What’s being tested: * Fenny pads that have somiing in common, or have a similar meaning frontier, border, Boundary, limic ‘ ay, tell, tlk, speae| j inking words: « because,"sineé, as, for j.'s word + preposition: } compariion benacen reposition + word" by heare Phiasl verbs: 20 go dhrouh, ful chroughy sce vhough Collocations: a high standard of living, to do reason Familiarisation exercise For Questions 1-3, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space. ‘There is an example at the beginning (0). DESERT CACTUS ‘The Arizona desert js hot and extremely dry, but row @ 2 Tow of giant cacti, up to 18m tall, grow there, all well- supplied with water. How do these plants survive in a land ‘that hardly ever sees rain? i Nature has (1) .... cactus plants with a special design which cnables them to collect and keep rain in desert cénditions @) +. ordinary plants, whose roots go deep underground for moisture, cacti have very shallow roots that grow a long Way found the plant. These take in water very quickly. On & large cactus, the roots can (3) w.. an area 100t8 from the plant itself, 0 Aby Batter C with Dior 1 Agiven Ballowed = “C provided }!D granted 2ABecause B But GAlthough " D Unlike y 3 Aredinc — Bepread Ginclude) D cover xUnit 1 i ; Understanding the task ise 1 Identifying the kind of language that is tested in Part 1 can help you to anticipate problems. It may be helpful to think of three categories: Category 1. single words that don't depend on anything else in the sentence except the meaning : Category 2 linking words that must fit the meaning and structure Category 3 phrasal vocabulary ~ the word being tested depends on other words in the sentence to, make a complete phrase Look at the following sentences and decide, with the help of the examples, what category is being tested and which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space, | 1 At the age of 65, Geoff retired and lived off his 2. | Aallowance —B salary C grant D pension | Category eingle words all connected with mony. The right word must describe the money you ive off whan youWe | retired from work. The other words refér to money in diferent: situations. 2 Twas allowed to leave early .....6...I did the work the following day. Aincase — Bevenif Cproviding —_‘D otherwise Category 2: the sentence Is saying that the person would only et permission to leave early if he did the work the F. , following day. The linking word or phrase must fit this meaning ny 3.David has never been 2. in football. He prefers rugby Akeen B eager C fond D interested Category 2 theoe nods have srilarmeaninge, bt the camec cole depend on the preposition‘ ii 4 Please confirm your reservation in Aleter Bwriting CG words D paper 5 Can you lend me some money? I've my wallet at home. Alet Biorgotten Cleft D taken the cause of the crash very thoroughly. Binto Cout D after the lights went out, I was having a maths test BWhile CAssoonas When 8 Everybody knew Harry had a crime but nobody wanted to tell the police. Adone B made Cperformed —_D committed F.9 Everyone knows that it was wrong t0 _. Meg for the accident. HP Aaccuse — B blame C charge D connect __» that into consideration before you 10 Cathy’s only been here a week. I think you should be(\ complain about her. Atake B put C bring Dearry Btn tve never chat strange building before, have you? E arealied Bremarked — Crnoticed "recognised 12 Alex went for a fong walk he was feeling very tired. Although Because C however D despite 115. Hadsth | Unit 1 ‘Single word’ vocabulary Exercise 2 Below are two extracts from a woman's personal diary, in which there are some single word gaps, Read the first extract, Then look at the three choices given, ‘They are all wrong. Write a, correct fourth choice. DIARY ENTRY FOR JUNE 2nd My (1) A2H2Y.. to work today took twice as Jong as usual because the train broke down on the way. By the time 1 (2)... the office Iwas 1A travel Cold and fed up. 1 (3) ... everything is back 10 2 A arrived hormal by this evening. Pethaps Pd better 3 A think (A) sv the situation before I leave the ofice. 4 A control Tes quite likely that something eise will go wrong tonight. I feel it’s going to be one of those days! ‘Now do the same with the second extract. LATER THE SAME DAY .., 1 was right! Going home was just as bad! First of all, When I left the office the rain was (3) ... down, and (©) --» here T had left my umbrelle ~ at home, of course. Iran to the station in order t0 (7) su. getting {00 wer. I wasn’t really looking where T was going and I didn't (8) .... a small child standing outside the station entrance and I knocked her over. She wasn’t ©) swe thank goodness, but her father wasn’t at all (10)... when he saw that she'd fallen into a large (11) «sand was completely soaked. 1 kept apologising ‘and helped to pick her up, Eventually; I Jeft them and ran for my train, The one I usually estch had gone so T (12) .... aa hour waiting for the next one. Dve decided to take the car to work tomorrow: 5 A falling Bspilling dropping 6 Aremember — B think C say 7 A prevent B resist C stop 8 A remark Brecognite —C look 9 Awounded Bdamaged CG broken 10 Acontented Bedelighted —_C satisfied 11 A pool B pond C water 12 A lost B passed C saved vvooboey| OB Exercise 3 | Look at the following gapped sentences and the correct missing word given below each one. | Imagine you are the examiner. What words would you put for the two wrong choices? Think of | trords which have some similarities to the given word, but which are definitely wrong, Don't worry | ifyou can’t think of two alternatives. | | | | ¢ BA264, 1 Listen to the ..---n- about the gate number for A_varting Bannouncement —_ C asvertlgement 2 We had a delicious dinner but the waiter took ages to bring our —....--.., and then it was wrong! Bie, B C bill 3 There was a(n) between the two halves of the play, so Joe was able to leave the theatre and get some fresh air. A B interval ose 4 The from the top of the mountain was unbelievable ~ we could see for miles. ' Aview 5 c | 5 My parents want to _... our kitchen so that all eight of us can eat comfortably together. Acxtend Be & 6 What's your of modern art? A 2 B C opinion © 7 Do you think professional sportspeople should .. such high salaries? | A Bean Cu a Linking words and phrases | Exercise 4 a 2 Read the job application letter below and decide which linking phrase best fits each space. Dear fir or Madam Tam writing to Inquire whether there is any possibility of my working for your company ay MEL TaEErt Og eranstaon, ® ‘Because = | cB” yu yuo nom nO, id Ragin aan tH inorder pent six months in Bngland at a language school (4) © 85 0 Amprave my poker Badlish, : for i + tor 5 When Yo) ASs20088 rnishod thee, Ihave been working fora travel agency in my eounty, organising Youre Aier - ‘and excursions for touriste from all over the worl. eaHowever ce) Despte \ 1 enjoy this work, [feel T would xe to become more invoived with translation work, Athougn nctuding 7) regarding in the field of tourism. oO particularly ee sn case contact ms ae 2 WOL te er infor lon. Fioase do not hesitate to contact me (8) SERA you would lke any forthe informa x if Took forward to hearing from you. ‘Youre fithtally Exercise 5 Look at the following three short texts. Choose the linking word or phrase that fits in each space. In the exam, there is only one possible correct answer, but in this exercise there may be more than one in some cases. Check carefully that the answers you choose are correct in oth structure and meaning. ; REALLY COLD PLACES (1) 44.2 we may complain about bad weather from time to time, most of ws live in reasonable comfort @ La clieimte is concerned, But in the Aretic region, the temperature may drop to ~57°C and (3) «in summer the temperature doesn’t often tise above 7°C. And as for Anterctica, no human beings, (4) . research scientists live there. 