Philadelphia University
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS (0670311)
Dr. Ala’ Taleb Obaidat
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
Jordan-Amman
Chapter Three
Internal Loadings Developed in Structural
Members
First Semester
Internal Loadings at a Specified Point
Example:
Determine the axial force, shear, and bending moment at point D and E of3*2=6
the kN
beam. 3 kN.m
4/5*8=6.4
By 3 kN.m Cy
B C Bx Bx Cx
4 4
3 Pin E 3/5*8=4.8 3 Pin
By
1.5m 1.5m 2m
0.75m
D
Ax
A 1m A Member B-C
Ay 2m
2m 1m 1m
Member A-B
Solution # of unknowns=6
# of equilibrium equations=3*2=6 then 6=6 Statically determinate
member B C member B C member A B member A B
M C 0 F y 0 M A 0 F y 0
By *2 6*1 0 3 6 C y 0 8*2 3*2 Bx *1.5 0 A y 6.4 3 0
By 3 kN C y 3 kN Bx 14.67 kN A y 9.4 kN
From member A B From member B C
Fx 0 Ax 4.8 14.67 0 Ax 9.87 kN C x B x 14.67kN
Dr. Ala’ Taleb Obaidat Chapter Three Dept. of Civil Engineering
Internal Loadings at a Specified Point
3*1=3kN
3 kN.m E
M 3 kN.m
B C 14.67kN
4 M N
3 Pin E D N V
3 kN
1.5m 1m
0.75m
5
0.75m
D
3 V
4
A 1m 9.87 kN
A Section 2-2
1m
2m 1m 1m
Section 1-1
Solution 9.4 kN
Sec tion 1 1 Sec tion 2 2
M D 0 M E 0
M D 4 / 5*9.4*1.25 3 / 5*9.87*1.25 0 M E 3*1*0.5 3*1 0
M D 2 kN .m M E 1.5 kN
Fx 0 N D 4 / 5*9.87 3 / 5*9.4 0 Fx 0 N E 14.67 0
N D 13.54 kN N E 14.67 kN
Fy 0 V B 3 / 5*9.87 4 / 5*9.4 0 Fy 0 VE 3 3 0
V B 1.6kN VE 0 kN
Dr. Ala’ Taleb Obaidat Chapter Three Dept. of Civil Engineering
Shear and Moment Diagrams by Shear and Moment Functions
• The internal forces (shear force V and moment M) acting at each point along the axis of
the beam are required for design of beam.
• Shear and bending moment diagrams depict the variations of the quantities of the internal
forces along the length of the member.
• The diagrams can be constructed by using the method of sections from one end of the
member to the other (usually from left to right).
• sections are taken, after each change in loading, along the length of the member to
determine the equations of the shear and bending moment in terms of the distance of the
section from a fixed origin.
• After that, the values of shear and bending moments determined from these equations are
then plotted against the position.
• The internal normal force is generally not considered due to:
1. Mostly, the loads applied on the beam act perpendicular to the centroidal axes of beam,
hence produce only an internal shear force and bending moment.
2. For design purposes, it is preferred that the beam resists shear, and particularly bending to
prevent investigation of buckling or instability.
Dr. Ala’ Taleb Obaidat Chapter Three Dept. of Civil Engineering
Shear and Moment Diagrams by Shear and Moment Functions
Example:
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown in Figure using method of
sections.
10 kN 20 kN.m 10 kN 20 kN.m 4*4=16 kN
4 kN/m 4 kN/m
Ax
A D
B C E B C E
Ay Dy
2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m
Computation of reactions
M A 0 10*2 20 D y *6 16*6 0 Since there is a discontinuity of
D y 16 kN Distributed load and changing of
loads, four regions of x must be
M D 0 Ay *6 10*4 20 0 considered in order to describe the
shear and moment functions for
Ay 10 kN the entire beam.
Fy 0 10 10 16 16 0 OK
Fx 0 A x 0
Dr. Ala’ Taleb Obaidat Chapter Three Dept. of Civil Engineering
Shear and Moment Diagrams by Shear and Moment Functions
Example:
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown in Figure using method of
10 kN
sections.
