = 27mJ
-6
w 14 F = 1/2 x 14 x 10 x 3600 = 25.2mJ
-6 2
w 20 F = 1/2 x 20 x 10 x (48) = 23.04mJ
w 80 F = 1/2 x 80 x 10-6 x 144 = 5.76mJ
Chapter 6, Solution 25.

(a) For the capacitors in series,

v1 C 2
Q1 = Q2 C1v1 = C2v2 
v 2 C1
C2 C1 C2 C1
vs = v1 + v2 = v2 v2  v2 v2  vs
C1 C1 C1 C 2

C2
Similarly, v 1  vs
C1 C 2

(b) For capacitors in parallel

Q1 Q 2
v1 = v2 = 
C1 C 2
C C1 C 2
Qs = Q1 + Q2 = 1 Q 2 Q2  Q2
C2 C2
or
C2
Q2 =
C1 C 2
C1
Q1  Qs
C1 C 2

dQ C1 C2
i= i1  is , i2  is
dt C1 C2 C1 C 2
Chapter 6, Solution 26.

(a) C eq = C 1 + C 2 + C 3 = 35 F

(b) Q 1 = C 1 v = 5 x 150 C = 0.75mC

Q 2 = C 2 v = 10 x 150 C = 1.5mC
Q 3 = C 3 v = 20 x 150 = 3mC

1 1
(c) w= C eq v 2  x35x150 2 J = 393.8mJ
2 2
Chapter 6, Solution 27.

If they are all connected in parallel, we get C T  4 x 4 F  16 F

If they are all connected in series, we get
1 4
 CT  1 F
CT 4 F
All other combinations fall within these two extreme cases. Hence,

C min = 1 µF, C max = 16 µF

Chapter 6, Solution 28.

We may treat this like a resistive circuit and apply delta-wye transformation, except that
R is replaced by 1/C.

Cb 50 F

Ca
Cc 20 F

 1  1   1  1   1  1 
        
1 10 40 10 30 30 40
         
Ca 1
30
3 1 1 2
= 
40 10 40 10

Ca = 5 F

1 1 1
1 1200  2
 400 300
Cb 1 30
10
C b = 15 F

1 1 1
1 1200  4
 400 300
Cc 1 15
40
C c = 3.75 F

C b in parallel with 50 F = 50 + 15 = 65 F
C c in series with 20 F = 23.75 F
65x 23.75
65 F in series with 23.75 F =  17.39 F
88.75
17.39 F in parallel with C a = 17.39 + 5 = 22.39 F

Hence C eq = 22.39 F
Chapter 6, Solution 29.

(a) C in series with C = C/(2)

C/2 in parallel with C = 3C/2

3C
Cx
3C 2  3C
in series with C =
2 C 5
5
2

C C
3 in parallel with C = C + 3  1.6 C
5 5

(b)

2C
C eq
2C

1 1 1 1
 
C eq 2C 2C C

C eq = 1 C
Chapter 6, Solution 30.

1 t
vo = idt i(0)
C o
For 0 < t < 1, i = 90t mA,
10 3 t
vo  90tdt 0  15t 2 kV
3x10  6 o
v o (1) = 15 kV

For 1< t < 2, i = (180 – 90t) mA,

10 3 t
vo = (180  90t )dt vo (1)
3x10t 6 1
= [60t – 15t2 ] 1 15kV
= [60t – 15t2 – (60–15) + 15] kV = [60t – 15t2 – 30] kV

15t 2 kV , 0 t 1
vo ( t ) 
[60t  15t 2  30]kV , 1 t 2
Chapter 6, Solution 31.

30tmA, 0 t 1
is (t )  30mA, 1 t 3
 75 15t , 3 t 5

C eq = 4 + 6 = 10 F
1 t
v idt v(0)
C eq o

For 0 < t < 1,

10 3 t
v 30t dt + 0 = 1.5t2 kV
10 x10 6 o

For 1 < t < 3,

103 t
v 20dt v(1)  [3(t  1) 1.5]kV
10 1
 [3t  1.5]kV

For 3 < t < 5,

103 t
v 15(t  5)dt v(3)
10 3
t2
 1.5  7.5t t3 7.5kV  [0.75t 2  7.5t 23.25]kV
2

1.5t 2 kV , 0 t 1s
v ( t )  [3t  1.5]kV , 1 t 3s
[0.75t 2  7.5t 23.25]kV , 3 t 5s

dv dv
i 1  C1  6x10 6
dt dt
18tmA, 0 t 1s
i1  18mA, 1 t 3s
[9t  45]mA, 3 t 5 s

dv dv
i2  C2  4x10 6
dt dt
 12tmA, 0 t 1s
i2  12mA, 1 t 3s
[6t  30]mA, 3 t 5 s
Chapter 6, Solution 32.