1 AAlthough BHowever © CDespite —-D Even though 2Aaslongas Basregards Cas wellas_ Das far as 3B A yet Beven C still Dalso 4 Aapartfom Bexceptfor Cespecially _D particularly WHAT CAUSES COLDS “The common cold is the illness we most love to hate, Dut (1) .... this fact we are not much closer to finding @ ‘care for this annoying illness than doctors were a century ago. The first laboratory to concentrate on the common cold was set up in 1946, (2) «« that time, groups of volunteers have been given.colds in the interests of medical science. (3) .- the efforts of these volunteers, we now know that a cold is noticaused by a single cold virus (4) sw can be caused by many different ones. (5) +.» finding the cause, or causes, is only the beginning. 1 Ain spite B however C despite D nevertheless 2 AFrom B Since C For D After 3 A According to BThanksto — C Owing to D Due to 4 Ahowever Bout Cand D which 5 A However BAlthough Nevertheless D Despite Res Tes‘THE POWER OF TORNADOES (1) sae the fact that tornadoes cause terrible damage, the area that they devastate at any one time is actually quite small, The path of greatest destruction is often not more than 100m wide. (2) .... a tornado ean demolish a house on one side of a street, (3) «8 house opposite escapes undamaged. At the centre of @ tornado the speed of the wind is incredible. In fact, itis difficult to measure (4) .. monitoring equipment rarely survives. 1-Aln spite of —_B Despite Besides DAs well as 2 ABut BaAsaresuk So D In addition 3 Awhile Bout Cwhen D then 4 Aand B since Cunless —D because Word + preposition / Preposition + word Exercise 6 The correct choice in all these sentences depends on matching the right preposition with a particular word. Think about the meaning of the sentence as well as the word and preposition combination, There is only one correct answer. (Look at Appendices 1 and 2 to help you.) 1 Skiing doesn’t .....-€..... to me at all. I don’t like snow. Ainterest — Battract C appeal D like 2 [don’t think Jim will ever in finding peace of mind. Amanage |‘ B succeed Ca D achieve 3 The National Bank was closed today of a robbery during the night. Ain view Binspite , Cincase D asa result, 4 Ruth can’t go to Mike's wedding because she'll be away business. A for Bon Cat D with 5 Lucy was forced to stay at home of whether she wanted to. Aregardless Bon account Cbecause ‘despite 6 Ie was a very popular film bby the amount of money it took. Aceferring B judging Cregarding D estimating 7 Plastic .......... flexibility with great strength. Ajoins B connects Combines _D involves 8 Stuart arrived _ good time to catch the 7.15 train, Awith Bon cat Din 9». to office gossip, Neil Turner is going to lose his job. AReferting BAccording CG Regarding Attending 10 A large number of seabirds are now at as a result of an oil tanker disaster, A danger B threat difficulty D risk 119{ i Unit 1 11 There’s not much new about this car. IP's very similar last year’s model, Aas Bro C with D like 12 The new hospital is to be built to the old one. Aneaby Bbeside Cnext D alongside Phrasal vocabulary Exercise 7 Decide which answer A, B C or D best fits each space. This exercise concentrates on phrasal Yocabulary; that is collocations, phrasal verbs and prepositional phrases. In Part 1 of the Use of =i EARLY NEWSPAPERS Did ygu know that Julius Caesar introduced the earliest known oficial written news as far (1) 8. as 59 BC? ‘The Aza Dina (Daily News) was ahandvriten shee, ported daly in the Forom of Rome, tw concee ‘wold not have been out of 2). . in 8 modern newspaper. Accounts of battles, ailtary appointments, and political events were written about in (3) .. -- detail. Citizens in distant (4) ... of the Roman Empire sent men to Rome to copy the news and send it back (5) ... letter. In this way they were able to keep in touch with What was (6) ... on at the centre, After the death of this early form of newspaper, it was left to travellers to spread the (7) .... Unuil the invention of the printing press in the 1450s, information was carried from place to place by (8) w.. of mouth tAago Back C before dD away 2Aore Brime Cline. D place 3 Aloe —- Bhouge Cgres =D big 4 Apars — Brieces Cplaces portions 5 Ain Bwith — Cby D throug 6 Acoming Being Ckeeping going 7 Aissues B Ss C affairs D communications SAvay Bmeans , Cspeech — Dword SSE ne ee a EY 1 Look at the ttle of the'text, It is a your understanding. 2 Read through the whole text atleast once to D choices while you are reading, g 3 Look at the words surrounding the spaces before you look atthe choices. Inthe case of a missing linking word, remember to check that it fits with the meaning of the whole sentence. # 4 Make your choice ~ don’t eave any blanks. Even if you have no idea, it’s still worth having a guess. 4a 5 Read the completed text through, id of summary of what you're going to read, and can help get the general meaning. Don't ook at the A, B, C, “ia 120 =‘or Questions 1-15, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space. WINDMILLS AND WATERMILLS E For 1,000 years, windmills and watermills were the largest and most complex machines in our world ©) 5£. the development of steam in the 18th century, their (1) (. declined, but many remain as (2) J of an age of silent power. B | The eacliest type of mill, used for (3) «1. cor, was a handmill, which was (4) .... up of two circular stones — one fixed and the ‘other rotating. This was the forerunner of the method used in all ater mills ‘Wacérmills were (5) .... to the Greeks during the Ist century BC and are thought to have been introduced into Britain by the Romans. (6) .... it was the Saxons, 500 years after the Romans had left, who developed the use of watermills om a large (7) sw» Records show that the Arabs invented windmills as (8) ... as the Tih century: They were used where water power was unavailable or unsuitable, They were usually built on high (9) ... to catch the ‘winds, and could be seen for miles (10) Nowadays there are Very few'(11) ..+ mills of either sort left in Britsin, altiough in (12) .... years there has been a movement to (13) «1. some of the others to their former glory. This is good news beciuse mills are not only attractive to look (14) «.. but also environmentally friendly in that they get their energy from ay) OAWith regard to BAccordingto © @©)Becauseof DAs a result 1 A strength B usage Cemployment —D importance 2 Amementoes B souvenirs C remnants D reminders 3 A cracking B grinding C pressing D breaking 4 Amade B done C consisted D comprised 5 Aused B invented C known, D designed 6 A Although BBut C Then D Therefore Po7-A way B size C scale D measure B soon Cong D far Bhill C earth D ground B around C afar D apart BLA manufacturing B living C working D running B2.A present B many C recent Diacer B build C renew D make B for C after D into B natural C primitive D common 121| UNIT 2 Paper 3 Part 2 INFORMATION Jn Fart 2 of the Use of English paper, you are given a text which has 15 gaps init. Ome word is needed to fil each gap. The emphasis in this question is on structural accuracy, although some Phrasal vocabulary is also tested, What's being tested: + grammer: adverbs, articles, ausiliary and modal verbs, conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns “balance” strucnures: mmore.... than as ... as; the same. solsuch ... that; the more ... the -er somie vocabulazy: phrésal vocabulary, preposition phrases The word you choose for each gap must be grammatically correct and also have a logical meaning in the sentence and the complete text, 5; at frst... bus later; Familiarisation exercise For Questions 14, read the text below and think of the word which bests fits each space, Use only one word in €ach space. There is an example at the beginning (0). DO FISH SLEEP? ish have no eyelids and so cennot shut their eyes, (I). ‘Some sleep under the sand, while (2) .... look for a Small space in the rocks. The little clowns, ) «+ is found in topical seas, hides among the ay Althoush still need to rest and sleep, Poisonous tentacles of the sea anemone and depends on these (4) ...., protection, Exercise 1 Read the sentences below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. In order to find a suitable word you need to decide what function the missing word has in the sentence. The kind of thoughts that should go through your mind are shown in this exercise, to help you reach the right decision. 