MІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ТЕХНІЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ УКРАЇНИ

“КИЇВСЬКИЙ ПОЛІТЕХНІЧНИЙ ІНСТИТУТ”
ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ЛІНГВІСТИКИ

ЗБІРНИК ВПРАВ ТА ТЕСТІВ

З ГРАМАТИКИ ЧАСІВ
( ENGLISH TENSES IN USE)

Київ 2005
 CONTENTS
THE ACTIVE VOICE...................................................................................3
PRESENT FORMS.......................................................................................4
REVISION BOX 1......................................................................................27
PRACTICE TEST №1..............................................................................29
PAST FORMS...............................................................................................31
REVISION BOX 2......................................................................................49
PRACTICE TEST № 2.............................................................................52
FUTURE FORMS.......................................................................................54
REVISION BOX 3......................................................................................63
PRACTICE TEST №3..............................................................................69
TENSE FORMS. REVISION BOX..................................................71
PROGRESS TEST 1..................................................................................74
PROGRESS TEST 2..................................................................................76
PROGRESS TEST 3.....................................................................................78

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 THE ACTIVE VOICE
Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect
Continuous
I do I am doing I have done I have been doing
he/she/it does he/she/it is doing he/she/it has done he/she/it has been
we do we are doing we have done doing
you do you are doing you have done we have been doing
they do they are doing they have done you have been
doing
PRESENT

they have been

doing
Do I do? Am I doing? Have I done? Have I been doing?
Does he/she/it Is he/she/it doing? Has he/she/it done? Has he/she/it been
do? doing?

I do not do I am not doing I have not done I have not been

he/she/it does he/she/it is not doing he/she/it has not done doing
not do he/she/it has not
been doing
I did I was doing I had done I had been doing
he/she/it did he/she/it was doing he/she/it had done he/she/it had been
we did we were doing we had done doing
you did you were doing you had done we had been doing
they did they were doing they had done you had been doing
PAST

they had been doing

Did I do? Was I doing? Had I done? Had I been doing?

I did not do I was not doing I had not done I had not been doing

I shall do I shall be doing I shall have done I shall have been

he/she/it will do he/she/it will be he/she/it will have doing
we shall do doing done he/she/it will have
you will do we shall be doing we shall have done been doing
they will do you will be doing you will have done we shall have been
FUTURE

they will be doing they will have done doing

you will have been
doing
they will have been
doing
Shall I do? Shall I be doing? Shall I have done? Shall I have been
doing?
I shall not do I shall not be doing I shall not have done I shall not have
been doing

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 PRESENT FORMS
PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
We use the present simple: We use the present continuous:
a) for permanent states, repeated actions and a) for actions taking place now, at the
daily routines. moment of speaking.
He works in a bank. (permanent state) He is giving the baby a bath at the
He takes the train to work every moment.
morning. (daily routine \ repeated
actions)
b) for general truths and laws of nature. b) for temporary actions; that is actions that
The sun sets in the west. are going on around now, but not at the
actual moment of speaking.
I’m looking for a new job these
days.

c) for timetables (planes, trains, etc.) c) with adverb such as:

and programmes. always, constantly, continually, etc. for
The plane from Brussels arrives at actions which happen very often, usually to
8:30. express annoyance, irritation or anger.
I’m always meeting Sara when I go
shopping.(action which happens very
often)
You’re constantly interrupting me when
I’m talking. (expressing annoyance\
irritation)

d) for sports commentaries, reviews and d) for actions that we have already arranged
narrations. to do in the near future, especially when the
Peterson overtakes Williams and wins time and place have been decided.
the race. (sports commentary) They’re moving into their new house next
Mike Dalton plays the part of Macbeth. week. (The time has been decided)
(review)
Then the prince gets on his horse and
quickly rides away. (narration)
e) to give instructions or directions (instead e) for changing or developing situations.
of the imperative). More and more species are becoming
You sprinkle some cheese on the pizza extinct.
and then you bake it.

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 TIME EXPRESSIONS

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

The present simple is used with the following The present continuous is used with the
time expressions: usually, often, always, etc., following time expressions: now, at the
every day / week / month/ year, in the moment, at present, these days, still,
morning / afternoon / evening, at night, at nowadays, today, tonight, etc.
the weekend, on Mondays, etc.
Adverbs of frequency (always, usually, often,
sometimes, seldom / rarely / never, etc.)
come before the main verb (read, work, etc.)
but after the verb to be, auxiliary verbs (do,
have, etc.) or modal verbs (can, should, etc.)
Susan often goes skiing at the weekend.

1. Identify the tenses in bold, then match them with the correct
description.

1He works in a TV studio.

2Tom is always causing trouble at work.
3She is working at a supermarket at present.
4Fish live in the sea.
5She is looking for a job as a nanny in Madrid.
6The thief grabs the bag and disappears.
7He usually leaves his office at 6.00 pm.
8She starts her new job on Monday.
9We are attending a seminar on Monday.
10The new company is growing steadily.

atemporary situation
b permanent state
cfixed arrangements in the near future
d dramatic narrative (reviews / sport commentaries)
epermanent truths or laws of nature
f changing or developing situations
gtimetables / programmes with future meaning
h frequently repeated actions expressing annoyance
i actions happening at or around the time of speaking
j repeated / habitual actions

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2. Read the following extracts and put the verbs in brackets into the
present simple or the present continuous.

A These days, it seems everything 1) is changing (change). Cities 2) .....

(become) bigger and busier every year, technology 3) ..... (develop) faster
than ever before, and scientists 4) ..... (learn) more about the way things
work.
B Water 1) ..... (boil) at 100C and 2) ..... (freeze) when the temperature
3) ..... (drop) below 0C. Salt water 4) ..... (be) different, howerever.
C This film 1) ..... (be) great! It 2) ..... (have) an all-star cast and the script
3) ..... (be) very funny. The action 4) ..... (begin) when two young men
4) ..... (try) to rob a bank....
D Rogers 1) ..... (kick) the ball and 2) ..... (pass) it to Jones. Jones
3) ..... (run) down the pitch. He 4) ..... (pass) the ball to Smith who 5) .....
(shoot) and 6) ..... (score)!

3. Read the text and put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the
present continuous.

Michael McBrown 1) is (be) a very busy man.

Every morning, he 2) ..... (leave) home at 8 o’clock, and 3) ..... (go) to his
office. He 4) ..... (usually / have) meetings until lunchtime, and in the
afternoon, he 5) ..... (often / visit) the people of Madewell. He really 6) .....
(enjoy) talking to people.
At the moment, he and his team 7) ..... (organise) his election campaign.
There are elections in June and he 8) ..... (hope) to persuade lots of people to
vote for him.
Next month, he 9) ..... (go) to London to meet the Prime Minister. They
10) ..... (have) a meeting to discuss future plans for Madewell.

4. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present
continuous.

1 Dave 1) ..... (live) in Glasgow and 2) ..... (work) for an advertising

company. He 3) ..... (have) a good job and 4) ..... (earn) a lot of money. He
5) ..... (meet) many people every day and 6) ..... (lead) a busy life. The
company 7) ..... (expand) rapidly and today he 8) ..... (see) a new client.

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 2 John and Anna 1) ..... (fly) to Paris on Monday for a holiday. Their flight
2) ..... (take off) at 7.10 in the morning and 3) ..... (arrive) in Paris at 8.15.
Anna’s cousin 4) ..... (own) a house there, so they 5) ..... (stay) with him.
3 My neighbour 1) ..... (bang) on the walls of his flat when he 2) ..... (do)
repairs. This week he 3) ..... (install) a new bath, and the noise 4) .....
(drive) me crazy. He 5) ..... (not / seem) to care about the way he 6) .....
(bother) other people.
4 Ben is an athlete. Every morning he 1) ..... (swim) ten laps in the pool and
2) ..... (lift) weights for an hour. This year he 3) ..... (train) harder because
he 4) ..... (want) to compete in the next Olympic Games.

5. Underline the correct tense, Present Simple or Present Continuous, in the

following sentences.

1 I’m sleeping / sleep on Niko’s sofa until I find a place of my own.

2 I’m only working / only work there for a couple of months because
I’m going abroad in the summer.
3 If you aren’t listening / don’t listen to the radio, why don’t you switch
it off?
4 His only bad habit is that he talks / is talking too loudly.
5 So in the first scene we see / are seeing him getting up and then he goes
out / is going out and meets / is meeting a strange woman.
6 You make / are making goulash using meat, vegetables and paprika.
7 I never do anything I feel / am feeling is against my principles.
8 He appears / is appearing to be very friendly but I don’t know him very
well.
9 There’s nobody at the door; you just hear / are just hearing things.
10 I’m thinking of doing a postgraduate degree – what do you think / are
you thinking ? Is it a good idea?