(a) C eq = (12x60)/72 = 10 F

103
t
t
v1  50e  2 t dt v1 (0)   2083e  2 t 50   2083e  2 t 2133V
12 x10 6 0
0

103
t
t
v2  50e  2 t dt v2 (0)   416.7e  2 t 20   416.7e  2 t 436.7V
60 x10 6 0
0

(b) At t=0.5s,

v1  2083e 1 2133  1366.7, v2  416.7e 1 436.7  283.4

1
w12 F  x12 x10  6 x(1366.7 )2  11.207 J
2

1
w20 F  x 20 x10 6 x ( 283.4)2  803.2 mJ
2
1
w40 F  x 40 x10 6 x ( 283.4)2  1.6063 J
2
Chapter 6, Solution 33

Because this is a totally capacitive circuit, we can combine all the capacitors using
the property that capacitors in parallel can be combined by just adding their
values and we combine capacitors in series by adding their reciprocals. However,
for this circuit we only have the three capacitors in parallel.

3 F + 2 F = 5 F (we need this to be able to calculate the voltage)

C Th = C eq = 5+3+2 = 10 F

The voltage will divide equally across the two 5 F capacitors. Therefore, we get:

V Th = 15 V, C Th = 10 F.

15 V, 10 F
Chapter 6, Solution 34.

i = 10e–t/2
di 1
v  L  10 x10 3 (10) e t / 2
dt 2
-t/2
= –50e mV

v(3) = –50e–3/2 mV = –11.157 mV

p = vi = –500e–t mW

p(3) = –500e–3 mW = –24.89 mW.

Chapter 6, Solution 35.

di v 160 x10 3
vL L   6.4 m H
dt d i / d t (100  50)x10 3
2 x10 3
Chapter 6, Solution 36.

Design a problem to help other students to better understand how inductors work.

Although there are many ways to work this problem, this is an example based on the
same kind of problem asked in the third edition.

Problem

The current through a 12-mH inductor is i(t )  30 t e 2 t A, t 0. Determine: (a) the

voltage across the inductor, (b) the power being delivered to the inductor at t = 1 s, (c)
the energy stored in the inductor at t = 1 s.

Solution

di
(a) v  L  12 x10 3 (30 e 2 t  60 t e 2 t )  (0.36  0.72 t)e 2 t V
dt
(b) p  vi  (0.36  0.72 x1)e 2 x 30 x1e 2  0.36 x 30 e 4  0.1978 W
1
(c) w  Li 2 = 0.5x12x10–3(30x1xe–2)2 = 98.9 mJ.
2
Chapter 6, Solution 37.

di
vL  12 x10 3 x 4(100) cos100t
dt
= 4.8 cos (100t) V

p = vi = 4.8 x 4 sin 100t cos 100t = 9.6 sin 200t

t 11 / 200
w= pdt  9.6 sin 200 t
o o
9.6
 cos 200t 11
o
/ 200
J
200
 48(cos  1)mJ  96 mJ

Please note that this problem could have also been done by using (½)Li2.
Chapter 6, Solution 38.

di
vL  40x10 3 e  2 t  2te  2 t dt
dt

= 40(1  2t )e 2 t mV , t 0
Chapter 6, Solution 39

di 1 t
vL i idt i(0)
dt L 0

1
i t
(3t 2 2t 4)dt 1
3 0
200x10

t
 5( t 3 t2 4t ) 1
0

i(t) = [5t3 + 5t2 + 20t + 1] A

Chapter 6, Solution 40.

5t , 0 t 2 ms
i 10, 2 t 4 ms
30  5 t , 4 t 6 ms

5, 0 t 2 ms 25, t 2 ms
0
d i 5 x10 3
vL  0, 2 t 4 ms  0, 2 t 4 ms
dt 10 3
5, 4 t 6 ms 25, 4 t 6 ms

At t = 1ms, v = 25 V
At t = 3ms, v = 0 V
At t = 5ms, v= –25 V
Chapter 6, Solution 41.

1 t 1 t
i vdt C    20 1  e  2 t dt C
L 0  2 o

 1 2 t  t
= 10 t e  o C  10t 5e 2 t  4.7A
 2 

Note, we get C = –4.7 from the initial condition for i needing to be 0.3 A.