1 David was the same boring job. The sentence is complete in meaning 60 the missing Word must be a way of deseribing ed up’ So an adverb is needed, ag. ‘ataly or ‘compl fed up with working in 2 Nadia sat at her desk to .. from her sister. ‘Needs a ver'n But ‘rom is important. What can you do with a letter rom somecne?Thave never actually met him, I 8 There aren’t many countries... you an ski in the morning and go swimming in the warm sea in the afternoon, Gordon works every morning and then spends What relative pronoun can relate to tountry/? ns the afternoon playing golf, 9 p Sentence is complete already, 50 must be something that tell us how much of the afternoon he spends playing golt Needs a linking word to introduce a contrast, —~new needs somewhere to live and work, and most people seem to manage quite well, even in the most difficult circumstances, The gap Is the subject of 5 m—n--n-- main reason for his success was his bet goed sat — bie i E ability to communicate effectively. E Must be an article, and main’ gues the clue the sentence, people’ would ne verb ls singular } 10 According to fitness experts, skipping | —------ burn up more calories than. | oe fae joeaing, is damaging to the legs { {es a spmobierh *Ortoul and in exellent execise foe the hens eats The sentence is about the positive aspects of ni | act eee (oti a ene a ee 's subject, ‘burn up's main verb). Second gap: how damaging sit compared with oaging? fr 7 For centuries, New York has regarded as the gateway to a new life for countless immigrants, Between two verb parts, 60 its going ta be a auuilary verk, part of « passive construction. fl The next train arrive at platform a bank clerk four isthe 20.10 for Manchester. for many years before becoming an actor. y The next tra wil arrive looks fine, unt you read 8 The result of the vote was IMO? closer 1 the end of the sentence, Will doesn’ ft with than anyone had believed possible the 20110% Correct won: ‘to 9 There has been an increase .....2°__. the ‘There was hardly __._"2_.__ work to do in number of people out of work, the factory. : 10 James was an excellent tennis player Shakespeare wrote 37 plays, of ...2h¢™ the 224 ___ was not very good at squash most famous is Romeo and Juliet 11 The woman who opened the door said | There is more than 2”. answer to the —— lle. aciscts but jasc sisoa tece and taffic problem sate ae, 12 Petra knew she had done badly in her exam, oftime to spare. ‘There was too The film would #4. been better ifthe the questions properiy, cnding had been different. stared at us, to the meeting with plenty time to answer all‘You have: + thought about the function ‘You are now going to: * focus on a number of common refer to your grammer book Exercise 3 ‘i waho which where when cohose ewhat Cort Vogel, (1) .1th2.. was born in Vienna i famous was not his native Austria, become a professor at Lincoln Uni Jmnown in the psychology world. (5) ‘on dream interpretation. Towards Was very proud. His col were it has been was would INVENTIONS: THE INTERNET Tc began in 1969 when some scientists in the US military thought ie (1) be handy to link together a few of their computers which.(2) situated in diferent places. Two years later, 23 computers had (3) ».- connected up. Today, the Internet serves over 40 million people worldwide, ‘And as more people connect up, the system (4) the forure, ‘the potential for become even more exciting in ‘and meaning of the missing word ly tested items. If you have difficulty Fill each gap using one of the following relative pronouns. One CARL VOGEL in 1920, died at the weekend. The county (2) « ‘but America, Vogel moved to the USA in 1950 (3) versity, He stayed there mntil1970,by (4). ) + really made him a household name in the end of his life he was sward: leagues described him as ¢ men (7) Fill each gap using one of the following auxiliary verbs, They may be used ‘with any of these constructions, Pronoun is used more than once, hue was most he was invited to + time he was beginning to be the States was his radical theory led the European Science Prize of (6) wu. he Whole life was dedicated ro dreams, in more than one place, INVENTIONS: ANTIBIOTICS ‘This Key breakthrough in medical history (8) ~~ probably never have happened if Alexander Fleming had (6) . thore careful about keeping his laboratory clean! He left a glass plate coated with bacteria lying around and a passing mould spore landed on it and performed its amazing bacterium- Kolling act. That was in 1918, but it took another 11 years before the mould’s magic killer ingredient, penicillin, (7) found. This frst antibiotic (8) since saved millions of lives and is perhaps the single most important discovery known to medical science,Picach gop using one of the following words once only: They focus on ‘balance’. jmever other despite another either in A. COLONY ON MARS tis one thing to land scientific instruments on Mars; (1) "222, ic is quite (2) «+ to establish a base for pumans to explore the planet, Daytime temperatures can rise above freezing, but, because of the extremely thin atmosphere, the sun's heat radiates back into space. Even at the equator, the temperature drops to ~50°C B oc night. (3) fact, there is no ozone layer to keep out ulteaviolet radiation, and hardly any oxygen for (4) - breathing or burning conventional fuels. But (5) ~.- all these problems, scientists are currently working on transport and clothing for Mars and an artificial environment in which colonists could live. However, the potential cost makes the idea of human life on Mars nothing (6) +» than a fantastic dream, Exercise 6 Fill each gap using one of the following pronouns once only. these they our another it themselves their (CHATTING WITH CHIMPS ‘Naturalists have long known that the apes, (1) @#£ nearest relatives in the animal ‘ingtiom, communicate with one (2) «++ through gestures, sounds and facial expressions, But (3) «-- was always thought chat only human beings could use words and sentences. In the 1960s, however, researchers set (4) -« the task of teaching chimpanzees to communicate with humans, [At firt the scientists tried to make (5) «++ speak. But no chimp ever managed to acquire a vocabulary of more than four words and even (6) «-- were spoken with great difficulty. The breakthrough came when two scientists from the University of Nevada decided to try American Sign Language, a system of gestures used by deaf people. After four years, (7) + had taught their first chimps to use 132 signs correetly to communicate (8) +. wants and needs. Exercise 7 Fill each gap in Sentences 1-4 using one of the following words. One of them is used in more than one place. anywhere somebody nobody something 3 During the first few weeks, the new president everyushere was greeted by large cheering crowds 1 The organisers cancelled the conference he went. because by the closing date _."0bed¥... had 4 Datawork Inc. is looking for enrolled. can manage a team of 12 computer 2. This town is really boring. There isn’t programmers. If you think you are that person, to go in the evenings. ... write to us at Datawork Inc. should build a disco or a sports hall or _~ they'd make a lot of