6. Complete these sentences using the present simple or the present

continuous. Use the verbs given in brackets. Add never or always if this is
also given.

1 I (use; never) my mobile phone if I (drive).

2 I (like; always) to get post but I (seem; never) to have the time to reply.
3 The heroine (prefer) to be with Paul because James (argue; always).
4 Maria (forget; always) what time the soap (start).
5 You (moan; always) about the state of the flat but you (help; never) me.

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 6 Turtles (lay; always) their eggs on the same beach; however, they
(come; never) in winter.
7 Whether I (go) swimming or not (depend on; always) the weather.
8 I (shop; never) here again – they (be; always) so rude.
9 We (smell; always) cooking when we (pass) your house.
10 He (borrow; always) money but he (pay; always) me back.

7. Complete this letter with the correct form of the present simple or the
present continuous. Use each verb in the list once. The first (0) is given as
an example.

stand seem write be make shine stay taste look cost feel

Dear Jill,
0) I am writing to you from Granada where everything 1) ..... to be going
just fine; we 2) ..... nice and relaxed. We 3) ..... in a gorgeous hotel just down
the road from the Alhambra, which 4) ..... an old fortress build by the Moors. It
5) ..... at the top of the hill just opposite our hotel and we can see this
wonderful building through our window. It 6) ..... absolutely magnificent! The
hotel is lovely, but unfortunately it 7) ..... a lot to stay here! Eating out is great.
Have you heard of gazpacho? It’s a cold cucumber and tomato soup which
they 8) ..... with oil, vinegar and garlic and it 9) ..... delicious.
Well, outside the sun 10) ..... so I’m off to get a bit of a suntan; I hope
everything’s OK back in Birmingham.
Lucy

8. Choose the correct form of the verbs.

Dear Karen,
1) I’m having / I have a great time here in England. My university term 2)
isn’t starting / doesn’t start until the autumn, so 3) I’m taking / I take the
opportunity to improve my English. 4) I’m staying / I stay with some English
friends who 5) are owning / own the farm. On weekdays 6) I’m catching / I
catch a bus into Torquay to go to language classes. 7) I’m making / I make
good progress, I think. My friends 8) say / are saying my pronunciation is
much better than when I arrived, and 9) I’m understanding / I understand
almost everything now. At weekends 10) I’m helping / I help on the farm. At
the moment 11) they’re harvesting / they harvest the corn and 12) they’re
needing / they need all the help they can get. It’s quite hard work, but 13) I’m
liking / I like it. And 14) I’m developing / I develop some strong muscles!

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 15)Do you come / Are you coming to visit me at Christmas? 16) I’m
spending / I spend the winter holiday here at the farm. My friends 17) are
wanting / want to meet you and there’s plenty of space. But you must bring
your warmest clothes. 18) It’s getting / It gets very cold here in the winter.
Let me know as soon as 19) you’re deciding / you decide . And tell me
what 20) you’re doing / you do these days.
Do you miss me ?
Love,
Paul

9. Put the verbs in the correct tense, present simple or present continuous.
Leila Markham is an environmentalist. She is being interviewed on the radio
by Tony Hunt, a journalist.

Tony: So tell me, Leila, why is it important to save the rainforests?

Leila: There are a number of reasons. One is that many plants which could
be useful in medicine 1) ..... (grow) in the rainforest.
We 2) ..... (not / know) all the plants yet – there are thousands and
thousands of them. Researchers 3) ..... (try) to discover their secrets
before they are destroyed.
Tony: I see. What other reasons are there?
Leila: Well, I’m sure you’ve heard of global warming?
Tony: You mean, the idea that the world 4) ..... (get) warmer?
Leila: That’s right. The rainforests 5) ..... (have) an important effect on the
earth’s climate. They 6) ...... (disappear) at a terrifying rate and
soon they will be gone. People 7) ..... (not / do) enough to save
them.
Tony: But is global warming really such a problem? I 8) ..... (enjoy) warm
sunshine.
Leila: Well, what 9) ..... (happen) when you 10) ..... (heat) ice?
Tony: It 11) ..... (melt) of course.
Leila: OK. The polar ice caps 12) ..... (consist) of millions of tons of ice.
If they 13) ..... (melt), the level of the sea will rise and cause
terrible floods. Many scientists 14) ..... (believe) that temperatures
15) ..... (already rise). We must do everything we can to prevent
global warming, and that 16) ..... (include) preserving the
rainforests!
Tony: Thank you, Leila, and good luck in your campaign.
Leila: Thank you.

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10. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present
continuous.

1 Debbie (work) as an administrator at the university. She (organise) all

the timetables and teaching schedules. She (work) very long hours at the
moment because it’s the start of the academic year but she (go) on a short
holiday at the end of the month.
2 Simon and Sylvia (stay) in a cottage in the Yorkshire Dales this
month. The cottage (belong) to a cousin of Sylvia’s but the cousin is
away: she (cycle) around Norfolk for a few weeks. Simon and Sylvia
often (use) the cottage when Sylvia’s cousin is away. They really (enjoy)
being in the middle of the countryside.
3 The International School for Languages (do) very well at the moment.
About two hundred students (take) evening classes this term. Many of
them (need) to learn a new language to improve their job prospects but
some of them (learn) a new language purely for pleasure. The European
languages (be) very popular but Japanese and Russian (get) more popular
too. The school (provide) good learning facilities and (organise) a range
of study tours.
4 The world population (still increase) rapidly. Many people in the
world (already starve) and many more (suffer) from malnutrition. The
population (grow) fastest in the poorest countries where people (need) to
have children to look after them in their old age and where many of their
children (die) at a very young age.

11. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present
continuous.

Maggie and Jill, two friends, are talking at a party.

M: Jill, how nice to see you. I 1) ..... (not think) we’ve seen each other since
that party at Jim’s last year. How 2) ..... (you / get on)?
J: Oh, fine. Everything 3) ..... (go) very well.
M: 4) ..... (you still / go out) with Dave?
J: No, I’m not, but I 5) ..... (go out) with someone called Jamie. I met him on
my pottery class.
M: Is he here now?
J: Yes look, he’s over there. He 6) ..... (talk) to Charlotte.
M: Oh yes, I 7) ..... (see) him. 8) ..... (he / wear) a yellow jumper?
J: Yes, that’s him.

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 M: Oh, he 9) ..... (look) really nice.
J: He is. I’ll introduce you to him when he 10) ..... (come) over here. So what
about you? How 11) ..... (life / treat) you ?
M: Not too badly. I 12) ..... (still / work) at that awful cafe. I 13) ..... (keep)
looking for other jobs but the problem is that I 14) ..... (feel) so tired when
I 15) ..... (get in) that 16) ..... (not have) much energy to look through all the
job ads and everything. Oh well, I 17) ..... (suppose) something else will
come up soon.
J: I 18) ..... (hope) so. Oh look, Jamie 19) ..... (come over) here.
20) ..... ( you want ) to meet him ?
M: Oh yes.

12. Read the text below and look carefully at each line. In most of the lines
there is one word that does not fit grammatically. Write this unwanted
word on the right. If a line is correct, put a tick. The first two are given
as examples.

0 This week in Kyoto in Japan the latest conference ..........

00 on the environment is being taking place. The whole ..being..
1 world is today watching to see what happens ............
2 as delegates from more than 165 countries discuss ............
3 what measures need not to be taken to reduce the ............
4 fumes that do create the Greenhouse Effect. They ............
5 are hope to agree on ways of reducing the amount ............
6 of carbon dioxide and other gases that we ............
7 send into the atmosphere. These gases to act the way a ............
8 greenhouse does and, as a result, the Earth is ............
9 be getting hotter and hotter all the time. The ............
10 temperature it is rising gradually and ............
11 in 100 years’ time the Earth will be hotter by about 4C ............
12 The problem is be getting worse as more cars ............
13 are make an appearance on our already crowded roads. ............
14 The solution in Kyoto is depends on what the United States, ............
15 the most powerful nation on Earth, feels is in its interests. ............