We can check our results be solving for v = Ldi/dt.

v = 2(10 – 10e–2t)V which is what we started with.

At t = l s, i = 10 + 5e-2 – 4.7 = 10 + 0.6767 – 4.7 = 5.977 A

1 2
w L i = 35.72J
2
Chapter 6, Solution 42.

1 t 1 t
i vdt i(0)  v( t )dt  1
L
o 5 o
10 t
For 0 < t < 1, i  dt  1  2t  1 A
5 0

For 1 < t < 2, i = 0 + i(1) = 1A

1
For 2 < t < 3, i = 10dt i(2)  2t 2
t 1
5
= 2t - 3 A

For 3 < t < 4, i = 0 + i(3) = 3 A

1 t
For 4 < t < 5, i = 10dt i(4)  2 t t
4 3
5 4
= 2t - 5 A

Thus,
2t  1 A, 0 t 1
1 A, 1 t 2
i ( t )  2t  3 A, 2 t 3
3 A, 3 t 4
2t  5, 4 t 5
Chapter 6, Solution 43.

t 1 2 1 2
w=L idt  Li ( t )  Li ( )
 2 2
1 2
 x80x10 3 x 60x10 3  0
2
= 144 J.
Chapter 6, Solution 44.

di
(a) v L  L  100 x10 3 (400)x 50 x10 3 e 400 t  2 e 400 t V
dt
(b) Since R and L are in parallel, v R  v L  2 e 400 t V
(c) No
1
(d) w  Li 2 = 0.5x100x10–3(0.05)2 = 125 µJ.
2
Chapter 6, Solution 45.

1 t
i(t) = v( t ) i(0)
L o

For 0 < t < 1, v = 5t

1 t
i 5t dt + 0
10x10 3 o

= 250t2 A

For 1 < t < 2, v = -10 + 5t

1 t
i (10 5t )dt i(1)
10x10 3 1
t
 (0.5t  1)dt 0.25kA
1
= [1 – t + 0.25t2 ] kA

250t 2 A, 0 t 1s
i(t ) 
[1  t 0.25t 2 ] kA, 1 t 2s
Chapter 6, Solution 46.

Under dc conditions, the circuit is as shown below:

2
iL
+

4 vC
3A 

By current division,

4
iL  (3)  2A, v c = 0V
4 2

1 2 11 2
wL  L i L   (2)  1J
2 22

1 1
wc  C v c2  (2)( v)  0J
2 2
Chapter 6, Solution 47.

Under dc conditions, the circuit is equivalent to that shown below:

+ vC  iL

2
5A

2 10 10R
iL  (5)  , v c  Ri L 
R 2 R 2 R 2

1 2 6 100R 2
w c  Cv c  80x10 x
2 (R 2) 2
1 100
w L  Li12  2x10 3 x
2 (R 2) 2
If w c = w L ,

6 100R 2 2x10 3 x100

80x10 x  80 x 10-3R2 = 2
2 2
(R 2) (R 2)

R=5
Chapter 6, Solution 48.

Under steady-state, the inductor acts like a short-circuit, while the capacitor acts like
an open circuit as shown below.

5 mA 30k v 20 k

Using current division,

i = (30k/(30k+20k))(5mA) = 3 mA

v = 20ki = 60 V
Chapter 6, Solution 49.

Converting the wye-subnetwork to its equivalent delta gives the circuit below.

30 mH

30mH
5mH
30 mH

30//0 = 0, 30//5 = 30x5/35=4.286

30 x 4.286
L e q  30 / / 4.286   3.75 m H
34.286
Chapter 6, Solution 50.

16mH in series with 14 mH = 16+14=30 mH

24 mH in series with 36 mH = 24+36=60 mH
30mH in parallel with 60 mH = 30x60/90 = 20 mH
Chapter 6, Solution 51.

1 1 1 1 1
  L = 10 mH
L 60 20 30 10

10x35
L eq  10 25 10 
45

= 7.778 mH
Chapter 6, Solution 52.

Using Fig. 6.74, design a problem to help other students better understand how inductors
behave when connected in series and when connected in parallel.

Although there are many ways to work this problem, this is an example based on the
same kind of problem asked in the third edition.

Problem

Find L eq in the circuit of Fig. 6.74.

10 H

4H 6H

5H 3H
L eq
7H

Figure 6.74 For Prob. 6.52.

