Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE
Introduction to the
Philosophy of the
Human Person
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Pursuing Wisdom and Facing the
Challenges of the 21st Century
MELC: Distinguish a holistic perspective
from a partial point of view. (PPT11/12-Ia-1.1)
MELC: Realize the value of doing Philosophy in obtaining
a broad perspective in life. (PPT11/12-Ib-1.2)
MELC: Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete
situation from a holistic perspective. (PPT11/12-Ib-1.3)
Prepared by:
ELIZABETH O. MABUTI
SHS Teacher III
Sta. Rosa National High School
DANIEL C. OBRERO
SHS Teacher I
Bingao National High School
Introduction the Philosophy of the Human Person - Grade 11/12
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Pursuing Wisdom and Facing the Challenges of the
21 st Century
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
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impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand
names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Elizabeth O. Mabuti
Daniel C. Obrero
Editor: Elizabeth Mabuti
Reviewers: Florante Riego
Illustrators:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Joann A. Corpuz
Joye D. Madalipay
Arnel S. Bandiola
Jenetrix T. Tumaneng
Milagros Malvar
Name of PSDS In Charge
Schools Division of Ilocos Norte
Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos
Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605
E-mail Address:
[email protected] 11/12
Introduction to
the Philosophy
of the Human
Person
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Pursuing Wisdom and Facing the
Challenges of the 21st Century
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person 11/12
Module on Pursuing Wisdom and Facing the Challenges of the 21 st Century. This
module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
Note to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you
in guiding the learners
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. Please note that Lesson 1 will have to be done for 2 weeks. You also need
to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Module
on Pursuing Wisdom and Facing the Challenges of the 21 st Century. This module
was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. Lesson 1 will be for 2 weeks. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need This will give you an idea of the skills or
to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
What I This part includes an activity that aims to check
Know what you already know about the lesson to take. If
1
you get all the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
current lesson with the previous one.
Whats New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to
you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem,
a problem opener, an activity or a situation.
What is it This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the exercises using
the Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what
you learned from the lesson.
What I Can This section provides an activity which will help you
Do transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
mastery in achieving the learning competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be given to you
Activities to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson
learned.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
This is a list of all sources used in developing this
References module.
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The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master distinguishing a holistic perspective from a partial point of view. This
module will develop you to become lover of wisdom and will understand the
importance of having a holistic perspective in coping with the 21st century
challenges. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of
the course.
The module contains one lesson namely:
Lesson 1 – Pursuing Wisdom and Facing the Challenges
of the 21st Century
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view;
PPT11/12-Ia-1.1
2. realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective on life;
PPT11/12-Ib-1.2
3. do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic
perspective. PPT11/12-Ib-1.3
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What I Know
Activity 1: Poetry Analysis
Photo by: Google images
Direction: Watch the video clip about the poem Six Blind men and the
Elephant by John Godfrey Saxe’s, a classic Indian legend. Here’s the link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBqgr5xZLz0
Here’s the script of the poem:
The Blind Men and the Elephant John Godfrey Saxe (1816-1887)
It was six men of Indostan
To learning much inclined,
Who went to see the Elephant
(Though all of them were blind),
That each by observation
Might satisfy his mind.
The First approached the Elephant,
And happening to fall
Against his broad and sturdy side,
At once began to bawl:
"God bless me! but the Elephant
Is very like a WALL!"
The Second, feeling of the tusk,
Cried, "Ho, what have we here,
So very round and smooth and sharp?
To me 'tis mighty clear
This wonder of an Elephant
Is very like a SPEAR!"
The Third approached the animal,
And happening to take
The squirming trunk within his hands,
Thus boldly up and spake:
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"I see," quoth he, "the Elephant
Is very like a SNAKE!"
The Fourth reached out an eager hand,
And felt about the knee
"What most this wondrous beast is like
Is mighty plain," quoth he:
"'Tis clear enough the Elephant
Is very like a TREE!"
The Fifth, who chanced to touch the ear,
Said: "E'en the blindest man
Can tell what this resembles most;
Deny the fact who can,
This marvel of an Elephant
Is very like a FAN!"
The Sixth no sooner had begun
About the beast to grope,
Than seizing on the swinging tail
That fell within his scope,
"I see," quoth he, "the Elephant
Is very like a ROPE!"