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 State Verbs
State verbs are verbs which do not normally have continuous tenses because
they describe a state rather than an action. These include:
* verbs which express likes and dislikes: like, love, hate, dislike, enjoy, prefer,
etc. e.g. Cathy likes romantic films.
* verbs of perception: believe, know, notice, remember, forget, recognise,
understand, realise, seem, think, etc. e.g. I don’t believe a word he’s saying.
* verbs of the senses: see, hear, feel, taste, look, smell, sound. We often use can
or could with these verbs when we refer to what we see, hear, etc. at the
moment of speaking. e.g. The soup tastes delicious.
* some other verbs: be, contain, fit, include, matter, need, belong, cost, owe,
mean, own, appear, want, have (possess), etc. e.g. This book is mine. It
belongs to me.

Some state verbs have continuous tenses, but there is a difference in meaning.
Study the following examples:
1) I think she’s Italian. (= believe)
I’m thinking about my holiday. (=am considering)
2) The soup tastes awful. (=has an awful flavour)
She’s tasting the soup. (= is tasting the flavour of)
3) I can see an aeroplane in the sky. (=perceive with my eyes)
I’m seeing Jill tonight. (= am meeting)
4) Susan looks tired. (= appears)
Susan is looking at some photos. (=is studying)
5) The room smells of perfume. (= has the smell)
The cat is smelling its food. (= is sniffing)
6) This towel feels soft. (= has a soft texture)
Jill is feeling her son’s forehead. (= is touching)
7) He is selfish. ( character – permanent state)
He is being selfish. (behaviour – temporary situation)
8) He has a sports car. (= possesses)
He’s having lunch now. (= is eating – idiom)

13. Some state verbs can be used in continuous forms but the meaning
changes. Read the sentences below and match the verbs in bold with
their meaning.

1 I see there is a problem in this department.

2 I’m seeing my dentist tonight.
3 Mr Jones thinks we should advertise this product.

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 4 He is thinking of opening a branch in Denmark.
5 Ann Holmes has three houses.
6 We are having problems with the new employee.
7 He looks as if he’s going to collapse.
8 They are looking at the figures of this month’s sales.

a understand b believe c experience

d review e consider f meet
g own h seem

14. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present
continuous.

1 A: (you / know) that man over there?

B: Actually, I do. He’s Muriel’s husband.
2 A: Are you doing anything tomorrow evening?
B: Yes. I (see) Jack at 9 o’clock.
3 A: I (see) you’re feeling better.
B: Yes, I am , thank you.
4 A: What’s that noise?
B: The people next door (have) a party.
5 A: Graham (have) a new computer.
B: I know. I’ve already seen it.
6 A: This dress (not / fit) me any more.
B: Why don’t you buy a new one?
7 A: Your perfume (smell) nice. What is it?
B: It’s a new perfume called Sunshine.
8 A: What is Jane doing?
B: She (smell) the flowers in the garden.
9 A: What (you / look) at?
B: Some photos I took during my holidays. They aren’t very good,
though.
10 A: You (look) very pretty today.
B: Thank you. I’ve just had my hair cut.
11 A: I (think) we’re being followed.
B: Don’t be silly! It’s just your imagination.
12 A: Is anything wrong?юбб =-=
B: No. I (just / think) about the party tonight.
13 A: This fabric (feel) like silk.
B: It is silk, and it was very expensive.
14 A: What are you doing?

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 B: I (feel) the radiator to see if it’s getting warm.
15 A: She (be) generous, isn’t she?
B: Yes, she has never been a mean person.
16 A: He (be) very quiet today, isn’t he?
B: Yes , I think he has some problems.
17 A: Would you like some cherries ?
B: Yes, please. I (love) cherries. They are my favourite fruit.
18 A: I’m sorry, but I (not understand) what you mean.
B: Shall I explain it again?
19 A: The children are making lots of noise today.
B: I know, but they (have) fun.
20 A: This cake (taste) awful.
B: I think I forgot to put the sugar in it!
21 A: Why (you / smell) the soap?
B: It (smell) lovely . It’s like roses!
22 A: Why (you / taste) the soup?
B: To see if it (taste) good. I think it needs more salt.
23 A: I (feel) very tired.
B: You should go to bed early.
24 A: I (see) Andy this evening.
B: I (see). So, you don’t want to come to the cinema with me, do you ?
25 A: How much (the bag of apples / weigh)?
B: I don’t know yet. The man (weigh) the bag now.
26 A: I (think) about buying a new car soon.
B: Why? I (think) your car is fine. You don’t need a new one.
27 A: What (you / look) at ?
B: The sky. It (look) as if it’s going to rain.
28 A: I really (enjoy) home-made food.
B: So do I, and I (enjoy) every bit of this meal.
29 A: That famous opera singer (appear) at the opera house
tonight.
B: Yes. He (appear) to be feeling better after his operation.
30 A: Chris (be) a sensible person, isn’t he?
B: Yes, but in this case he (be) rather foolish.
31 A: My dad (fit) the old blind from the living room in my
bedroom today.
B: Really? (it / fit) that window?
32 A: My back (hurt) .
B: Why don’t you lie down for a while?

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 PRESENT FORMS
PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
We use the present perfect: We use the present perfect continuous:
a) for an action which started in the a) to put emphasis on the duration of an action
past and continues up to the present, which started in the past and continues up to
especially with state verbs such as the present, especially with time expressions
be, have, like, know, etc. such as for, since, all morning / day / year,
In this case, we often use for and etc.
since. Sam has been talking on the phone for half an
Rachel has had the dog for three hour.
years.
b) for an action which recently b) for an action which started in the past and
finished and whose result is visible lasted for some time. The action may have
in the present. finished or may still be going on. The result of
She has just washed her hair. the action is visible in the present.
Her feet hurt. She has been walking all
morning.
c) for an action which happened at an c) to express anger, irritation or annoyance.
unstated time in the past. The exact Somebody has been giving away our plans.
time is not mentioned because it is
either unknown or unimportant. The
emphasis is placed on the action.
The Taylors have bought a sailing
boat.
d) for an action which has happened
within a specific time period which
is not over at the moment of
speaking. We often use words
and expressions such as today, this
morning / evening / week / month,
etc.
She has taken fifteen pictures
today.
Note! Note!
We use the present perfect to With the verbs live, work, teach and feel
announce a piece of news and the past (= have a particular emotion) we can use the
simple or past continuous to give more present perfect or present perfect continuous with
details about it. no difference in meaning.
The police have finally arrested Peter We have lived / have been living here for twenty
Duncan. years.
He was trying to leave the country
when they caught him.

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 TIME EXPRESSIONS
PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
The present perfect is used with the The present perfect continuous is used with
following time expressions : for, since, the following time expressions: for, since,
already, just, ever, never, so far, today, how long, lately, recently.
this week / month, etc., how long, lately,
recently, still (in negations), etc.

Note!
We use the present perfect to put emphasis
on number and the present continuous to put
emphasis on duration.
Compare the examples:
I’ve typed four reports so far.
I’ve been typing reports all morning.

15. Fill in for or since.

1 I have lived in this village ..... I was born.

2 It has been raining ..... hours. I wish it would stop.
3 My father has been the manager of this firm ..... ten years.
4 ..... I moved to York , I have been much happier.
5 Have you been waiting ..... a long time?
6 I have been waiting for you ..... four o’clock.
7 She hasn’t bought a new coat ..... three years.
8 Karen has been on the phone ..... many years.
9 I have known Neil ..... 1995.
10 Jane has been my best friend ..... many years.

Have gone (to) / have been (to)

* She has gone to the office. (This means she has not come back yet. She is still
at the office.)
* He has been to Rome twice. ( This means that he has visited Rome twice: he is
not there now. He has come back.)

16. Fill in the gaps with have /has been (to) or have / has gone (to).

18
 1 A: Hello, Jim! Have you seen Mum?
B: Yes. She ..... the shops. She’ll be back soon.
2 A: Where .....you ..... today?
B: I ..... the cinema.
3 A: Shall we go on a picnic this weekend?
B: Oh, yes! I ..... not ..... on a picnic for ages.
4 A: I’m going to India this year.
B: I ..... never ..... India.
A: Really? I ..... there twice before.
5 A: Where are the children?
B: They ..... the park to play football.
A: ..... Dad ..... with them?
B: Of course. Don’t worry!