money.Unit 2 Fill each gap in Sentences 5-10 using one of the following words once only. liule feo any some none many 5 While Jenny was jogging this morning she slipped and fell. After a few minutes she Picked herself up and carried on running. She didn’t feel... pain in her ankle until she got home. = 6. of Jack’s colleagues shared his pessimistic view. He was the only one who forecast a decrease in profits 7 It’s common for people who win large sums of money to spend a lot, but usually thes'do manage to invest. of it. 8 There are very _ people who can honestly say they have never told a lie 9 The game was so bad that not people stayed until the end, 10 Unfortunately, there is very of finding any more survivors of the earthquake. chance €d filling blanks with some commonly tested words ‘You are now going to: + use the suggestions and clues to help you make the right choice Read the following text and choose which of the two suggested answers fits in cach gap. ‘SAD’ SYNDROME, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a depressive condition (1) affects whichiit one in every 20 people during the winter months. In the northern hemisphere, January to March are the montis (2) «. However, for (3) sffezers feel the worst, badly affected, problems can start (4) «sw eatly as ‘which/when those/these —_as/so ‘August and last right through til spring. The condition is believed to be the (S) »~ ofa lack of sunlight. SAD sufferers feel increasingly tired and depressed and want to sleep and eat more, Light travels (6) «the part of the brain which controls moods and appetite, + ot enough light is received, then the chemical reactions in your sofit body slow down. The{ condition was frst recognised in 1987 but so (8) ‘medical science has not come up with a cure for it. (9) and (7) ccauselresult fromito Jong/far 1 is a weatment Therelit called ‘light therapy" which involves siting in front of a light box for 0) «. symptoms by wearing (11) portable light box, Up to two hours @ day. SAD sufferers can also h special visor around the hezd which acts like & lp relieve their anything/something althe (easide of the text there are notes to help you make yor ALBERT SCHWEITZER 1875-1965 ‘Albert Schweitzer was a man of many talent, but pethaps hei most famous (1) £2" his medical work in Africa, He went (0 Gabon in 1913 (2) .... @ doctor, together with his wife. He wanted to help, ina practical ($) -. , people who were not as forcunate (4) himself. When he began his medical studies (5) «-» the age of 30 he already (6) «three doctorates — fin music, theology and philosophy. Music was a passion F throughout (7) lf and is talent for playing the piano and organ (8) «him to raise money forthe Schweitzer hospital, (©) -~- was builtin Gabon. Today's modern hospital, built ao ~ to che original one, looks (11) .... patients with a wide ety of diseases. (12) «+ Schweitzer died in 1965, his work fontinues, as does his belief (13) ... ‘reverence for life’, which is full he guiding principte atthe hespital in Gabon, Now do the same with this text. TRAIN JOURNEY TO WORK ‘The morning train seemed more crowded (1) « passengers than usual. As Emma pushed her way through she realised that she @). ©) +» how she wanted to start her day. Jus at (4) she spotted (5) ~ probably have to stand up all the way. This was empty seat in the comer of the carriage Swangey, 6). .- ® with something which he wes (10) BPS, At (11) sus of the other passengers seemed to noticed it, so with a feeling of triumph she went sat down, Opposite her (9) «was 8 young boy playing to run ovet his hands and Emma didn’t pay much attention, but then a fudden movement caught her eye.’A large, hairy spider was Running up he boy's arm! So that’s why (12) --. had taken the Sat before her, 127 wie ‘er and then fill each gap with one suitable word. At uur decision. (Grepoeton ater temous') uth a doctor? asa doctor} (rust be a noun becavee of) (what completes 8 forsunate 7) prepostionlomplee phrase ~ i Gorbwhas tte (pronoun - who are me talking about?) (Work, tense? followed by infnitve) lates back to hospital) (preposicion of place, but foloned by ‘to'?) (looks ike aks for looks after?) (shore a negativelposive contrast?) (preposition after beet) (preposition after ‘ronded'?) (part of vert, modal? (positive ar negativef) hich moment) (chs ts 2he frst mention of ‘sezt’) (how many passengers sow it?) (part of ver, auxin?) Goins exo verbs) (Subject of vero ~ 1 he’ there?) Gerk, past cont fotomed by to.) (ithen? contrast with... but then) who? positwe/negativef) GET RRTTT PegUnit 2 SS a ae + Look at the title of the text. Its a kind of summary of what you're going to read, and can help your understanding, ese 2 Read through the whole text, without filling in any gaps, in order to get the general meaning, 3 Go back and start filling in; look at the words surrounding each gap to help you decide the ‘grammatical form and the meaning of the missing word. Remember to think about ‘positive! negative’, ‘singulat/plural’ and ‘balance’ structures, . 4 Read the whole thing again. Make sure you've only written one word for each gap, Exercise 10 For Questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word whi: one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). THE TRUTH ABOUT AMERICAN INDIAN SMOKE SIGNALS Many adults, after watching Western films (0) 28 children, grew up believing that American Indians could communicate with smoke signals almost as easily (1) -» people nowadays talk Ga (2) «telephone, Sadly, the idea that the individual pufis of smoke represent complex messages is typical (3) «the kind of exaggeration that Hollywood loves, Smoke signals were indeed used, but their content (4) «limited to a few simple messages (5) vm meanings had been agreed in advance. Returning Piman fighters in Arizona, for example, might signal the end of a successful battle (6) -. sending up » columh of smoke, and the village (7) .-« reply with two columns of Smoke, One or two unbroken columns of smoke were (8) «that was needed to send a message (9) + was the place that the signal came from — whether the fire was on a hill (10) .- in a valley ~ that was important. ‘When Apaches out hunting spotted another group of Indians (11) -- the distance, they lit a fire well to the right of thelr (12) «+. group, which meant, ‘Who are you?” The others, in order to (13) --- the Apaches know that they were friends, would then use a prearranged reply, Smoke signals were most (14) broadcast news of victory in battle, or to warn of dangers, (15)INFORMATION “transformation” exercise, You are given a senténce, Second sentence. You have to complete the second one of which must be the key word. There are ten questio IF Ic is important to remember th + the maximum number of wor ‘wo words) 1 You must use the key word; you must not change it in any way *_ Your new sentence must have a similar meaning to the first one Part 3 of the Use of English paper is a and then the beginning and end of Jp between two and five words, a key word, sentence with ns in this part, rds is five (contractions count as full words, e.g, wouldn’s is Familiarisation exercise Exercise 1 Rewrite each of the following sentences to say the same thing in another way. There may be several different ways of doing this, but you should only write one. No key words are given for this exercise, and there is no limit to the number of words you can use. For Questions 1-3, complete the second Jeentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first’ sentence, using the word given. Do ‘not jchange the word given. You must use between iro and five words, including the word given. PThere is an example at the beginning (0) ® Tve never seen such a bad film as that one. 1 Ben took no notice of what I was saying, | ever Ben didn't listen to what | nae saying That's the Morse fil Ive cer seen Ben didn't pay avvention to what | was sayin, Ben ignored what | was saying, 2 Whar’s your opinion of his work? 3 Do you know her reasons for leaving the BT didn’t find the lecture interesting, company?" 