And so these men of Indostan
Disputed loud and long,
Each in his own opinion
Exceeding stiff and strong,
Though each was partly in the right,
And all were in the wrong!
After watching the video clip or reading the poem, answer the questions that
follow. Write the letter that best represents your answer in your activity notebook.
1. Who among the blind men gave the correct answer?
A. Not one of them gave the correct answer.
B. Only one of them gave the correct answer.
C. The second blind man.
D. The fourth blind man.
2. In the context of the elephant story, what do you think is a holistic
perspective?
A. Understanding the part of something
B. Understanding both the whole and the parts of something
C. Understanding the whole of something
D. Understanding ourselves
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3. What is the importance of the holistic perspective as pointed out by the poet
John Godfrey Saxe?
A. Helps us understand what is going on and what we really mean or
refer to when we interact and communicate with each other.
B. Understanding one’s own point of view.
C. We speak only of what we have in mind.
D. We understand ourselves only
4. Which of the following statements refer to partial point of view?
A. The way a person sees the reality or some phenomenon depends on a
single factor or causal agency.
B. The way a person sees reality depends on many factors.
C. What others think about a person.
D. What you think of others.
5. What does the elephant represent in the story according to John Godfrey
Saxe?
A. The elephant are human beings.
B. The elephant represents religions.
C. The elephant is a metaphor for God.
D. The elephant is the universe.
Pursuing Wisdom and Facing
Lesson
the Challenges of the
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21st Century
One of the key elements in many educational reforms is diversity, difference
and choice or other proposals that establish separate curricular routes for different
groups or individuals. Diversity is the difference that makes each person unique.
Sometimes we have difficulty in accepting others because they are different from
us. Yet, such behavior can limit a person’s opportunities or can make the person
feel excluded or aggrieved. Educational challenge in the 21st century entails how to
deal appropriately with cultural and racial multiplicity and that one does not
engage in harassment of any form. (Kurcinka 2006)
Diversity makes every individual unique. That is why we have much
difficulty in accepting others because our culture, family life, beliefs, geography,
experiences, ethnicity and religion are different from each other.
In this fast ever-changing 21st century, the learner must understand the
value of finishing education and that it is not simply going through the internet but
realizing that one must aim towards individual progress along with caring and even
improving the world in which he lives.
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What’s In
Activity 2: Brainstorming Using Picture Analysis
Direction: Analyze the pictures presented. Answer the questions given in
each of the pictures. Use your activity notebook to write your answers.
1.
What do you think is the message
conveyed?
___________________________________
___________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
Photo by: Google images
2.
What is the meaning of the symbol?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Photo by: Google images
3. What is the meaning of the symbol?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Photo by: Google images ______________________________________
4. _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
______________________________________
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What virtue do you value most? Why?
(Wisdom, beauty, honesty or open-mindedness?)
Note the Teachers
The teacher must consider the prerequisite skills needed in
the development of this competency including the schema or
background knowledge which may reinforce learning. This module
will help the learners bridge the gap of learning to attain mastery
of the lesson in its spiral progression.
What is New
The Meaning of Philosophy
Etymologically, the word “philosophy’ comes from the two Greek words,
philo, meaning “to love” and sophia, meaning “wisdom”. Philosophy originally
meant, “love of wisdom” and in a broad sense, wisdom is still the goal of
philosophy. Philosophy is also defined as that by natural light of reason studies the
first cause of highest principles of all things.
How to explain Philosophy in the following studies:
1. Science – it is called science because the investigation is systematic. It follows
steps or it employs certain procedures.
2. Natural Light of Reason – Philosophy investigates things not by using
any other laboratory instrument or investigative tools, neither on the basis of
supernatural revelation, otherwise it becomes theology; instead the philosopher
uses his natural capacity to think or simply, human reason alone or the so - called
unaided reason.
3. Study of all things – This sets the distinction between philosophy from
other sciences. All other Sciences concern themselves with a particular object of
investigation.
First Cause or Highest Principle
1. Principle of Identity: Whatever it is, and whatever is not is not.
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2. Principle of Non - Contradiction – It is impossible for a thing to be and not to
be at the same time, and at the same respect.
3. Principle of Excluded Middle – A thing is either is or is not, everything must
be either be and not be.