17. Fill in the gaps with recently , how long , yet , for ,always , ever ,already ,
since , so far or just. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

1 A: Has Tom finished his exams ..... ?

B: No. He finishes them next Thursday.
2 A: ..... has Janet been working at the hospital?
B: She has been working there ..... she left school.
3 A: How are you finding your new job?
B: Great. I haven’t had any problems ..... .
4 A: Is John at home, please?
B: No, I’m afraid he’s ..... gone out.
5 A: Have you been waiting long?
B: Yes, I’ve been here ..... two hours.
6 A: Has Martin ..... been to Spain?
B: No, I don’t think so.
7 A: Have you spoken to Matthew ..... ?
B: Yes. I phoned him last night.
8 A: Can you do the washing-up for me, please ?
B: Don’t worry. Mike has ..... done it .
9 A: Lucy has ..... been musical, hasn’t she?
B: Yes, she started playing the piano when she was five years old.
10 A: Shall we go to that new restaurant tonight?
B: Yes. I have ..... been there. It’s really nice.
11 A: Your dog’s been barking ..... three hours!
B: I’m sorry. I’ll take him inside.
12 A: Have you finished reading that book yet ?
B: No, I’ve ..... started it.

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18. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or continuous, using
short forms where appropriate.

1 A: How long ..... (you / know) Alison?

B: We ..... (be) friends since we were children.
2 A: Who ..... (use) the car?
B: I was. Is there a problem?
3 A: What are Andrew and David doing?
B: They ..... (work) in the garden for three hours .
4 A: Why is Sally upset?
B: She ..... (lose) her bag.
5 A: I ..... (always / believe) that exercise is good for you .
B: Of course, it’s good to keep fit .
6 A: Emily ..... (teach) maths since she left university.
B: Yes, and she’s a very good teacher, too.
7 A: Fred ..... (open) a new shop.
B: Really? Where is it?
8 A: This pie is delicious.
B: Is it? I ..... (not / taste) it yet.
9 A: Have you found your umbrella yet?
B: No, I ..... (look) for it for an hour now.
10 A: You look exhausted.
B: Well, I ..... (clean) the windows since 8 o’clock this morning.
11 A: Can I have some more lemonade, please?
B: Sorry, your brother ..... (just / drink) it all .
12 A: Have you got new neighbours?
B: Yes, they ..... (just / move) to the area .

19. Choose the correct answer.

1 “What time does the train leave?”
“I think it ..... at 2 o’clock.”
A leaves B has been leaving C has left
2 “Where are Tom and Pauline?”
“They ..... to the supermarket.”
A have just gone B have been going C go
3 “What is Jill doing these days?”
“She ..... for a job for six months.”
A is looking B has been looking C looks
4 “Is Mandy watching TV ?”
“No. She ..... her homework right now.”

20
 A is always doing B is doing C does
5 “Have you been for a walk?”
“Yes. I often ..... for walks in the evenings.”
A have gone B am going C go
6 “Have you seen any films lately?”
“Yes. Actually, I ..... two this week.”
A have seen B am seeing C see
7 “What ..... ?”
“It’s a piece of cherry pie. Mum made it yesterday.”
A are you eating B do you eat C have you eaten
8 “Are you going on holiday this summer?”
“Yes. I ..... enough money.”
A am saving B have already saved C save
9 “Is Tod reading the newspaper?”
“No. He ..... dinner at the moment.”
A has been making B makes C is making
10 “Have you bought any new CDs recently?”
“Yes. Actually, I ..... two this week.”
A have bought B have been buying C am buying
11 “What time does the play start?”
“I think it ..... at 8 o’clock.”
A has been starting B starts C has started
12 “Where is Mark ?”
“He ..... to the library to return some books.”
A has gone B has been C is going
13 “What ..... ?”
“It’s a letter to my pen-friend. I’m telling her my news.”
A have you written B do you write C are you writing

20. Underline the correct tense.

1 Liz and I are good friends. We know / have known each other for four
years.
2 Sarah is very tired. She has been working / is working hard all day.
3 “Where is John?” “He’s upstairs. He does / is doing his homework.”
4 I can’t go to the party on Saturday. I am leaving / have been leaving
for Spain on Friday night.
5 Jane has finished / is finishing cleaning her room, and now she is going
out with her friends.
6 I didn’t recognise Tom. He looks / is looking so different in a suit.

21
 7 I don’t need to wash my car. Jim washes / has washed it for me
already.
8 Ian has been talking / is talking to his boss for an hour now.
9 Claire’s train arrives / has arrived at 3 o’clock. I must go and meet her
at the station.
10 “Would you like to borrow this book?” “No, thanks. I have read / have
been reading it before.”
11 “Where are you going / do you go?” “To the cinema. Would you like
to come with me?”
12 Have you seen my bag? I am searching / have been searching for it all
morning.
13 “Is Colin here?” “I don’t know. I haven’t seen / haven’t been seeing
him all day.”
14 Sophie is very clever. She is speaking / speaks seven different
languages.
15 We are moving / have moved house tomorrow. Everything is packed.

21. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the present perfect
continuous.

Tim Bryant, a magazine journalist, is interviewing Margaret Rodwell, the

founder of a successful company.
TB: So why do you think your company 1) ..... (be) so successful?
MR: Well, our products 2) ..... (fill) a large gap in the market and I think
one of the most important things is that we 3) ..... (always listen) to
our clients and we 4) ..... (act) on their comments and suggestions.
TB: And what’s a typical day for you?
MR: Well, take today for example. I 5) ..... (interview) candidates for a
marketing executive post.
TB: And how many 6) ..... (you / interview)?
MR: Er, I 7) ..... (interview) four so far. And I 8) ..... (talk) to clients on
the phone on and off all day. I seem to spend a lot of time on the
phone. I 9) ..... (discuss) some new ideas with them for the
transportation and delivery of our products.
TB: Mm, it sounds like a very busy day.
MR: Oh, that’s only part of it. I 10) ..... (have) two meetings, one with
Union representatives and one with departmental heads. And I 11) .....
(also work) on a proposal for a new marketing strategy.
TB: And it’s not two o’clock yet!
MR: No, but of course I 12) ..... (be) here since seven o’clock this
morning.

22
 TB: Gosh. And, I hope you don’t mind my mentioning this Ms Rodwell,
but some rumours 13) ..... (circulate) about your possible
engagement to Mr Grimaldi, the banker.
MR: No, there will be no engagement, though it’s true that Mr Grimaldi
and I 14) .... (see) each other. That’s no secret.
TB: When you get the time, I suppose. And is it also true that you 15) .....
(learn) Russian with a view to introducing your products there?
MR: Yes, I have, but I 16) ..... (not learn) much yet; there’s still a long
way for me to go.

22. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or present perfect
continuous.

1 A: You look hot. What ..... (you / do)?

B: I ..... (run).
A: Running! In this heat? How far ..... (you / run)?
B: About four miles.
2 A: What’s the problem? You look a bit preoccupied.
B: Yes, I ..... (think) about Helen.
A: Why? Is there something wrong with her?
B: Well, she ..... ( act ) so strangely lately.
A: In what way?
B: Well, some days when she arrives at work, I know that she .....
(cry). And she ..... (make) private calls when we’re all out at lunch. I
just think that something’s going on.
A: ..... (you / talk) to her about it yet?
B: Yes, a few times, and each time she ..... (say) that there’s nothing wrong
but I’m not so sure.
3 A: Where ..... (you / be), Simon?
B: I ..... (talk) to Mark on the phone. He says he ..... (try) to phone us all
day.
A: Well I ..... (be) in most of the day but I ..... (not hear) the phone.
B: That’s strange. But anyway, he ..... (have) a phone call from Jackie’s
mother and Jackie ..... (be) in some kind of accident. It’s nothing very
serious but she’s got to stay in hospital overnight.
A: Oh dear. ..... (she / break) any bones?
B: I’m not quite sure how badly she ..... (be hurt) but I think we should
go and see her tonight.

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23. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the present perfect
continuous.