4 No smoking in here, = henim 5 Te rather not cll you the answer, Steve has such big feet is almost impossible to 6 Ei,@Y opinion, there's no chance of anybody (88 shoes for him, failing the exam. 7-Who does this Book belong 2? = SHY impoiere § Z8 9eviniing th aeroon ‘ope ve got no interes ina pe Shim. 10 Anne spoke without looking at her notes. 1 Gregis very good at paying tenn, 12 Ws not worth asking fim the answe, 13 The students were bored by the lesson,units 14 They paid @ lot of money for their new car 18 Ella has hardly any money left. 15 I spend two hours travelling to work every day, 19 I decided to stay at home because I thought Jo 16 12d be a good idea if you went to the doctor. might ring. 17 Tknow everyone in the village except my 20 As well as playing the piano, Penny also plays neighbour. the guitar. Exercise 2 Now look at the key words for each sentence in Exercise 1. You may find that you've already used some of them in your own sentences. Ifnot, write the sentences using the key word, 2 think 5 want 9 not 13 found 17 only What do you think of his work? 6 everybody 10 didn’t 14 cost. ‘18 almost. 3 why Tis 11 plays 15 me 19 case 4 allowed 8 why 12 point 16 better 20 addition Structural transformations, / In the following pages you will find notes’and practice exercises on the kind of structures which are commonly tested in this part of the exam. You should work through this section over a period of time, focusing on one or two structures each time. Don’t do too much, otherwise your brain will be overloaded! > Active / Passive page 130» Preferences » Passive with impersonal ‘ie? page 132 > Opposite structures, similar > Passive with ‘have / get something done’ page 132 meanings. > Make / Let / Allow Page 133 s0/ such /100/ not ... enotigh > Modals page 133 not as... as... / miore than » Reported speech, page 134 quite near / not far / a long way > Conditionals page 136 any/no/every » If only / I wish / I regret page 137 > Different forms of the same word page 141 » Past simple / Present perfect Page 137» Phrasal verbs page 143 Active / Passive Look at this example. ‘They make excellent wine in Italy’ Excellent wine is made in Italy. Now look at the process for changing a sentence fromiactive to passive. object of first sentence becomes new subject: Excellent wine tense of first sentence: simple present same tense (simple present) of ‘to be’: is ‘past participle of ‘to make" made new, passive sentence: Excellent wine is made In teal. words needed to fill the gap: wine is madefords, including the wor! -d given, so that it fe the second sentence, with between two and five w coplet ‘a similar meaning to the first sentence. different goods. 3 Donald’s sister is teaching him chess, Fi The Japanese export a lot of by taught F a lot of different goods —.. _—- the Donald enn his sister. Japanese. 4 Isensed thar someone was following me. G since I last went to Pam’s house, she has 1 painted her study pink. Thad the feeling that ... followed, ‘been 5 They're going to set the hostages free at midday. Since I last went to her house, Pam's freed at midday. ~ pink. ‘The hostages ke must and the infinitive. Look at how the process works with words ‘You must follow the captain's instructions a al times ‘obeyed = Te capa’ 's instructions must be obeyed at all times. 1 new subject: The captain's instructions 2 ‘tense’ of first sentence: infiisive 3 same form (‘must’ + infinitive) of ‘to be’: must be “4 past participle ~ the key word: obeyed 5 new, passive sentence: che captain's instructions must be obeyed at all times. must be obeyed ‘6 words needed to fill the gap: Exercise 4 with between two and five words, [Complete the second sentence, Fithas a similar meaning to the first including the word given, so that sentence. Iunchtime. should All this work —--—— 2. Why didn’t you add your name to the lst ® before leaving the building? . ought ‘Your name... _. added to the list, before you left che building. Could you wake me up at 8 ‘o'clock, please? be T4 like __. up at 8 o'clock, please. ‘before junchrime.e with impersonal ‘it’ Constructions with belioe, say, think, consider, report, claim, suppose, find, know, acknowledge, understand Look at these examples. Ic is reported that he is the only survivor of the disaster. He is reported to be the only survivor. In ancient times, it was believed that the earth was flat. In ancient times, the earth was believed to be flat. Exercise 5 Complete the second sentence, with between two and five words, including the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, 1 People believe that the President has 2 huge private forrune. to ‘The President fortune, ‘Many scientists think that the world’s climate is changing. believed ‘The world’s climate . scientists to be changing. a huge privare many Some people say that apes can understand ‘human speech. able Apes are said human speech. It was thought by local people that the palace was haunted, by The palace haunted. Everybody says that Florence is a very beautiful city. considered Florence . understand - local people to be a very beautiful city. Passive with ‘have / get something done’ This means that you don’t do something yourself, but somebody else does it for you. Look at the example. Richard:.” Your hair looks nice, Jenny, Jenny: Thanks, I’ve just had it cut, (by my hairdresser) How to form the structure: 1 ‘have’ (in the correct tense) 2 the object (e.g. ‘my hair’) 3 past participle (e.g. ‘cut’) 4 the agent if necessary (e.g, ‘my hairdresser’) / Exercise 6 Complete the second sentence, with between § that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, 1 They are going to X-ray my knee on Friday. have Tm --. knee X-rayed on Friday, ‘The garage think they should service my car serviced ‘The garage think I ought to © (rc agus T can’t tell you the time, because my watch is being repaired. my I don't know the time because I'm at the moment. 132.Book at these examples. ‘boss made him cancel the reservation. iShe was made to apologise. (passive) Jone let me borrow her ear. (active) I was allowed to borrow Jane’s car. (passive) ‘My parents didn’vwouldn’t let me go to discos. {(ectve) ‘My parents wouldn’t allow me to go to discos. (active) Twvasn't allowed ro go to discos. (passive) ercise 7 fUsing the information in the sentence below, feomplete sentences 1-5 using the words given. (There is no word limit in this exercise. Use the fexamples above to help you. ¢ police officer told Oscar that he couldn't leave the room. .. (allowed) allow) ler) 4 The ... (made) 5 Oscar ... (made) (Complete the second sentence with between two fand five words, including the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence HI Because of our dog, the postman couldn’t deliver the leteers. let Our dog would leners, deliver the B The border guards didn’t give us permission to enter the countey, We border guards. ‘What was the reason he wouldn't allow you to have the day off? Tet Why _. to enter the country by the - have the day off? ‘made ‘My mother . my own room tidy. 5.As a child, I had no choice but to look after my baby sister, was When I was younger I look after my baby sister. Modals Look at the following examples and the explanations (in brackets) of what is in the mind of the speaker. Present situations ‘Terry may arrive late, of course. (It’s possible, because he has another appointment.) ‘You must be feeling fed up. Everything has gone wrong for you.) Val ought ro/should be in school. (either I think that’s where she is because that’s her normal routine. or She’s not in