4. Principle of sufficient Reason – nothing exist without a sufficient reason.
Socrates:
“To be happy, a person
has to live a virtuous
life”
Photo by: Google images
What is It
Virtue is not something to be taught or acquired through education, but
rather, it is merely an awakening of the seeds of good deeds that lay dormant in the
mind and heart of a person.
Branches of Philosophy
Metaphysics - only an extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in
every human being to know what is real. The question is how to account for this
unreal thing in terms of what you can accept as real.
Ethics - explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human actions. It
is generally the study of the nature of moral judgement.
Epistemology – deals with nature, sources, limitations and validity of
knowledge (Soccio 2007) Epistemological questions are basic to all other
philosophical inquiries. Epistemological data explains how we know what we claim
to know.
Logic – Greek word logike (coined by Zeno, the Stoic(c. 340-265B.C.) It
means treatise on matters pertaining to the human thought logic is
concerned with the truth and the validity of our arguments regarding such objects.
Aesthetics – the science of the beautiful in its various manifestations
including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly.
Why Become a Philosopher?
On Attaining a Comprehensive Outlook in Life
1. Expanding our Philosophical Frames: Western and Non-Western
Traditions
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According to many philosophers there are three great original centers of
philosophy in the world- Greek (or Western), Indian and Chinese. All these three
arose as a critical reflections on their own cultural traditions.
From the time of the Greek Triumvirate ( Socrates, Plato and Aristotle),
there was a reversal. The western thinkers started to indulge in feverish
philosophical activity. At present , almost all the major philosophical ideas
emanate from western thinkers (Quito 1991)
Quito, 1991 stated that the world becomes smaller. It is increasingly
important to develop an understanding of culture centers around the globe that
are very different from our own. Each society or culture has its own ideas of itself, a
definition of what is important in life, and its own ideas of itself, a definition of what
is important in life, and its own notions of what the world is like in general terms;
thus, each day or culture can be said to have its own “philosophy”
2. Filipino Thinking: From Local to Global
a) Holistic and Interior Dimensions
Kagandahang-loob, kabutihang-loob and kalooban are terms that show
sharing of one’s self to others. According to Mercado (1992), interiority manifest
itself in freedom. Loob puts one in touch with his fellow beings. Great Philippine
values, in fact are essentially interpersonal. The use of intermediaries or go
betweens, the values of loyalty, hospitality, pakikisama (camaraderie, conformism),
and respect to authority are such values that relate to persons. Eventually, we
Filipinos generally believe in the innate goodness of the human being.
b) Filipino Philosophy of Time
Filipinos are definitely optimistic. He looks to the future with hope because
he believes that life’s wheel can not stay down forever. He also looks at every event
in life as fortunate or unfortunate, or as passing or other else.
c) Bahala Na
Subconsciously Bahala na attitude is a part of the Filipino life. It means to
live everything to God who is Bathala. It is one of the most outstanding Filipino
virtues. It also refers to the courage to take risks.
d) Filipino Thought and Values: Positive and Negative Aspects
The Philippine values and system in line with Filipino philosophy, are in
grim need to be used as positive motivation. The Filipino sees himself belonging to
a small, primary group in the society.
e) Philosophy: Transcending and Aiming a Life of Abundance
Aguilar 2010 stated that abundance means to overflow non-stop. Abundance
is outflowing than in-coming. It does not refers to the increase of material things or
people but our relationship with others, ourselves, and with nature.
o Abundance is not what we gather but we scatter
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o Abundance is not what we keep but we give away.
o Abundance is not what we hold but what we share.
o Abundance is a choice.
o Abundance is to evolve into a higher being.
What’s More
Activity 3: Tri-Question Card
Direction: Answer the following questions: Use your activity notebook to write your
answers.
Question Answer
1. What is Philosophy?
2. Do you think Philosophy is
important in the age of
globalization? Why or why
not?
3.What is your Philosophy in
life?
What I have Learned
Abundance is not what we gather but what we scatter.
Abundance is not what we keep but what we give away.
We must love wisdom and use critical thinking to make right
decisions and choices in life.
To build harmonious relationship with others, we must also be open-
minded inorder to understand people and deal with them.
What I Can Do
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Activity 4: Happiness is…
Write an essay about the following topic: How do you define happiness? Do
you support the view of Socrates – “To be happy, a person has to live the virtuous
life.” Explain your view. What are the practical ways you can do to make others
happy. Use your activity notebook to write your essay.
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Use your activity notebook to
write your answers. Write the letter only.
