Direct Speech today now yesterday days ago last week next year tomorrow here this these
Reported Speech that day then, at the moment the day before days before one week before, the previous week the following year, the next week the next day / the following day there that those
Reported Speech Statements
I.V. say, tell, ask, answer, order, reply I am at home. I. I.V. Present Tense She says she is at home. II. I.V. Past Tense She said she was at home.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Present Simple
He said: "I am happy"
Past Simple
He said that he was happy
Present Continuous
He said: "I'm looking for my keys"
Past Continuous He said that he was looking for his keys
Past Simple
He said: "I visited New York last year"
Past Perfect Simple
He said that he had visited New York the pre year.
Past Continuous
He said: "I was playing football when the accident occured"
Past Perfect Continuous He said that he had been playing football wh accident had occurred.
Present Perfect Simple
He said: " I've lived here for long time "
Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Continuous
He said that he had lived there for a long ti
Present Perfect Continuous
He said:"I have been playing football for two hours."
He said that he had been playing football fo hours.
Past Perfect Simple
Past Perfect Simple
He said: "They had finished the work when I arrived"
He said that they had finished the work when arrived.
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
He said: "I had been reading a newspaper when He said that he had been reading a newspape the light went off" the light had gone off.
Future Simple (will+verb)
He said: "I will open the door."
Conditional II (would+verb)
He said that he would open the door.
Conditional I (would+verb)
Conditional II(would+verb)
He said: "If things go well, I will continue with the trapeze"
He said that If things went well, he would con with the trapeze.
Conditional Conditional Sentence Type 1
Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real or possible situations. These situations take place if a certain condition is met. It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
If + Simple Present,
+ Simple Future
Use Conditional Sentences Type1 refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic so we think it is likely to happen.
Example: If I have enough time, I'll watch the football match.
I may have time to watch the match but I'm not sure about it.
Conditional Sentence Type 2
Often called the "unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal impossible or improbable situations. This conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation. It is very unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled.
If + Simple Past,
+ would + V1
Were / Was In conditional type 2, we usually use in the if clause "were" instead of "was" even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it. "were" here is a subjunctive form. NOTE "was" is also a possible form. Example: If I were a millionaire, I would buy a castle. Use Conditional Sentences Type 2 refer to an action in the present that could happen if the present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change because it is very unlikely.
Example: If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world. Conditional Sentence Type 3
It is impossible that the condition will be met because it refers to the past.
If + Past Perfect,
+ would + have + V3
Use Conditional Sentences Type 3 refer to situations in the past. They expresse hypothetical results to past given situations.
Example: If he had been careful, he wouldn't have had that terrible accident.
Sometimes in the past, he was careless. He drove so fast. So he had a terrible accident