Solution

5 x15
L e q  5 / /(7 3 10 / /(4 6))  5 / /(7 3 5))   3.75 H
20
Chapter 6, Solution 53.

L eq  6 10 8 5 (8 12) 6 (8 4)

 16 8 (4 4)  16 4

L eq = 20 mH
Chapter 6, Solution 54.

L eq  4 (9 3) 10 0 6 12

 4 12 (0 4)  4 3

L eq = 7H
Chapter 6, Solution 55.

(a) L//L = 0.5L, L + L = 2L

2 Lx0.5 L
Leq  L 2 L // 0.5L  L  1.4 L = 1.4 L.
2 L 0.5L

(b) L//L = 0.5L, L//L + L//L = L

L eq = L//L = 500 mL
Chapter 6, Solution 56.

1 L
LLL 
3 3
L
Hence the given circuit is equivalent to that shown below:

L/3 L/3
L

5
Lx L
 2  3  5L
L eq  L  L L 
 3  5 8
L L
3
Chapter 6, Solution 57.

di
Let v  L eq (1)
dt
di
v  v1 v2  4 v2 (2)
dt
i = i1 + i2 i2 = i – i1 (3)

di1 di1 v 2
v2  3 or  (4)
dt dt 3

and
di di
 v2 2 5 2 0
dt dt
di di
v2  2 5 2 (5)
dt dt

Incorporating (3) and (4) into (5),

di di di di v
v2  2 5 5 1  7 5 2
dt dt dt dt 3

 5 di
v 2 1 7
 3 dt
21 di
v2 
8 dt

Substituting this into (2) gives

di 21 di
v4
dt 8 dt

53 di

8 dt

Comparing this with (1),

53
L eq   6.625 H
8
Chapter 6, Solution 58.

di di
vL  3  3 x slope of i(t).
dt dt

Thus v is sketched below:

v(t) (V)
6

t (s)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

-6
Chapter 6, Solution 59.

di
(a) v s  L1 L2
dt
di vs

dt L1 L 2
di di
v 1  L1 , v 2  L 2
dt dt
L1 L2
v1  vs , vL  vs
L1 L2 L1 L2

di1 di
(b) v i  v 2  L1  L2 2
dt dt
i s  i1 i 2
di s di1 di 2 v v L L2
  v 1
dt dt dt L1 L2 L1 L 2

1 1 L1 L 2 di s L2
i1 vdt  dt  is
L1 L1 L1 L 2 dt L1 L2
1 1 L1 L 2 di s L1
i2  vdt  dt  is
L2 L 2 L1 L 2 dt L1 L2
Chapter 6, Solution 60

15
Leq  3 // 5 
8
di 15 d
vo  Leq  4e  2t   15e 2t
dt 8 dt

t t
I 1 t
io  vo (t )dt io (0)  2 (15)e  2t dt  2 1.5e  2t
L0 50 0

i o = (0.5 + 1.5e–2t) A
Chapter 6, Solution 61.

(a) L e q  20 / /(4 6)  20 x10 / 30  6.667 m H

Using current division,

10
i1(t )  is  e t m A
10 20

i2 (t )  2 e  t m A

d i s 20
(b) v o  L e q  x10 3 (3 e  t x10 3 )  20 e  t V
dt 3

1 2 1
(c ) w  Li1  x 20 x10 3 x e 2 x10 6  1.3534 nJ
2 2
Chapter 6, Solution 62.

20 x60
(a) Leq  25 20 // 60  25  40 mH
80
t
di 1 10 3
v  Leq i v(t )dt i (0)  12e 3t dt i (0)  0.1(e 3t  1) i (0)
dt Leq 40 x10 3 0

Using current division and the fact that all the currents were zero when the circuit was put
together, we get,
60 3 1
i1  i  i, i 2  i
80 4 4
3
i1 (0)  i (0) 0.75i (0)  0.01 i (0)  0.01333
4

1
i2  (0.1e 3t 0.08667) A  - 25e -3t 21.67 mA
4
i 2 (0)  25 21.67   3.33 mA

3
(b) i1  ( 0.1e  3 t 0.08667 ) A  - 75e - 3t 65 mA
4
i 2  - 25e -3t 21.67 mA
Chapter 6, Solution 63.

We apply superposition principle and let

vo  v1 v2

where v 1 and v 2 are due to i 1 and i 2 respectively.

di1 di 2, 0 t 3
v1  L 2 1 
dt dt  2, 3 t 6
4, 0 t 2
di di
v2  L 2  2 2  0, 2 t 4
dt dt
 4, 4 t 6
v1
v2

2 4

0
3 6 t 0 2 4 6 t

-2 -4

Adding v 1 and v 2 gives v o , which is shown below.

v o (t) V
6

0
2 3 4 6 t (s)
-2

-6
Chapter 6, Solution 64.

