PLANNING I

SITE PLANNING
1ST SEMESTER ‖ AY: 2022-2023

TOPIC SCOPE OF WORK

SUB-TOPIC No matter sites are large or small, they must be viewed
as part of the total environment.
SUB-SUB-TOPIC
Site Planners designate the uses of land in detail by:

SITE PLANNING INTRODUCTION • Selecting and analyzing sites

Site Planning is the organization of an area of land fit • Forming land use plans
a program for its development which efficient, • Organizing vehicular and pedestrian
expresses the character of the site, and provides circulation
attractive to use. • Designing visual form and materials concept
• Readjusting the existing landforms by design
SITE PLANNING grading
• The art and science of arranging the structures • Providing proper drainage
on the land and shaping the spaces between an • Developing the construction details necessary
art of arranging uses of land linked to to carry out their project
architecture, engineering, landscape
architecture, and city planning. RELATED PROFESSIONALS
• Site plans locate objects and activities in space Site planning is professionally exercised directly by
and time. These plans may be concerning a landscape architects, but there are related professions
small cluster of houses, as ingle building and its involved which are architects, urban and regional
grounds, or something as extensive as a small planners, engineers.
community built in a single operation.
On larger commissions the landscape architect
PURPOSE OF SITE PLANNING often serves as a member of a closely coordinated
• To learn and practice a logical methos of fitting professional team, which includes architects,
design programs and sites harmoniously engineers, planners, and scientist-advisors.
• To understand how natural factors(landscape),
ENVIRONMENT AND QUALITY OF LIFE
socio-economic forces (planning), and
• Site planning is the organization of the external
technological functions (architecture and
physical environment to accommodate human
engineering) interact in the design process.
behavior.
• To understand the importance of graphic and
• It deals with the qualities and locations of
verbal communication skills.
structures, land, activities and living things.
COMPONENTS OF SITE PLAN • It creates a pattern of those elements in space
and time, which will be subject to continuous
future management and change.
o Spirit of place
o Character of the place
o Nature of the project
o Behavioral studies

FOUR BASIC MODELS OF SITE PLANNING IN

HISTORY
1. Fixing the Place or Space
2. Defining the Enclosure
3. Sense of Order
Buildings, Roads, Walkway, Trees/Garden/Pool, Water, 4. Form of Axial
Plaza, Pier, Environment, and etc.
FIXING THE PLACE OR SPACE In site planning, as in other forms of problem
solving, the critical thinking process of research,
The image and form of the object
analysis, and synthesis makes a major contribution to
building are capable of fixing a place
the formation of design decisions process.

FLOW CHART OF DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

DEFINING THE ENCLOSURE

A collection of independent
structures, which although
unattached, create a coherent image
of a place

SENSE OF ORDER

The form of the building can be such

that a place may be fixed by the
enclosure of the facades

FORM OF AXIAL

Although the kinetic implications of • Defining the problem

the word “path” are somewhat • Site and program analysis
contradictory, paths are nonetheless • Schematic design with preliminary cost
capable of forming coherent, estimate
meaningful images • Design development
• Design process
LAYERS OF SITE PLANNING
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
Landscape Architecture is the profession which
Mass and Space applies artistic and scientific principles to the
research, planning, design, and management of both
Zoning
natural and built environments.
Circulation
Practitioners of this profession apply creative and
Service & Maintenance technical skills and scientific, cultural and political
knowledge in the planned arrangement of natural
MODEL OF SITE PLANNING PROCESS constructed elements on the land with a concern for
the stewardship and conservation of natural,
constructed, and human resources.

The resulting environments shall serve useful,

aesthetic, safe, and enjoyable purposes.

Landscape Architects design outdoor spaces to

serve specific purposes and meet certain needs of the
users

No one likes to be manipulated, but sometimes we

have to do it to get what we want…

Sometimes, we only have to change the existing

landscape a little bit to meet our needs

But sometimes, we have to manipulate the existing

landscape a lot!!!
 PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN (LANDSCAPE ARCHI) PROPORTION
• Balance The size relationships between all the features of
• Focalization of Interest the landscape including vertical, horizontal and spatial
• Simplicity relationships
• Rhythm and Line
Main proper proportional relationships in a
• Proportion landscape between:
• Unity
• Building and People
BALANCE • Building and Plants
Materials are distributed evenly on opposite sides • Plants and People
of a central axis • Plants and Plants
• Macro-range – the viewer sees the landscape • Masses and Soils
from the most distant vantage point A design in proper proportion and scale when a
• Closer range – the views from other location pleasing relationship exists among and between each
not as distant component and the design as a whole.
Three types of Balance:
LANDSCAPE ARCHI – RESPONSIBLE DESIGN
1. Symmetric Balance
Responsible Design Idea #1
• One side is a reflective mirror image of
the opposite side What do I need, and how can I get it with the least
• Most formal type of balance amount of disturbance to the natural ecosystem?
2. Asymmetric Balance
• Each side has as much interest as the Responsible Design Idea #2
other How can I meet the needs of the users in a way that
3. Proximal/Distal Balance protects their health and safety?
• Each balances right and left as well as
near and far Responsible Design Idea #3