school but it would be good if she were.) You can’: be tired. (You've only just woken up.) ‘You have colmust go now. (It's late, so please go:) Does Judy need to be told? (Is it necessary for her to know?) ‘We don’t have to do our homework. (Great! It’s not compulsory, I can choose.) Past situations Stella might not have got the message. (It’s possible that nobody told her.) You must have been very angry. (It was a situation that would make anyone angry.) Really Lena shouldn’t have come to work today, (Ee wasn’t a good idea at all.) ‘They can’t have failed. (It’s almost impossible to believe it!) ‘Why did you have to tell him? (Why did you el it necessary to tell him?) ‘We didn’t need to take any books. (It wasn't necessary — maybe there were some there already.) ‘You needn't have given me a present, (You did. give me one, but really it wasn’t necessary.) USE OF ENGLISUnit 3 Exercise 9 Complete the second sentence with between two and five words, including the word given, so that | ithas a similar meaning to the first sentence, 1 You are not allowed to park your car here, must Cart sen ._ihere, \ 2 Yesterday was a national holiday, so there was no need to go to college. need Because yesterday was 2 national holiday, we clang to college, 3 Itwas a bad idea of ours to buy such a large dog, bought We really such a large dog. 4 Is it necessary for the garage to repair the car this week? have Does ... —~ fepaired this week? 5 Texpect you were delighted to see her again after such a long time. must You . @ long time, i 6 Linda was really lucky that she wasn’t injured in the fall could Linda win the fall 7 It’s not true that Frank is living in America — I saw him in the city centre yesterday. can’t ~~~ to see her again after such Isaw Frank in the city centre yesterday, so he -eennen in America, 8 You're supposed to be working not watching Tv. ought You 4s Mot watching TY, Reported speech Look at this example of how direct speech ca be changed into reported speech. ‘Did you find the answer? asked Ian, Cg ae ‘The following are the most important points to’ remember: + Verb tense changes ‘Till see you later; sai she Anne said she would see me later, + Comimands ~ use the infinitive ‘Dodi’t make so much noise!” said Debbie to her class, a to one step ‘backwards? Anne, Debbie told her class not ro make so much noise. + Temporal changes ‘TIl see you tomorrow, at 10 o'clock; said Ray, the Ray arranged to meet me the following day at 10 o'clock. Pronoun changes ‘Tl give you a hand as soon as I can) said Lesley. me Lesley told me she would give me a hand as "| soon as she could, + Position of yerb in questions ~ no inversion f “How long have you been married?” Ros). asked her mother. she Rosy asked her mother how long she been married, had + Inclusion of if or whether when there is no question-word “Would you prefer smoking or non-smoking?” asked the steward. enquired ‘The steward enquired whether we would prefer smoking or non-smoking. PereaE . ‘Hidden’ indirect questions "Do you know what time it is?” asked Dave. I Dave asked if I knew what time it was. + Reporting verbs ~ see also below ‘Why don’t you go out for a walk, Sam?" said ther father. she ‘Sam’s father suggested she should go out for a walk. ‘Words like suggest are very useful for reporting what ‘a speaker said, because they give a kind of summary; they can also make the report more interesting. Other reporting verbs earn, tll, order, advise, invite, encourage, remind, ‘persuade (plus pronoun plus infinitive with to) ‘I think you should stay at the Highland Hotel,’ said Mr McPhee. ‘Mr MePhee advised us to stay at the Highland Hotel. admit, deny, apologise for, accuse someone of ving) "You took my money, Kevin!” said Angela. Kevin Angéla accused Kevin of taking her money. (plus suggest (plus pronoun plus should plus infinitive without 10) / ‘I think you'd better stay in bed a little longer,’ said the nurse. 1 “The nurse suggested I should stay in bed @ litle longer. suggest (plus -ing) “Why don’t we go to the theatre for a change?” said Fiona, to p * Fiona suggested going to the theatre for a change. offer, refuse, promise (plus infinitive) You can’t come in, I’m afraid,’ the manager said to Pete. LA I Ie ee | to ‘The manager refused to let Pete come in, Complete the second sentence with between two and five words, including the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. "(The sentences practise different aspects of reported speech.) 1 ‘Pm sorry I caused you a problem,’ Paula said. for Paula me a problem. 2 Pil carry your case for you; Lois told Clive. Clive’s Lis eee C8 for hi, 3 ‘Tdidn’t break the plate, said Mandy. denied Mandy the plate 4 "You have beautiful hair’ said Don to Meg. she Don told beautiful hair. 5 ‘Iwouldn’t do that if I were you,’ Jan told me. advised Jan that. 6 ‘Would you like to see my room?” Zoe asked Jo. felt Zoe asked Jo .. room, 7 ‘Don’t play with matches, they're dangerous; Helen told her son. warned Helen - 8 ‘Can you tell me the way to the football stadium? I asked Daniel. knew Tasked Daniel football stadium. 9 ‘Shall I make you a cup of tea, dear?” Mrs Honeybone asked Paul. to ‘Mrs Honeybone of tea 10 “Ied be better if you flew on a weekday,’ the travel agent rold us. to ‘The travel agent weekday. wn Seeing het to play with matches. n= the way to the Paul a cup — fly ona TameUnit 3 Conditionals A ‘conditional’ idea can be connected 10 now, the Past or the furure and can be expressed using « Naviety of words including jf Look atthe following examples, in particular: ~ the verb tenses ~ Whether a ‘positive’ or ‘negative? idea is being expressed . Tf the unemployment situation doesn’t improve, Many young people may find ie difficult to get the kind of jobs they want, Unless James arrives soon, I'm going without hin, Pat your glasses on or/otherwise you'll damage your eyes, If were you, I'd go to Canada, Anne wouldn't live in the city centre if she didn’t have to, My father said he wduld lend me $500 Provided/as long as I paid it back within a year, Twould have a better job today if Pd gone to university. WithoucBur for your help, I wouldn't have got the job. Exercise 11 Complete the following sentences, which practice Some of the basic conditional structures, so that they have the same meaning as the first sentence, 1 Say ‘please’, or I won't give it to you. Ifyou don’t Ifyou ., Unless you 1 2 Thope it stops raining soon, then I car) go for a walk. : Ifit doesn’t... Ific 3 Til tell you provided you promise to keep it a secret. Hyou... Unless ... 4 Debbie is very tall, that’s why she can’t be & ballet dancer, If Debbie wasiwere ... It Debbie wasn’vweren’t § Thaven’t got enough time to start again, unfortunately, If... 6 They didn’t understand the film because they missed the beginning, They would .. 7 Sam forgot to set his alarm clock so he overslept this morning, If Sam .. § You'se cold because you forgot co bring a sweater with you. ‘You wouldn't ... Ifyou hada’t Exercise 12 Complete the second sentence with between imo and five words, including the word given, so ther ithas a similar meaning to the first sentenee, 1 We couldn't have won the competition without your support. Th eenownnone YOUR SUPPOFT, We couldn't have won the competition, 2 T realy think you should ring Chris today, were HT... ring Chris today, 3 You'll understand him if you listen to him carefully won't Vel esa carefully 4 But for her map of the town, Maria would have 2ot lost. she ‘Maria would have got lost ... ‘map of the town, ‘you listen to him § 19 a good thing you brought some sandwiches, otherwise we'd be hungry, brought We'd be bungry sandwiches. oyTan isn’t working here now because he didn’t listen to Clare’s advice. he If Ian had listened to Clare's advice, eS here now. F7 Polly doesn’t understand because nobody explained the situation to her. somebody Polly explained the situation so her. Monly / 1 wish / Iregret {Took at these examples of structures which express a regret about something either in the ® past or the present. I wistulf only I had some money. (but I haven't ‘anfortunately) Lwish/If only I could swim. (but I can’t) David wishes he had worked harder. (but he didn’t) Hf only she had never met him. (but she did) I wishvIf only he would make less noise. (but he ‘won't and I can’t make him) regret telling her my telephone number.) Do you regret not marrying him? Paula regretted her decision. Exercise 13 ' Complete the sentences to practise the verb tenses that go with these constructions. There is, no word limit for this exercise. 