(a) When the switch is in position A,

i= –6 = i(0)
When the switch is in position B,
i ( )  12 / 4  3,  L / R  1/ 8

i (t )  i ( ) [i (0)  i ( )]e  t /

i(t) = (3 – 9e–8t) A

(b) -12 + 4i(0) + v=0, i.e. v = 12 – 4i(0) = 36 V

(c) At steady state, the inductor becomes a short circuit so that

v=0V
Chapter 6, Solution 65.

1 1
(a) w5  L1i12  x5x (4) 2  40 J
2 2
1
w 20  (20)(2) 2  40 J
2
(b) w = w 5 + w 20 = 80 J
1 t 1 1  t
(c) i1   50e  200 t dt i1 (0)    50e
 200 t
x10  3 4
L1 0 5  200  0
= [5x10-5(e-200t – 1) + 4] A

1 t 1  1  t
i2   50e  200 t dt i 2 (0)    50e
 200 t
x10  3  2
L2 0 20  200  0
-5 -200t
= [1.25x10 (e – 1) – 2] A

(d) i = i 1 + i 2 = [6.25x10-5 (e-200t– 1) + 2] A

Chapter 6, Solution 66.

If v=i, then
di dt di
iL 
dt L i
Integrating this gives
t  i 
 ln(i)  ln(C o )  ln  i = C o et/L
L  Co 
i(0) = 2 = C o

i(t) = 2et/0.02 = 2e50t A.

Chapter 6, Solution 67.

1
vo   vi dt, RC = 50 x 103 x 0.04 x 10-6 = 2 x 10-3
RC
 10 3
vo  10 sin 50t dt
2
v o = 100cos(50t) mV
Chapter 6, Solution 68.

1
vo   vi dt + v(0), RC = 50 x 103 x 100 x 10-6 = 5
RC
1 t
vo =  10dt 0  2t
5 o
The op amp will saturate at v o = 12

-12 = -2t t = 6s
Chapter 6, Solution 69.

RC = 4 x 106 x 1 x 10-6 = 4

1 1
vo   v i dt   v i dt
RC 4
1 t
For 0 < t < 1, v i = 20, v o   20dt  -5t mV
4 o

1 t
For 1 < t < 2, v i = 10, v o   10dt v(1)  2.5( t  1)  5
4 1
= -2.5t - 2.5mV

1 t
For 2 < t < 4, v i = - 20, v o  20dt v(2)  5( t  2)  7.5
4 2
= 5t - 17.5 mV

1 t
For 4 < t < 5m, v i = -10, v o  10dt v(4)  2.5( t  4) 2.5
4 4
= 2.5t - 7.5 mV

1 t
For 5 < t < 6, v i = 20, v o   20dt v(5)  5( t  5) 5
4 5
= - 5t + 30 mV

Thus v o (t) is as shown below:

v(t) (V)
5

2.5

t (s)
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-2.5

-5

-7.5
Chapter 6, Solution 70.

One possibility is as follows:

1
 50
RC

1
Let R = 100 k , C   0.2 F
50 x100 x10 3
Chapter 6, Solution 71.

By combining a summer with an integrator, we have the circuit below:

R1
C
v1
R2
v2 
vo
R3 +
v3

1 1 1
vo   v1dt  v 2 dt  v 2 dt
R 1C R 2C R 2C

For the given problem, C = 2 F,

R1C = 1 R 1 = 1/(C) = 106/(2) = 500 k

R 2 C = 1/(4) R 2 = 1/(4C) = 500k /(4) = 125 k
R 3 C = 1/(10) R 3 = 1/(10C) = 50 k
Chapter 6, Solution 72.

The output of the first op amp is

1 1 t 100t
v1   v i dt =  v i dt  
RC 10x10 3 x 2 x10 6 o 2

= - 50t

1 1 t
vo   v i dt =  (50t )dt
RC 20x10 x 0.5x10 6
3 o

= 2500t2

At t = 1.5ms,
v o  2500(1.5) 2 x10 6  5.625 mV
Chapter 6, Solution 73.

