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Ohm's Law & Power Basics

This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 4 of the textbook "Electrical Circuits" by Robert L Boylestad, including: 1) Ohm's Law relating voltage, current, and resistance in electrical circuits. Power is the rate of doing work, measured in watts, and energy is the work done over time, measured in joules. 2) Power is calculated by multiplying voltage and current, and examples are given for calculating power dissipated by resistors. Energy is calculated by multiplying power by time. 3) Circuit efficiency is defined as the ratio of energy output to energy input, and examples are provided for calculating motor efficiency and output. 4) Several end-of-chapter problems

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81 views9 pages

Ohm's Law & Power Basics

This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 4 of the textbook "Electrical Circuits" by Robert L Boylestad, including: 1) Ohm's Law relating voltage, current, and resistance in electrical circuits. Power is the rate of doing work, measured in watts, and energy is the work done over time, measured in joules. 2) Power is calculated by multiplying voltage and current, and examples are given for calculating power dissipated by resistors. Energy is calculated by multiplying power by time. 3) Circuit efficiency is defined as the ratio of energy output to energy input, and examples are provided for calculating motor efficiency and output. 4) Several end-of-chapter problems

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Electrical Circuits (EEE-141)

Chapter-4: Ohms Law, Power and Energy


Book: Robert L Boylestad, 12th Edition

Prof. K. M. A. Salam (KAS)

1
Ohm’s Law:
• The symbol E is applied to all sources of
voltage and the symbol V is applied to all
voltage drops across components of the
network.

For any resistor, in any network, the direction of


current through a resistor will define the polarity
of the voltage drop across the resistor

2
Plotting Ohm’s Law:

3
POWER:
• The term power is applied to provide
an indication of how much work Where, the energy (W) measured in
(energy conversion) can be joules and the time t in seconds.
accomplished in a specified amount
of time; that is, power is a rate of
doing work.
• Since energy is measured in joules (J)
and time in seconds (s), power is
measured in joules/second (J/s). The
electrical unit of measurement for
power is the watt (W)

4
Power:

• Example: What is the power dissipated by a 5 Ω resistor if the current is 4 A?


Solution:

Prob: Determine the current through a 5 k Ω resistor when the power dissipated
by the element is 20 mW.

5
Energy:
• The energy is the work done over a period of time and denoted by,

Example-1: How much energy (in kilowatthours) is required to light a 60 W bulb


continuously for 1 year (365 days)?
Solution:

Example-2: What is the cost of using a 5 hp motor for 2 h if the rate is 11¢ per kilowatthour?
Solution:

6
Efficiency:
• Energy input = energy output + energy lost or stored by the system

7
Efficiency:
• Example: A 2-hp motor operates at an efficiency of 75%. What is the power input in
watts? If the applied voltage is 220 V, what is the input current?
Solution:

Prob#1: What is the output in horsepower of a motor with an efficiency of 80% and
an input current of 8 A at 120 V?

Prob#2: If η = 0.85, determine the output energy level if the applied energy is 50 J.

8
#Prob.1: The voltage drop across a transistor network is 22 V. If the total resistance is 16.8 k, what is
the current level? What is the power delivered? How much energy is dissipated in 1 h? BOOK-28

#Prob.2: A 1 W resistor has a resistance of 4.7 M. What is the maximum current level for the resistor? If
the wattage rating is increased to 2 W, will the current rating double? BOOK-30

#Prob.3: A calculator with an internal 3 V battery draws 0.4 mW when fully functional. BOOK-34
a. What is the current demand from the supply?
b. If the calculator is rated to operate 500 h on the same battery, what is the ampere-hour rating of the
battery?

#Prob.4: A 20 k resistor has a rating of 100 W. What are the maximum current and the maximum
voltage that can be applied to the resistor? BOOK-35

#Prob.5: The electric bill for a family for a month is $74. a. Assuming 31 days in the month, what is the
cost per day? b. Based on 15-h days, what is the cost per hour? c. How many kilowatthours are used per
hour if the cost is 11¢/kWh? BOOK-43

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