Section (1) V M Section (2)
Ax
V M
o o
B
10 kN
x1 10 kN
2m x2
0 ≤x1 ≤2 0 ≤x2 ≤2
M 0 0 M 0 0
10* x 1 M 0 10*(2 x 2 ) 10* x 2 M 0
M 10x 1 M 20
Fy 0 Fy 0
10 V 0 10 10 V 0
V 10 V 0
Dr. Ala’ Taleb Obaidat Chapter Three Dept. of Civil Engineering
Shear and Moment Diagrams by Shear and Moment Functions
Example:
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown in Figure using method of
sections. 4*x4=4x4kN
4*x3=4x3kN 4*2=8 kN
Section (3) Section (4) M 4 kN/m
M 4 kN/m
o
o
V E
V E
16kN x4
x3 2m
0 ≤x3 ≤2 0 ≤x4 ≤2
M 0 0 M 0 0
M 4x 3 * x 3 / 2 16* x 3 8*(x 3 1) 0 M 4x 4 * x 4 / 2 0
M 2x 32 8x 3 8 M 2x 42
Fy 0 Fy 0
V 4x 3 16 8 0 V 4x 4 0
V 4x 3 8 V 4x 4
Dr. Ala’ Taleb Obaidat Chapter Three Dept. of Civil Engineering
Shear and Moment Diagrams by Shear and Moment Functions
Example:
Position Shear Moment 10 kN 20 kN.m 4*4=16 kN
Section (1), X1 X (V) (M) 4 kN/m
V 10 X1=0 10 0
M 10x 1 X1=2 10 20
10kN
B C
16 kN
E
X2=0 0 20 2m 2m 2m 2m
Section (2), X2
X2=2 0 20
V 0 X3=0 -8 -8 10
M 20
8
X3=2 0 0
Section (3), X3 X4=0 0 0 V
V 4x 3 8 X4=2 8 -8
20
-8
M 2x 32 8x 3 8
Section (4), X4
V 4x 4 M
M 2x 42 -8
Dr. Ala’ Taleb Obaidat Chapter Three Dept. of Civil Engineering
Shear and Moment Diagrams by Shear and Moment Functions
Example:
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the frame shown in Figure using method
3*2=6 kN
of sections. 4/5*8=6.4
3 kN.m By 3 kN.m Cy
B C Bx Bx Cx
4 4
3 Pin E 3/5*8=4.8 3 Pin
By
1.5m 1.5m 2m
0.75m
D
Ax
A 1m A Member B-C
Ay 2m
2m 1m 1m
Member A-B
Solution # of unknowns=6
# of equilibrium equations=3*2=6 then 6=6 Statically determinate
member B C member B C member A B member A B
M C 0 F y 0 M A 0 F y 0
By *2 6*1 0 3 6 C y 0 8*2 3*2 Bx *1.5 0 A y 6.4 3 0
By 3 kN C y 3 kN Bx 14.67 kN A y 9.4 kN
From member A B From member B C
Fx 0 Ax 4.8 14.67 0 Ax 9.87 kN C x B x 14.67kN
Dr. Ala’ Taleb Obaidat Chapter Three Dept. of Civil Engineering
Shear and Moment Diagrams by Shear and Moment Functions
Example:
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the frame shown in Figure using method
of sections.
M
Section (1)
0 ≤x1 ≤2
N
M 0 0 o
7.52* x 1 5.922* x 1 M 0 3
0.75m
V
M 1.6x 1 9.87 kN 4
A
1m
F y 0 Section 1-1
7.52 5.922 V 0 9.4 kN
V 1.6
F x 0
7.9 5.64 N 0
N 13.54
Dr. Ala’ Taleb Obaidat Chapter Three Dept. of Civil Engineering
Shear and Moment Diagrams by Shear and Moment Functions
Example:
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the frame shown in Figure using method
of sections.
Section (2) 0 ≤x2 ≤0.5
M
N
M 0 0
o
7.52*(2 x 2 ) 5.922*(2 x 2 ) 8* x 2 M 0
M 6.4x 2 3.19 V
3
0.75m
9.87 kN 4
A
F y 0 1m
7.52 5.922 8 V 0 Section 1-1
V 6.4
F x 0 9.4 kN
7.9 5.64 N 0
N 13.54
Dr. Ala’ Taleb Obaidat Chapter Three Dept. of Civil Engineering
Shear and Moment Diagrams by Shear and Moment Functions
Example:
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the frame shown in Figure using method
of sections.
Section (3) 0 ≤x3 ≤2
3*x3=3x3kN
M 0 0 M 3 kN.m
M 3* x 3 * x 3 / 2 3* x 3 0
14.67kN
M 3x 3 1.5x 2
3 N
V
o
Fy 0
3 kN
V 3* x 3 3 0
x3
V 3x 3 3
Fx 0
N 14.67 0
N 14.67
Dr. Ala’ Taleb Obaidat Chapter Three Dept. of Civil Engineering
Shear and Moment Diagrams by Shear and Moment Functions
Example:
3 kN.m Cy
14.6kN Cx
Position Normal Shear Moment
X (N) (V) (M)
Section (1), X1 X1=0 -13.54 1.6 0 3 kN
2m
N 13.54 X1=2 -13.54 1.6 3.2
Member B-C
V 1.6 X2=0 -13.54 -6.4 3.2
-13.54 -6.4 0 N
M 1.6x 1
X2=0.5
X3=0 -14.67 -3 0
-14.6
Section (2), X2 X3=1 -14.67 0 1.5
N 13.54 X3=2 -14.67 3 0 3
V 6.4
V
M 6.4x 2 3.2 -3
1.5
Section (3), X3
M
N 14.67
V 3x 3 3
M 3x 3 1.5x 32
Dr. Ala’ Taleb Obaidat Chapter Three Dept. of Civil Engineering
Shear and Moment Diagrams by Shear and Moment Functions
Example:
Position Normal Shear Moment
X (N) (V) (M)
X1=0 -13.54 1.6 0
Section (1), X1 4 X1=2 -13.54 1.6 3.2
3 Pin
N 13.54 X2=0 -13.54 -6.4 3.2
V 1.6 Ax
X2=0.5 -13.54 -6.4 0
X3=0 -14.67 -3 0
M 1.6x 1 Ay
X3=1 -14.67 0 1.5
Section (2), X2 X3=2 -14.67 3 0
N 13.54
V 6.4
M 6.4x 2 3.19
Section (3), X3
N 14.67
V 3x 3 3
M 3x 3 1.5x 32
Dr. Ala’ Taleb Obaidat Chapter Three Dept. of Civil Engineering