Consider the op amp as shown below:

Let v a = v b = v

0  v v  vo
At node a,  2v - v o = 0 (1)
R R
R

R
v
a 
+
R R +
v
vo
b
+
C 
vi 

vi  v v  vo dv
At node b,  C
R R dt
dv
v i  2v  v o RC (2)
dt

Combining (1) and (2),

RC dv o
v i v o v o
2 dt
or
2
vo  v i dt
RC

showing that the circuit is a noninverting integrator.

Chapter 6, Solution 74.

RC = 0.01 x 20 x 10-3 sec

dv i dv
v o   RC  0.2 m sec
dt dt

 2V, 0 t 1
v o  2V, 1 t 3
 2V, 3 t 4

Thus v o (t) is as sketched below:

v o (t) (V)
2

t (ms)

1 2 3

-2
Chapter 6, Solution 75.

dv i
v 0   RC , RC  250 x10 3 x10x10 6  2.5
dt

d
v o  2.5 (12t )  –30 mV
dt
Chapter 6, Solution 76.

dv i
v o   RC , RC = 50 x 103 x 10 x 10-6 = 0.5
dt
dv  10, 0 t 5
v o  0.5 i 
dt 5, 5 t 15

The input is sketched in Fig. (a), while the output is sketched in Fig. (b).

v o (t) (V)
v i (t) (mV)

100 5

t (ms) t (ms)

0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15

(a)

-10

(b)
Chapter 6, Solution 77.

i = iR + iC

vi  0 0  v0 d
 C 0  vo
R RF dt
R F C  10 6 x10 6  1

 dv o 
Hence v i   v o 
 dt 

Thus v i is obtained from v o as shown below:

– v o (t) (V) –dv o (t)/dt

4 4

t (s) t (s)

0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4

-4 -4

v i (t) (V)

t (s)

-4 1 2 3 4

-8
Chapter 6, Solution 78.

d 2 vo 2dv o
 10 sin 2 t   vo
dt dt

Thus, by combining integrators with a summer, we obtain the appropriate analog

computer as shown below:

2v o
 + t=0
C
C
R
R
R
 R
2
d v o /dt 
+ 
2 +
-dv o /dt + d2v o /dt
vo 2
R R

R/2

+ dv o /dt
R
R
R/10

+
+
sin2t  -sin2t
Chapter 6, Solution 79.

We can write the equation as

dy
 f (t )  4 y (t )
dt

which is implemented by the circuit below.

1V t=0

C R R

R
R/4 R
dy/dt - - -
+ -y + +
R dy/dt

f(t)
Chapter 6, Solution 80.

From the given circuit,

d 2vo 1000k 1000k dv o

2
 f (t)  vo 
dt 5000k 200k dt

or

d 2vo dv o
5 2v o  f ( t )
dt 2 dt
Chapter 6, Solution 81

We can write the equation as

d 2v
 5v  2 f (t )
dt 2

which is implemented by the circuit below.

C C
R

R
- R R/5
2 2
d v/dt + -
-dv/dt + v -
+ d2v/dt2
R/2
f(t)
Chapter 6, Solution 82

The circuit consists of a summer, an inverter, and an integrator. Such circuit is shown
below.

10R R

R R
-
+ - vo
+
R

C=1/(2R)

R
-
+ +
vs
-
Chapter 6, Solution 83.

Since two 10 F capacitors in series gives 5 F, rated at 600V, it requires 8 groups in

parallel with each group consisting of two capacitors in series, as shown below:

+
600


Answer: 8 groups in parallel with each group made up of 2 capacitors in series.

Chapter 6, Solution 84.

v = L(di/dt) = 8x10–3x5x2πsin(πt)cos(πt)10–3 = 40πsin(2πt) µV

p = vi = 40πsin(2πt)5sin2(πt)10–9 W, at t=0 p = 0W

1 2 1
w Li  x 8 x10 3 x[5 sin 2 ( / 2)x10 3 ]2  4 x 25 x10 9  100 nJ
2 2

= 100 ηJ
Chapter 6, Solution 85.

It is evident that differentiating i will give a waveform similar to v. Hence,

di
vL
dt

4t ,0 t 1ms
i
8  4t ,1 t 2ms

di 4000L,0 t 1ms
vL 
dt  4000L,1 t 2ms

5V,0 t 1ms
But, v
 5V,1 t 2ms

Thus, 4000L = 5 L = 1.25 mH in a 1.25 mH inductor

Chapter 6, Solution 86.

di
v  vR v L  Ri L  12 x 2 t e 10 t 200 x10 3 x(20 t e 10 t 2 e 10 t )  (0.4  20 t )e 10 t V
dt