1 We (walk) ten kilometres.

2 We (walk) for three hours.
3 You (walk) too fast. That’s why you are tired.
4 I (make) sausage rolls for the party all the morning.
5 How many you (make)? I (make) 200.
6 That boy (eat) seven ice-creams.
7 He (not stop) eating since he arrived.
8 The driver (drink). I think someone else ought to drive.
9 I (pull) up 100 dandelions.
10 I (pull) up dandelions all day.
11 What you (do)? We (pick) apples.
12 How many you (pick)? We (pick) ten basketfuls.
13 I (sleep) on every bed in this house and I don’t like any of them.
14 He (sleep) since 10 o’clock. It’s time he woke up.
15 He (ride); that’s why he is wearing breeches.
16 I (ride) all the horses in this stable.
17 What a lovely smell! Mary (make) jam.
18 The students (work) very well this term.
19 I only (hear) from him twice since he went away.
20 I (hear) from her regularly. She is a very good correspondent.
21 I (grease) my car. That’s why my hands are so dirty.
22 I (polish) this table all the morning and she isn’t satisfied with it yet.
23 I (work) for him for ten years and he never once (say) “Good morning” to
me.
24 He (teach) hundreds of students but I never (meet) such a hopeless class
as this.
25 He (teach) in this school for five years.

24. Complete the following conversation with verbs from the list. Use the
present perfect or the present perfect continuous. You will need to use
some of the verbs more than once.

be come do drive find have look manage

Jane is being interviewed by Mrs Carr for a job working with young
children.
Mrs Carr: Come in Jane, do take a seat. Would you like a coffee?
Jane: Thank you, actually I 1) ..... (just) one.

24
 Mrs Carr: Oh good. Now, do you know this area at all ?
Jane: Quite well. My grandparents live just on the outskirts of town so
I 2) ..... here for holidays since I was little. I’m staying with them
at the moment actually.
Mrs Carr: Oh, that’s nice. And do you have a driving licence?
Jane: Yes. I 3) ..... for four years now.
Mrs Carr: And would you say you’re a careful driver?
Jane: Yes, I think so. At least I 4) ..... (never) an accident.
Mrs Carr: Good. Now, could you tell me why you think you would be right
for this job?
Jane: Well, I 5) ..... (always) interested in working with small children.
And I 6) ..... to get quite a bit of practical experience by taking
holiday jobs and so on.
Mrs Carr: How do you think you would cope in an emergency?
Jane: I’m quite a calm person, I think. I 7) ..... a first aid course, too. I
got this badge.
Mrs Carr: Oh, yes. That’s good. Now, this job isn’t permanent, as you
know. We need someone for about a year. How would that fit
with your long-term plans?
Jane: I’d like to work abroad eventually. But I want some full-time
experience first. I 8) ..... a Nursery Teacher’s course this year.
We finish next week, in fact, and I’ve already got a Child Care
certificate.
Mrs Carr: Well, I can’t make any promises, but you do sound just the sort
of person we’re looking for. When would you be able to start?
Jane: As soon as I finish my Nursery Teacher’s course.
Mrs Carr: Excellent. And would you live with your grandparents?
Jane: Well, they live a bit far away. I’d probably try to get a small flat.
I 9) ..... in the paper every day, but I 10) ..... (not) anything yet.
Mrs Carr: Well, if you get the job, we’ll try to help you. Now, would you
like to come and meet some of the children?
Jane: Oh, yes.
Mrs Carr: Right, if you’ll just follow me then...

25. Usethe words given to complete the sentences. Put the verbs in the
present perfect or the present perfect continuous.

1 John’s terribly upset ..... (he / break) off his engagement to Megan.
Apparently ..... (she / see) someone else while ..... (he / be) in Africa.
2 Can you translate this note from Stockholm? I understood Swedish
when I was a child, but ..... (I / forget) it all .

25
 3 What’s that dent in the side of the car? ..... (you / have) an accident?
4 I’m sorry, John’s not here; ..... (he / go) the dentist. ..... (he / have)
trouble with a tooth.
5 This cassette recorder is broken. ..... (you / play about) with it?
6 Your Italian is very good. ..... (you / study) it long?
7 Do you mind if I clear the table? ..... (you / have) enough to eat?
8 I’m not surprised ..... (he / fail) that exam. ..... (he / not work) hard
recently.
9 Oh no! ..... (the children / cook). Look at the state of this kitchen!
10 How many times ..... (Wendy / be) late for work this week?
11 I’m going to give that cat some food. ..... (it / sit) on the doorstep for
hours. I’m sure it’s starving.
12 ..... (I / do) grammar exercises all morning. I deserve a treat for lunch.
13 ..... (you / not buy) your mother a present? That’s really mean of you!
14 I saw Katie yesterday. .....(she / work) in Australia for the past year.
Did you know?
15 Now where are my keys? This is the third time ..... (I / lose) them
today!
16 ..... (you / ever / play) chess? You should try it. I’m sure it’s the sort of
game you’d like.
17 Oh do be quiet. ..... (you / grumble) all day!
18 ..... (your tennis / really / improve)! ..... (you / practise) in secret?

26. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

1 Who ..... (use) my toothbrush?
2 “What ..... (you / do)?” “ I ..... (write) a letter.”
3 Samantha ..... (play) tennis with friends every weekend.
4 Tim and Matilda ..... (be) married since 1987.
5 Uncle Bill ..... (just / decorate) the bathroom.
6 Pauline and Tom ..... (sing) in the school choir twice a week.
7 Who ..... (you / speak) to?
8 Sarah is very happy. She ..... (win) a poetry competition.
9 He ..... (drink) two cups of coffee this morning.
10 My friend ..... (live) in America at the moment.
11 They .....(usually / change) jobs every five years.
12 I ..... (normally / cut) my hair myself.
13 Linda ..... (study) in the library for three hours.
14 We ..... (play) in a concert next weekend.
15 Who ..... (read) my diary?
16 Tim ..... (leave) the house at 7 o’clock every morning.

26
 17 ..... (your mother / work) in a bank?
18 ..... (you / drink) coffee with your breakfast every day?
19 We ..... (make) plans for our summer holidays right now.
20 They ..... (move) house in September.

27. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

Dear Nick,
This is just a short note to tell you I 1) ..... (arrive) at the airport at 5 pm
on Saturday, 10th December. I 2) ..... (be) very busy recently, and that’s why I
3) ..... (not / write) to you for a while. I 4) ..... (plan) this trip for months, so
now I 5) ..... (look forward) to spending some time with you and your
family. I 6) ..... (hope) you will be able to meet me at the airport.
Please give my love to your wife and the children.
See you soon,
James

28. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present forms.
A Dear Mr and Mrs Williams,
I 1) ..... (write) to thank you for coming to our wedding last month. I
hope you enjoyed yourselves. Sheila and I 2) ..... (just / return) from our
honeymoon in Kenia and 3) ..... (now / look forward to) starting our new
life together. We 4) ..... (just / move) into our new house and since our
honeymoon we 5) ..... (spend) all our free time decorating. The house
6) ..... (actually / begin) to feel like home now and we 7) ..... (gradually /
settle) into a routine. We 8) ..... (have) breakfast together in the morning,
but then we 9) ..... (not / see) each other until late in the evening when we
10) ..... (get) home from work. I hope both of you 11) ..... (be) well since
we last saw you.
Love,
David and Sheila
B Dear Diary,
It’s Sunday again. I 1) ….. (be) so bored. I 2) ….. (not / know) what to
do. Mum is in the kitchen. She 3) ….. (cook). She 4) ….. (cook) since
eight o’clock this morning. Dad’s in the garden. He 5) …... (mow) the
lawn for two hours. He 6) ….. (always / work) in the garden on Sunday
mornings. Jimmy is in his room. He 7) ….. (do) his homework. He 8) …..
(study) for his history test for an hour. He 9) ….. (never / play) with me.
Grandpa 10) ….. (read) his newspaper and Grandma 11) ….. (knit). She
12) ….. (knit) a jumper for me for two weeks. The jumper is yellow and I

27
 13) ….. (hate) yellow. I 14) ….. (sit) alone in my bedroom all morning.
You’re my only companion…

REVISION BOX 1
29. Identify the tenses, then match them with the correct description.
1 Bill always stops to buy milk on his way to work.
2 The new serial is growing in popularity.
3 There goes the last bus!
4 Scientists have just discovered a way to prevent memory loss.
5 Andrea has phoned me every day this week.
6 Laura is always criticising my appearance.
7 I feel exhausted as I have been working on my assignment all night.
8 He’s been asking to borrow money again.
9 The Kellys have moved to Manchester.

a past actions of certain duration having visible results / effects in the present
b changing or developing situations
c recently completed actions
d exclamatory sentences
e frequently repeated actions with “always” expressing the speaker’s
annoyance or criticism
f actions which happened at an unstated past time and are connected to the
present
g emphasis on number, frequency
h repeated / habitual actions
i expressing anger, irritation, annoyance or criticism

1 h 2 ... 3... 4... 5 ... 6 ... 7 ... 8 ... 9 ...