1 John would love a car. John wishes ... 2 should have gone to the party last night. I’m sorry I didn’t. : Lregret . 3 Zoe would like to live in a hot country. Zoe wishes 4 Pm really sorry I told them the truth, Ifonly I “5 T really regret coming to work today. Mwish ... 6 ‘That phone has been ringing for ages. Why doesn’t someone answer it? I wish someone «.. Exercise 14 Complete the second sentence with between two and five words, including the word given, so that ithas a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1 Helen regrets not going to bed early last night. wishes Helen... to bed early last night, 2 David was really sorry he hadn't managed to have a holiday. able David wished holiday. 3 I don’t see him anymore, which is a pity. still Twish 4 Pd love to be rict C I _—Fich! 5 Jill wished she hadn’t resigned from her job. regretted Sill. to have _— him, from her job. Past simple / Present perfect for/since/ago Look at these examples, and do the exercise which follows. Tes five years since I last smoked. for Thaven’t smoked for five years. I stopped smoking five years ago. since I's five years since I last smoked. Henry lives in France ~ he moved there ten years ago. living Henry has been living in France for ten years.Exercise 15 Complete the second sentence with between two and five words, including the word given, so that ithas a similar meaning to the first sentence, 1 Brian started work here two and a half years ago. worked Brian __. -~ two and a half years. 2 Thaven't seen my cousin for ages. saw Is... 3 Clare has been a politician for 20 years. politici ~ my cousin. — 20 years ago. in 1984, seen i225 fone, still/yet Look at these examples, and do the exercise which follows. George began writing his book five years ago, and he's still writing it, When Dorothy arrived to take Richard out, he was still getting ready, Is my room free, or is it still being cleaned? Have you done your homework yet? ‘You can’t go in there, the maid hasn’t cleaned it yer, Exercise 16 Complete the second sentence with between two and five words, including the word given, so that ithas a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1 We haven't received Ms Craig's application form yet. still Ms Craig application form, 2 The house is still unsold, I'm affraid yet ‘The house sent in her -- » I'm afraid, 3 The kidnapper is still in the house. left ‘The kidnapper yet. 4 Idon’t think Bob has finished his meal yet, I think Bob __. his meal, the first time ete. Look at these examples, and do the exercise 1 which follows. Pve never met her before. This is the first time I've met her. ‘That was the best party I've ever had, I've never had a better party. Exercise 17 Complete the second sentence with between two and five words, including the word given, so that ithas a similar meaning to the first sentence, 1 I've never scen a better example of Dali’s work, T'm quite sure, seen ‘This is the best example of Dali’s work » Tm quite sure. 2 Have you been to Tibet before? first Is this the c 3 That was the fastest Howard has ever run! faster Howard visited Tiber? - than that!I prefer the theatre to the cinema. I prefer walking to running. Pa (would) rather work than sleep. | Look at these ways of saying what you want (or don’t want) to do. “Come up and have some coffee.’ ‘Td rather go home, actually.” ‘Shall we go? ‘I'd prefer to have another coffee.” ‘How old are you?” ‘Ti rather not tell you” ‘Let's go out? Td prefer not 0? Look at these ways of saying what you want (or don’t want) someone else to do. Td rather you came early tonight, I don't want to be up late, Please say if you'd rather I didn’t come at all Td prefer you to be honest, not just to say things that please me. Mummy would prefer you nor to throw ‘your food, children. Complete the second sentence with between two and five words, including the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1 Emily said she would rather listen than talk to People. preferred Emily said she talking to people. jj 2 ‘I prefer listening to the radio to watching TV; said Johan, rather ‘John-claimed ‘watch TV. _ Scotch whisky than 4 Td rather you didn’t talk to me like that! not jn Sonja doesn’t want to talk about it just now. rather Sonja tallt about it just now. Please don’t throw all that food away. didn’t t. vw throw all that food away. ‘Mel told Bred that she'd rather he stayed away from her. prefer ‘Mel told Fred that .. from her, _. to talk to me like that! stay away Opposite structures, similar meanings $0 / such / too / not... enough Look at this example. ‘The table was very heavy. Ewan could not lift it. He was not strong. The table was too heavy for Ewan to lift. Ewan was not strong enough to lift the table. ‘The table was so heavy that Ewan couldn’t lift it. Ic was such a heavy table that Ewan couldn't lift it. Exercise 19 Using the four constructions above, link the following information in four different ways, ‘The door handle was very high. Pam could not reach it. She was not very tallUnit 3 Exercise 20 Complete tht second sentence with between two and five words, including the word given, so that ithas a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1 The news was so terrible that nobody believed it such Tene that nobody believed it ‘Martin was such a slow walker that he got left behind. so Martin that he got left behind. ‘There were so many people in the room that I couldn’ see anything. was The room anything. ‘The weather was too cold for anybody to go out, such fear oe _. that I couldn’t see went out. ‘Wendy is too young to vote in the elections. old Wendy. to vote in the elections. not as ... as... /more than Look at these examples, Gary is easier to understand than William. William is not as easy to understand as Gary. Sarah cooks better than I do. Idon’t cook as well as Sarah (does). People are much less friendly than they used to be. People are not as friendly as they were. Exercise 21 Complete the second sentence with between two and five words, including the word given, so that ithas a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1 This computer isn’t working as well as it used to. work This computer _—— it does now. 2 People used to have more children than they do nowadays People don’t they used to. Geoff is not nearly as bad at chemistry as Iam, than rm at chemistry, ‘More money is spent on defence than oni education, as Not. defence. on education as on quite near / not far / a long way Look at these examples, It’s not far to the city centre from here, ‘The city centre is quite near here I's d long way from my home to the office. Exercise 22 Complete the second sentence with between two and five words, including the word given, so that ithas a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1 My office is not very far from my home. quite Tlive my office. Its only a short distance from London to Oxford. not Oxford London. 