How can I design an outdoor space with the least

FOCALIZATION OF INTEREST
impact on our natural resources?
• Selects and positions visually strong items in
the landscape composition to create focal
PARAMETERS OF SITE SELECTION AND ANALYSIS
points
Site Planning is the deliberate and systematic
• Draws the eye of the viewer to one major
process of guiding development of land through
feature in each use area
determination of the detailed layout of an area in
Ex: Corner Planting relation to the natural environment and human
requirements.
SIMPLICITY
• Seeks to make viewers comfortable within the In overall planning process, site planning
landscape features after the strategic(overall) planning has taken
• Excludes any unnecessary changes in shape place and after location of land uses has been decided
color, direction, etc. in relation to social, economic and environmental
needs.
RHYTHM AND LINE
Site planning is essentially based on the
• Repeating something at a standard interval or
assumption that there is an interaction between the
pattern creates rhythm and lines
social needs of users (space required for different
• Establishes the shape and form of the
users, as well as their physical comfort and
landscape replicating strong existing lines of a
psychological well-being) and the physical and natural
house or pool
environment characteristics of each site (slope aspect,
• Functions of line plantings include foundation
sunshine, soil, vegetation, and fauna, etc.)
planting, block a view, frame a view and
provide privacy
 WHY DO WE NEED SITE PLANNING? • Edgar M. Hoover – one of the leading pioneers
• To gain an understanding of the way people’s in the field of site analysis
actions are constrained and limited by the o Authored a book “The Location of
physical environment Economic Activity”
o Compilation crucial criteria of
• To conserve what remains of the flora and
industrial site selection as early as
fauna that make up the natural world
1948 that still apply today
• To provide for people’s primary needs such as
• Theodor Sabathil’s 1969 dissertation is
shelter, food and economic activity
consider one of the early in-depth studies in
• To encourage the development of
the area of international site selection.
environments which people experience as
o Largely focused on country selection,
satisfactory places in which to live, work or
which is part of the site selection
play
process
WHAT ENTAILS SITE PLANNING? o A theoretical approach to site
selection.; the latter does not go into
• What should happen on given area of land?
detail
• Where should it happen?
o Did not consider legal, natural, nor
• What will it cost to implement and manage the
cultural site factors in his
project on that area of land?
considerations though he discussed
An evaluation of the vast range of environmental, company-specific framework
social and economic factors which should have a conditions and psychological factors.
bearing on the decision-making process • Peter Tesch made a dissertation in 1980
o Tesch combines theories of
SITE SELECTION international trade and investment
For every site, there is an ideal use, For every use, with site theories
there is an ideal site o He is the first to include country-
specific framework conditions in his
• Site selection indicates the practice of new analysis
facility location, both for business and o The main basis for his comments on
government. the various types of internalization are
• Site selection involves measuring the needs of location-specific competitive
a new project against the merits of potential advantages
locations. o Tesch developed a catalogue of
• The practice came of age during the 20th criteria for international site decisions
century, as governments and corporate grouped into three categories:
operations expanded to new geographies on a ▪ Site factors affecting all
national and international scale. company activities
▪ Availability and costs of the
BRIEF HISTORY site factors impacting on the
• Site selection was formalized in the 1940s and production factors
1950s through several important U.S. ▪ Turn-over-related site factors
government projects. • Thomas Goette
• The site selection process developed for these o 1994 study tries to classify important
projects was refined and later became international site factors and to
standard practice in the private sector. structure the process of international
• As the U.S. economy and population expanded site selection
in the post-war years, so did corporate o Goette distinguishes between:
operations. ▪ Economic Site Conditions
• Large companies began using a formal site ▪ Political Site Considerations
selection process to identify ideal locations for ▪ Cultural Site Conditions; and
new corporate campuses and, in particular ▪ Geographical Site Conditions
manufacturing operations
ECONOMIC SITE CONDITIONS SITE ANALYSIS PROCESS
• Sales potential, competitive conditions,
infrastructure and transportation costs, labor,
monetary conditions

POLITICAL SITE CONDITIONS

• Tax legislation, environmental protection,

institutional market entry barriers, support of
business, political risks

CULURAL SITE CONDITIONS

• Difference in language, mentality, religion, and

the lack of acceptance of foreign companies

GEOGRAPHICAL SITE CONDITIONS

• Climate, topography

SITE SELECTION PROCESS

The site selection process includes a detailed
evaluation of project needs which are then measured
against the merits of potential locations.

The process typically includes selecting and

evaluating communities, real estate analysis and
acquisition, and may include negotiating tax incentives.

The process includes the following steps:

• Define project criteria

• Evaluate communities
• Create short list of communities based upon
project criteria
• Identify real estate sites within each finalist
community
• Real estate analysis
• Negotiate tax incentives
• Site Acquisition (rights)

SITE ANALYSIS
The preliminary phase of architectural and urban
design processes dedicated to the study of the climatic,
geographical, historical, legal, and infrastructural
context of a specific site.

The result of this analytic process is a summary,

usually a graphical sketch, which sets in relation the
relevant environmental information with the
morphology of the site in terms or parcel, topography,
and built environment.

This result is then used as a starting point for the

development of environment-related strategies during
the design process.