30. Choose the correct answer.

1 “ ..... your sister recently?”
“Yes, she came to visit last weekend.”
A Have you been seeing B You have seen C Have you seen
2 “I didn’t know Sarah could drive .”
“Oh yes, she ..... since last April.”
A has been driving B has driven C is driving
3 “Where is Jason?”

28
 “He ..... at the swimming pool.”
A is being B is C has been
4 “This is a great book.”
“I know. I ..... it twice already.”
A have read B am reading C have been reading
5 “Hello, Jane. I’m home.”
“Where have you been? I ..... for you all day!”
A have been looking B look C am looking
6 “Are you having a holiday this year?”
“Yes, I ..... to Hawaii.”
A am going B have been C have gone
7 “Who does your hair for you?”
“My mother usually ..... it.”
A is cutting B cuts C has cut
8 “Your socks are all wet!”
“Don’t worry. I ..... another pair with me.”
A am bringing B bring C have brought

31. Correct the mistakes.

1 They have been to the shops. They’ll be home soon.
2 Joe plays in the garden at the moment.
3 I am going to work by car every day.
4 The builders finish the block of flats already.
5 He has been breaking his arm.
6 Sam have just finished reading a very interesting book.
7 Water is boiling at 100C.
8 John is living here since 1987.
9 I study this subject for five years.
10 Who has use my scissors ?

32. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate present forms.
1 George Smith ..... (train) for this match for months. He ..... (practise) at
least four hours a day for the last two weeks and he ..... (say) that now
he .... (feel) confident. However, he ..... (face) a difficult opponent tonight.
Palmer ..... (win) several games recently, and he ..... (look) determined to
win this one too. The match ..... (be) about to start, so let’s watch and see
what ..... (happen).

29
 2 Louisa usually ..... (go) to work by tube, but today she ..... (go) there in a
chauffeur-driven limousine. The reason for this ..... (be) that she ..... (just /
win) the young business person award, and as part of the prize people .....
(treat) her like royalty.
3 Mary ..... (dye) her hair for years. She ..... (go) to the hairdresser once a
week and ..... (try) every colour you can imagine. She ..... (say) she .....
(want) to match her hair with her clothes. I ..... (ask) her for ages why
she ..... (not / keep) her natural colour but she ..... (say) she ..... (forget)
what it is!
4 A: Excuse me, I ..... (try) to pay for this shirt for ten minutes. Nobody .....
(seem) to want to serve me. I ..... (try) complaining but nobody ......
(listen). It’s the worst service I ..... (ever / experience). Something
ought to be done!
B: I agree sir, but I ..... (not / work) here.

33. Make all the necessary changes and additions to make a complete letter.
Dear Sirs,
I write / apply / position of French teacher / advertised / The European.
academic qualifications include / degree in French / Oxford University. I
spend several years/ Paris / have excellent practical knowledge of French. I
work / assistant French teacher / two years / school outside London. I be
unemployed / at the moment. I enclose references / former employer and CV.
I trust you give / application / serious consideration. I look forward / hear you
/ earliest convenience.
Yours faithfully,

PRESENT FORMS
PRACTICE TEST №1
Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate present forms.

Friday afternoon at MacGruder’s department store

It’s a normal Friday afternoon at MacGruder’s Department Store. At this
moment in the shoe department, a young man and his wife 1) ..... (try) to
buy new shoes for their three small children. The kids 2) ..... (wiggle) and
3) ..... (scream) and 4) ..... (chase) each other around. The salesman,
George, 5) ..... (go) crazy. He 6) ..... (wait on) the family for the past hour

30
with no success. Either the shoes 7) ..... (not fit), or the children’s father
8) ..... (think) they’re too expensive.
Over at the jewelry counter, Julie 9) ..... (have) a hard time, too. She
10) ..... (run) back and forth all afternoon. One lady 11) ..... (try on)
earrings for twenty-five minutes and 12) ..... (not put) them back on the
rack, so now there is a mountain of earrings on the counter.
Meanwhile, Beth Ellen, the store detective, 13) ..... (walk) slowly around
the store since she arrived at 10:00. Her feet 14) ..... (kill) her the whole
time. Every day, she 15) ..... (walk) around and 16) ..... (try) to look like a
normal shopper while she 17) ..... (do) her job catching shoplifters.
Unfortunately, Beth Ellen 18) ..... (not catch) a single shoplifter in the past
year because she can’t see well, and she 19) ..... (refuse) to wear her
glasses.
Up in his office right now, Mr. MacGruder 20) ..... (stand) by a small
window which 21) ..... (look) out over the first floor of his store. He 22) .....
(see) a customer at the jewelry counter secretly putting expensive earrings
into her purse. Beth Ellen 23) ..... (walk) right past her at this very moment,
but of course she 24) ..... (not see) the woman steal the earrings because she
25) ..... (not wear) her glasses. Mr. MacGruder’s face 26) ..... (begin) to
turn purple, and now he 27) ..... (tear) out his hair. He 28) ..... (regret)
hiring Beth Ellen as the store detective ever since his sister persuaded him
to, but he can’t do anything about it because the girl 29) ..... (be) his niece.

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 PAST FORMS
PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS
We use the past simple: We use the past continuous:
a) for an action which happened at a definite a) for an action which was in progress at a
time in the past. The time is stated, stated time in the past. We do not
already known or implied. mention when the action started or
They went camping by the lake last finished.
month. At seven o’clock yesterday evening they
were having dinner.
b)for actions which happened immediately b)for an action which was in progress when
one after the other in the past. another action interrupted it. We use the
First she paid the driver , then she got past continuous for the action in progress
out of the taxi. ( longer action ) and the past simple for
the action which interrupted it (shorter
action).
He was walking down the street when he
met an old friend.
c) for past habits or states which are now c) for two or more simultaneous past
finished. In such cases we can also use actions.
the expression used to. She was talking on her mobile phone
Kitchens were / used to be very different while she was driving to work.
a hundred years ago.

d) to describe the atmosphere, setting, etc.

in the introduction to a story before we
describe the main events.
One beautiful autumn afternoon, Ben was
strolling down a quiet country lane. The
birds were singing and the leaves were
rustling in the breeze.

TIME EXPRESSIONS

PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS

The past simple is used with the following The past continuous is used with the following
time expressions: yesterday, then, when, time expressions: while, when, as, all
How long ago...?, last night / week / month / morning / evening / day / night, etc.
year / Tuesday, etc., three days / weeks, etc.

32
ago, in 1997, etc.

34 . Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.
She 1) ..... (lie) in bed when she 2) .... (hear) a sudden noise. She 3) .....
(open) her eyes in horror. Someone 4) ..........(open) a downstairs window;
they 5) ..... (try) to get into her house. She 6) ..... (climb) slowly out of bed
and 7) ..... (creep) to the door. She 8) ..... (stand) very still and listening
carefully when she 9) ..... (see) a light downstairs. It 10) ..... (move) about as
if someone 11) ..... (hold) a torch and searching for something. She 12) .....
(know) that they 13) ..... (look) for her.

35. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.
A Charlie Chaplin 1) ..... (become) one of the best-known personalities in
America within two years of his first appearance in motion pictures. He
2) ..... (be) so famous that no studio could afford to pay him, so he 3) .....
(appear) only in films which he 4) ..... (produce) himself.
B It 1) ..... (happen) at ten o’clock last night. John 2) ..... (sit) in his cosy
living room with his wife and children. They 3) ..... (watch) the evening
news on TV when suddenly, the lights 4) ..... (go out) and everything in
the house 5) ..... (become) quiet.
C The boys 1) ..... (play) football on the river bank while the girls 2) .....
(talk). Everyone 3) ..... (enjoy) the picnic when suddenly they
4) ..... (hear) a loud cry from further up the river. They all 5) ..... (rush) to
see what was wrong.
D In prehistoric times, people 1) ..... (live) in caves. They 2) ..... (hunt)
animals which they then 3) ..... (use) for food and clothing. They 4) .....
(make) everything by themselves and they 5) ...... (have) very simple
lives.

36. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.
1They ..... (clean) the windows when it ..... (start) to rain.
2As he ..... (drive) to work, he ..... (remember) that his briefcase was still at
home.
3Melanie ..... (cook) dinner when her husband ..... (come) home.
4I ..... (hear) a loud crash as I ..... (sit) in the garden.
5She ..... (type) a letter when her boss ..... (arrive).
6While the dog ..... (dig) in the garden, it ..... (find) a bone.