1. Which branch of philosophy deals with arguments?
a. Metaphysics b. Ethics c. Epistemology d. Logic
2. What Filipino value puts one in touch with one’s fellow beings and is essentially
interpersonal?
a. Kagandahang-loob
b. Bahala na
c. Pagka-makakalikasan
d. Pagsusumikap
3. Which branch of philosophy evaluates human actions?
a. Logic b. Epistemology c. Ethics d. Metaphysics
4. The science of the beautiful in its various manifestations including the sublime.
a. Epistemology b. Aesthetics c. Ethics d. Metaphysics
5. Etymologically, what does philosophy mean?
a. Love for fellowmen
b. Love of wisdom
c. Love for country
d. All of the above
6. Virtual Reality vs. The Real thing is under what branch of philosophy?
a. Ethics b. Logic c. Metaphysics d. Epistemology
7. What is Bahala Na Thinking?
a. Definitely optimistic
b. The courage to take risks
c. Being judgemental
d. Living a life of abundance
8. How can a person live a virtuous life?
a. By helping others
b. By developing self-confidence
c. By living a life of abundance
d. All of the above
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9. What does abundance is not what we gather but what we scatter mean?
a. It refers to believing in yourself that all will be well.
b. It refers to have positive outlook in life.
c. It refers to standing strong despite the many difficulties you encounter in life
d. It refers to the relationship with others, ourselves and with nature.
10. What is the Filipino philosophy of time?
a. Filipinos are definitely optimistic.
b. To live everything to God who is control of everything.
c. To evolve into a higher being.
d. The Filipino sees himself belonging to a small, primary group in the society.
Congratulations for a job well
done. Your module 1 ends here.
Keep safe!
RUBRICS FOR ASSESSMENT
Rubrics for Activity 3 and 4
CRITERIA POINTS
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Content 10
Organization 10
Originality 10
Quality/Creativity 10
Writing Mechanics 10
Total 50
Answer Key
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Activity 1: Activity 2: Activity 3-4:
Subjective
1. A 1.The message conveyed
2. B by the statue of the ASSESSMENT
3. A “thinker” is for us to
4. A always love wisdom and 1. D
5. C critical thinking in order 2. A
to make up the right 3. C
decisions and choices in 4. B
life.
5. B
2.Yin Yang shows a 6. C
balance between two 7. B
opposite elements in each 8. A
section. It means that all 9. D
things exist as an
10.A
inseparable and
contradictory opposites.
3.The symbol represents
cooperation which is
necessary in order to
better carry out purposes
and goals in life.
4.Open-mindedness is a
virtue we must value most
because in having this, we
will be able to build
harmonious relationship
to other and through it we
will be able to reached out
other things in life.
References
Ramos, C. (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person.
www.rexpublishing.com.ph
Guevara, G. (2016) Pambungad na Pilosopiya ng Tao.
15
www.rexpublishing.com.ph
MABUTI, E. (2018) Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. SDOIN
WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION
Department of Education. "K To 12 Most Essential Learning Competencies With
Corresponding CG Codes". Pasig City: Department of Education Central
Office, 2020.
Media/Websites/Internet Sites:
https://www.google.com/search?
q=6+blind+men+and+the+elephant&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi
Hz6vu1_LqAhVGGaYKHQCiB_QQ_AUoAXoECBgQAw&biw=1366&bih=625#imgrc=E
dMT9GJVdrQXxM
https://www.wikihow.com/Become-a-Philosopher
https://www.redcross.org.ph
https://www.allabout philosophy.org>wiki
https://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yin_yang.svg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nqqyq6Yo67E
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=methods+of+philosophizing
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=transcendence+in+the+global+age
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths
https://tricycle.org/magazine/noble-eightfold-path/
https://www.slideshare.net/kazekage15/the-human-person-in-their-environment
https://www.britannica.com/topic/anthropocentrism
https://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/Ethnocentrism
http://www.takepart.com/flashcards/what-is-a-carbon-footprint/index.html
https://www.tamera.org/deep-ecology/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIkuKJx-
W65gIVh3ZgCh1cjgEmEAAYASAAEgJPNPD_BwE
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-environmental/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/social-ecology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3yCcXgbKrE
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For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:
Schools Division of Ilocos Norte – Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management Section (SDOIN-CID LRMS)
Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605
E-mail Address: [email protected]