3 Is Paris far from the Channel Tunnel? tong Is Paris, fhe Channel Tunnel? any/nojevery Look at these examples. There wasn’t anvbody/anyone in the room. There was nobodyino oné in the room, Nothing will stop me going. ‘There isn’t anything that will stop me going. veryone left early. No one stayed late.Smplete the second sentence with between two and five words, including the word given, so that it a similar meaning to the first sentence. E Nothing is too much trouble for him. 3 Because everybody remembered to bring a isn’t present, the party was a success. There es 100 Mauch trouble for forgot him. ‘The party was successfull because 2 There isn’t anywhere in the world that I haven't = to bring a present. visited, 4 People ate all the food on the table. nowhere left There -- that I haven't visited. ‘There novinenne O the table. Different forms of the same word ‘A sentence can be rewritten using one of the words in a different part of speech. This means moving between nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Sometimes this produces constructions with prepositions (see Appendices 1 and 2) or other phrasal vocabulary. Exercise 24 Complete the following sentences. Write alternative ways of saying the same thing using the words given, Sometimes you will have to change the form of the given verb to make it fit. There is no word limit for this exercise. The sentences follow the order of the words given, 1 rare (adj) rarely (adv) 5 intend (verb) intention of (noun) don’t go to the cinema very often nowadays. ‘Anne didn’t mean to say that. (My visits co the cinema are rare nowadays. Anne [rarely go the cinema. , Anne had ... 6 explain (verb) explanation for (noun) e's difficult to find a reason why the accident happened: 2 difficult (adj) difficulty in (noun) It was hard for David to make the decision. Tewas a David had ... It’s oeck TH as: : : It's difficult to find .. 3 by accident (noun) accidentally (ade) 5S. Seeain (wer) sues Ga) (aoun) an accident (noun) I didn’t mean to break your porcelain dish. inuceessar (oo) ve never managed to beat ‘Tom at tennis. - spoke, T’ve never “ ve had. — oo T've never been .. child (noun) childhood (noun) 8 apparently (adv) appear (verb) When I was young I lived in India, It seems that Nick refused ro leave Nick ke9 choose (verb) choice (noun) Joe hasn't decided whether to study history or politics, Joc hasn't ... Joe hasn't made ... 10 agree (verb) agreement (noun) ‘The committee decided what to do by the end of the meeting, ‘The commitree ‘The committee reached ... 11 apology (noun) apologise for (verb) ‘The Prime Minister said he was sorry about the financial scandal. ‘The PM made ... The PM... 12 plan (verb) plans (noun) ‘What are you-going to do for Bernard’s birthday? ‘Wat are you ... ‘What are ...? 13 complain (verb) complaint (noun) Walter said he didn’t like the way he was spoken to, Walter ... Walter made ... 14 possible (adj) possibly (adv) Do you think you could lend me some money? Would it be ...? Could you ...? Exercise 25 15 kiss (verb) kiss (noun) ‘The princess quickly placed her lips on the ‘frog's nose, ‘The princess The princess gave .. 16 apply (verb) application (noun) Sam filled in a form in order to get a visa. Sam ... : Sam wrote/made 17 blame (verb) blame (noun) Why do you always think it's my fault? Why do you always:..? Why do you always put ...? 18 responsible (adj) responsibility (noun) ‘What you do is up to you, You must be ... You have to take 19 similay'(adj) similar (adj) similarity (noun) ‘There’s not much difference between Colin and Jill. Colin and Jill. Colin is. Thete’s a lot ... 20 surprising (adj) surprise (noun) Kevin was surprised to see all his friends in the restaurant, Kevin found ... To Kevin's .. Jn Exercise 24 you practised moving between different parts of speech. Now do the same, but this trae complete the second sentence with between two and five words, including the word given, so ‘that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, 1 We are in complete agreément with the majority, totally We 22tally agree with the majority. 2 The danger is that the boat will sink sinking. 3 Iwas surprised to see her appear so suddenly. me Her sudden by surprise. 4 Ithink you must be mistaken, must gira 5 Your anxiety is hard to control when your children are late home, not Is difficule children are late home. 6 We have no time to discuss that problem now. for There is mistake, when your =. of that problem now.7 Barry washed his face quickly. 9 They were married 20 years ago. gave took Bary epee WAS, Their 20 years ago. 8 Why don’t you call Tony and tell him the 40 I's important that we consider everyone’s news? opinions before deciding. a into T suggest you and tell him the Everyone’s opinions must... news. before deciding, Phrasal verbs Teis possible to have your knowledge of phrasal verbs tested through sentence transformation. As with all Hus of phrasal vocabulary, you need to build up your knowledge slowly. However, in this part of the xan, you'll probably only have one question on a pirasal verb (and maybe-nor even one) ~ 60 don't ‘worry too much. Exercise 26 ithas a similar meaning to the first sentence. BBB 1 Taon't see why [should tolerate the way you By pskome. os = Why should pet uewith the way you = speak to me? BBD 2 slexand I enjoy each other's company 2 lot fet ' 2 Alex and I wun together. 3 Barry spoke angrily to me because Pd damaged his bike. off Barry os 4 Ie’s ages since anyone has thought of an idea. come No one has _. damaging his bike. for a long tinte. 5 Lused to enjoy watching horror movies but I don’t now. gone horror movies. Oy Complete the second sentence with between tw 19 and five words, including the word given, so that 6 You can’t change your decision now, I'm afraid. to ‘You must already decided, I'm afraid. 7 The publicity for the film was so awful I decided not to see it. put Tne the film by the publicity 8 We waved goodbye to Jim at the airport. off We ene at the airport. what you've 9 It’s impossible for me to make sense of what she said. work Tse 10 The younger generation used to show respect for the older generation. up ‘The older generation used. the younger generation. __. she meant.Gian Se aa a) 1 Read the whole sentence. 2 Look at the key word. \ 3 Think about what is being tested ~ passive, indirect speech, opposites, same word but different art of speech ete, 4 Write your sentence and remember: = you must not change the key word ~ You must use between two and five words to fil the gap Exercise 27 Exam practice For Questions 1-10, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the firs | sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use betwees two and fing words, including the word given. There is an example at the beginning (0), Example: 0 P've never seen such a bad film as that one, ever That's the seen, ‘The gap can be filled by the words ‘worst film Thave ever’ so you write: Worst fllm | have ever I didn’t realise that the train station was so far from the city centre, way I didn’t realise that the train station was ~~ from the city centre, Amy regrets not telling her brother the truth. wishes Amy oun her brother the truth 3 You can’t compare the two tax systems. make Ie’ not possible systems. ‘T wouldn’t sail too close to the rocks if T were you,’ Lisa said to Roger, warned Liege Why don’t you give David your answer? had Titik + the two tax sail too close to the rocks. David your answer, 6 I'm sure Jack left his job for a good reason. must / Jack 1 good reason for leaving his job. It was because Carol was so generous that the club managed to survive. to Te was 3 to survive, that the club managed I'm very pleased to announce the opening of Connell’s new supermarket. great Iris _ — I announce the opening of Connell’s new supermarket, ‘The weather stopped the concert from going ahead, impossible The weather go ahead. “You'll have to replace your printer soon,’ said the salesman. have ‘The salesman told me that my printer tL the concert to