33
 7Mary ..... (ride) her bicycle when she ..... (notice) the tiny kitten.
8While I ..... (do) my homework, the phone ..... (ring).
37. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect.
A A: I 1) ..... (see) this film before.
B: Me too, but I love this actor. He 2) ..... (play) a lot of good roles.
A: Tom Cruise? I 3) ..... (meet) him, you know.
B: Really? When?
A: When I 4) ..... (be) in Los Angeles on holiday.
B A: Who is that man?
B: He’s an artist. He 1) ..... (paint) a lot of beautiful pictures.
A: I think Van Gogh 2) ..... (paint) the most beautiful pictures ever.
But his life 3) ..... (be) miserable.
C A: I 1) ..... (just / hear from) an old friend of mine.
B: Oh, really?
A: Yes. Jim 2) ..... (write) to me. I 3) ..... (get) the letter this morning.
B: That’s nice. When 4) ..... (you / first / meet) him?
A: He 5) ..... (live) next door to me for three years, but he 6) ..... (move)
away last June and 7) ..... (not / see) him since.

38. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.
A As soon as Margaret 1) ..... (get) off the train, she 2) ..... (pull) her coat
around her. Rain 3) ..... (fall) heavily and a cold wind 4) ..... (blow) across
the platform. She 5) ..... (look) around, but no one 6) ..... (wait) to meet
her. She 7) ..... (turn) to leave when she 8) ..... (hear) footsteps. A man
9) ..... (walk) towards her. He 10) ..... (smile) at her, then he 11) ..... (say),
“You’re finally here.”
B George 1) ..... (pick) up his bag then, 2) ..... (throw) it over his shoulder.
It 3) ..... (get) dark and he 4) ..... (have) a long way to go. He wished that
he had let someone know that he was coming. It 5) ..... (start) to rain, and
he was feeling cold and tired from the long journey.
Suddenly, he 6) ..... (hear) a noise, then he 7) ..... (see) two bright lights
on the road ahead. A car 8) ..... (head) towards him. It slowed down and
finally 9) ..... (stop) beside him. A man 10) ..... (sit) at the wheel. He
11) ..... (open) the door quickly and 12) ..... (say) “Get in, George.”
C Andy 1) ..... (step) into the house and 2) ..... (close) the door behind him.
Everything 3) ..... (be) quiet. His heart 4) ..... (beat) fast and his hands
5) ..... (shake) as he crept silently into the empty house, but he was trying
not to panic. He soon 6) ..... (find) what he 7) ..... (look) for. He smiled

34
 with relief as he put on the clothes. The men who 8) ..... (follow) him
would never recognise him now.

39. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.
1 I lit the fire at 6.00 and it (burn) brightly when Tom came in at 7.00.
2 When I arrived the lecture had already started and the professor (write) on
the overhead projector.
3 I (make) a cake when the light went out. I had to finish it in the dark.
4 I didn’t want to meet Paul so when he entered the room I (leave).
5 Unfortunately when I arrived Ann just (leave), so we only had time for a
few words.
6 He (watch) TV when the phone rang. Very unwillingly he (turn) down the
sound and (go) to answer it.
7 He was very polite. Whenever his wife entered the room he (stand) up.
8 The admiral (play) bowls when he received news of the invasion. He
(insist) on finishing the game.
9 My dog (walk) along quietly when Mr Pitt’s Pekinese attacked him.
10 When I arrived she (have) lunch. She apologized for starting without me
but said that she always (lunch) at 12.30.
11 He always (wear) a raincoat and (carry) an umbrella when he walked to
the office.
12 What you (think) of his last book? I (like) it very much.
13 I (share) a flat with him when we were students. He always (complain)
about my untidiness.
14 He suddenly (realize) that he (travel) in the wrong direction.
15 He (play) the guitar outside her house when someone opened the window
and (throw) out a bucket of water.
16 I just (open) the letter when the wind (blow) it out of my hand.
17 The burglar (open) the safe when he (hear) footsteps. He immediately
(put) out his torch and (crawl) under the bed.
18 When I (look) for my passport I (find) this old photograph.
19 You looked very busy when I (see) you last night. What you (do)?
20 The boys (play) cards when they (hear) their father’s step. They
immediately (hide) the cards and (take) out their lesson books.

40. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.

1 Mr Smith never (wake) up in time in the mornings and always (get) into
trouble for being late; so one day he (go) to town and (buy) an alarm
clock.

35
 2 To get home he (have to) go through a field where a bad-tempered bull
usually (graze).
3 This bull normally (not chase) people unless something (make) him
angry. Unfortunately, as Mr Smith (cross) the field, his alarm clock (go)
off.
4 This (annoy) the bull, who immediately (begin) to chase Mr Smith.
5 Mr Smith (carry) an open umbrella as it (rain) slightly. He (throw) the
umbrella to the ground and (run) away as fast as he could.
6 The bull (stop) and (begin) to attack the umbrella. While he (do) this Mr
Smith escaped.
7 When he (awake) she (sit) by the window. She (look) at something in the
street, but when he (call) her she (turn) and (smile) at him.
8 Why you (interrupt) me just now? I (have) a very interesting
conversation with Mr Pitt.
9 The murderer ( carry ) the corpse down the stairs when he (hear) a knock
at the door.
10 When I (look) through your books I (notice) that you have a copy of
“Murder in the Cathedral.”
11 As they (walk) along the road they (hear) a car coming from behind
them. Tom (turn) round and (hold) up his hand. The car (stop).
12 When I (arrive) at the station Mary (wait) for me. She (wear) a blue
dress and (look) very pretty. As soon as she (see) me she (wave) and
(shout) something, but I couldn’t hear what she (say) because everybody
(make) such a noise.
13 The prisoner (escape) by climbing the wall of the garden where he
(work). He (wear) blue overalls and black shoes.
14 She said that the car (travel) at 40 k.p.h. when it (begin) to skid.
15 She said that she (not like) her present flat and (try) to find another.

41. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.
Here he 1) ..... (be), Davey Stark, the big rock star. It 2) ..... (be) the end of
an exhausting two-hour concert. The fans 3) ..... (scream) and 4) ..... (shout).
They 5) ..... (want) Davey, their hero. His face 6) ..... (pour) with sweat, his
hair 7) ..... (drip) and his heart 8) ..... (thump) violently. But he 9) ..... (love)
these moments at the end of a concert. He always 10) ..... (feel) powerful and
in control. He 11) ..... (decide) to do one more song for the crowd: one of his
most popular. When he 12) ..... (start) singing, the crowd 13) ..... (go) wild.
By the end of the song, they 14) ..... (all / dance) and 15) ..... (clap) their
hands. When Davey 16) ..... (leave) the stage, he 17) ..... (be) exhausted but
exhilarated. But when he 18) ..... (get back) to the dressing room, he 19) .....

36
 (open) the door and 20) ..... (see) that two men 21) ..... (wait) for him. They
22) ..... (lock) the door behind Davey. He 23) ..... (shout) for his bodyguard
Bernard, but no-one 24) ..... (come). The two men 25) ..... (tie) his hands
behind his back, 26) ..... (blindfold) and 27) ..... (gag) him. Davey 28) .....
(can hear) Bernard in the next room. Bernard 29) ..... (talk) to someone and
he 30) ..... (say) terrible things about Davey. He 31) ..... (say) that Davey
32) ..... (deserve) it. 33) ..... (Deserve) what? What 34) ..... (he / mean)?
What 35) ..... (go on)? Why 36) ...... (not someone tell) him what 37) .....
(happen)?

42. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.
1 It 1) ..... (happen) in June 1985. It 2) ..... (be) summer and we 3) ..... (all /
lie out) in the garden. My mother 4) ..... (read) and my uncle
5) ..... (just / doze) in the sun. We children 6) ..... (look for) worms and
insects. And then he 7) ..... (arrive). He 8) ..... (be) a tall, handsome man
with piercing blue eyes and he 9) ..... (look) straight at my mother. Her
face 10) ..... (go) pale and her eyes 11) ..... (open) wide with shock.
“Arthur, I 12) ..... (think) you 13) ..... (be) dead”, she 14) ..... (say) in a
kind of whisper.
2 A: I 15) ..... (phone) you at about 9 o’clock this morning but you 16) .....
(not answer). What 17) ..... (you / do)?
B: Well, I 18) ..... (hear) the phone but I 19) ..... (have) a shower and I
20) ..... (can not) get out in time to answer it. Anyway, what 21) .....
(you / want)?
A: Well, last night I 22) ..... (clear out) that old desk you
23) ..... (give) me when I 24) ..... (come across) a pile of letters with a
red ribbon round them.
B: My letters ?
A: Yes, they 25) ..... (be addressed) to you. And they 26) ..... (all / smell)
of perfume, a man’s perfume.
3 Last night Jake 27) ..... (wake up) at about 3 a.m. As soon as he 28) .....
(wake up), he 29) ..... (listen out) for strange noises but he
30) ..... (not hear) any. His father 31) ..... (snore) in the next room, some
central heating pipes 32) ..... (make) a bit of noise and a tap
33) ..... (drip) in the bathroom. It was all as usual. Jake 34) ..... (open) the
window and 35) ..... (look) outside. The moon 36) ..... (be) full and it
37) ..... (shine) brightly. Jake 38) ..... (think) he 39) ..... (see) an owl in
one of the trees. He 40) ..... (can certainly hear) one. But then he 41) .....
(see) something different. A man – no, it 42) ..... (be) a woman. She

37
 43) ..... (wear) white and she 44) ..... (hide) behind a tree. Suddenly she
45) ..... (run) towards the house.

Used to / Be used to / Get used to / Would

 We use used to + infinitive to refer to past habits or states. In such cases, used
to can be replaced by the past simple with no difference in meaning.
e.g. They used to travel / traveled a lot when they were younger. (They don’t any
more).
 We use the past simple, and not used to, in the following cases:
a) to refer to an action which happened at a definite time in the past.
e.g. I drove to work yesterday.
b) to say how many times an action happened at a definite time in the past.
e.g. I went to the cinema four times last month.
 We use would / used to for repeated actions or routines in the past.
e.g. We would / used to eat out on Sundays.
We do not use would with state verbs.
e.g. a) They used to live in London.
b) I used to have a pet dog.
 Be used to + noun / pronoun / -ing form = be accustomed to, be in the habit of
e.g. a) They are used to the cold. (present)
b) I don’t mind walking. I’m used to it. (present)
c) She wasn’t used to living in the country. (past)
 Get used to + noun / pronoun / -ing form = become accustomed to
e.g. a) I am getting used to the weather. (present)
b) He didn’t like using the computer at first, but he got used to it. (past)
c) She will soon get used to wearing contact lenses. (future)

43. Choose the correct answer.

A 1 “Sharon looks different now, doesn’t she?”
“Yes. She ….. to have long dark hair, didn’t she?”
A is used B used C would
2 “I have never driven an automatic car before.”
“You will soon ….. to it.”
A get used B be used C used
3 “How is Sarah?”
“She’s fine. She ….. to life in the countryside.”
A got used B used C is getting used
4 “Have you always worked as a nurse?”
“No. I ….. a childminder.”

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 A was used to being B used to be C am used to being
5 “Do you remember when we were little?”
“Yes. Dad ….. always read us a bedtime story.”
A was used to B would C got used to
6 “Aren’t you tired?”
“No. I ….. to walking long distances.”
A am used B got used C used
7 “Jane had trouble with her job at first.”
“Yes. She ….. to working on her own.”
A used B got used C wasn’t used
8 “Did you find your degree course difficult?”
“Yes, but I soon ….. to it.”
A used B got used C was used
9 “Do you remember Uncle Danny?’
“Yes. He ….. always bring us presents.”
A would B was used C used
10 “Have you ever lived in a flat before?”
“No, but I will ….. to it.”
A be used B get used C used
11 “Why are you so tired?”
“Because I ….. to getting up early in the morning.”
A am used B used C am not used
12 “Do you know that man?”
“Yes. He ….. to work for me.”
A was used B used C is used

A 1 Mary met her husband while she worked / was working / used to work
in the States.
2 Why does Warren keep shouting at people? He wasn’t / wasn’t being /
didn’t use to be so bad-tempered.
3 How long is it since you had / were having / used to have a holiday?
4 The government provided / were providing / used to provide much more
help for disabled people than they do now.
5 It’s all very well complaining you haven’t any money, but while you were
travelling around the world, I studied / was studying / used to study
sixteen hours a day for my exams.
6 The only time I ever rode / was riding / used to ride a horse, I fell / was
falling / used to fall off in the first five minutes.

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44. In some of these sentences you can use used to (used to work / used to play
/ used to be, etc.) instead of the past simple (worked / played / was, etc.).
Where possible rewrite the sentences using used to.

1 Every summer, Eileen stayed with her grandparents while her parents were
away on holiday. ...Eileen used to stay with her grandparents...
2 Bruce drove the new lorry to Scotland, stopping one night in the north of
England. ...No change...
3 My aunt had a dog which she had rescued from drowning when it was a
puppy.
4 As Mary was getting out of the boat her foot slipped and she fell into the
river.
5 Before the new shopping mall was built, there was a football pitch here for
the local children.
6 Jasper grumbled that bread didn’t taste like cardboard until the
supermarkets started making it.
7 During our voyage across the Atlantic I took several photos of the great
seabirds which followed the ship, riding on currents in the air.
8 While I was waiting for the bus I noticed a group of tourists who were
listening intently to a guide.
9 The punishments at our school were very harsh before the new head
teacher was appointed.
10 As children we spent a lot of time helping with the household chores, but
we didn’t help in the garden.
11 The politicians made innumerable promises before the election, but kept
none of them, as usual.

45. Choose the correct form of the verbs.

It is sometimes said that there is nothing new in the world of fashion.
Annabelle was a well-known model during the seventies. When her children
were in their early teens they 1) were enjoying / used to enjoy looking at her
old photo albums. They 2) were finding / found it hard to believe that she
3) was wearing / used to wear such strange clothes. 4) Did people really
use to think / Were people really thinking flared trousers looked good?
And those ugly platform shoes! She 5) was admitting / admitted that people
6) were often falling / often used to fall over because the heels were so high.
In the early nineties, however, Annabelle noticed to her amusement that
seventies styles 7) were / used to be in fashion again. “I 8) planned / was
planning to throw all my old clothes away”, she said, “ but my daughter went

40
 to a party last week, and guess what she 9) used to wear / was wearing –
that’s right, some of my old clothes!”

46. Write a sentence for each of the following using used to / didn’t use to.
1 I had a lot of money but I lost it all when my business failed.
...I used to be rich...
2 I quite like classical music now, although I wasn’t keen on it when I was
younger.
3 I seem to have lost interest in my work.
4 My sister can’t borrow my jeans any more , she’s put on so much weight.
5 I don’t mind air travel now that I can afford First Class.
6 My brother had his hair cut short when he left college.
7 I gave up smoking five years ago.
8 My parents lived in the USA when I was a child.
9 When he was younger , my uncle was a national swimming champion.
10 Since we’ve lived in the countryside, we’ve been much happier.

47. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.
A The sun 1) ..... (shine) and the birds 2) ..... (sing) as Mike 3) ..... (drive)
down the country lane. He 4) ..... (smile), because he 5) ..... (look
forward) to the journey ahead. Mike 6) ..... (enjoy) driving, especially
when he 7) ..... (go) somewhere new. Then, suddenly, the engine
8) ..... (begin) to make a strange noise and the car 9) ..... (stop) dead in
the middle of the road. Mike 10) ..... (try) to start it, but nothing 11) .....
(happen). He 12) ..... (sigh), then 13) ..... (get out) of the car. As he
14) ..... (push) the car to the side of the road, Mike 15) ..... (start) to wish
he had stayed at home.
B John 1) ..... (enter) his flat and 2) ..... (close) the door. He 3) ..... (hang up)
his coat when he 4) ..... (hear) a strange noise. A tap 5) ..... (run) in the
kitchen. He 6) ..... (walk) into the kitchen and 7) ..... (turn) it off. Then, he
8) ..... (freeze). Someone 9) ..... (stand) behind him. He 10) ..... (take) a
deep breath and 11) ..... (turn) around. His flatmate, Steve,
12) ..... (lean) in the doorway. “You 13) ..... (give) me a fright!” John
exclaimed. Steve 14) ..... (laugh) at him. John 15) ..... (start) to laugh,
too. “I 16) ..... (think) you had gone to London today,” he said. “No,”
17) ..... (reply) Steve. “Unfortunately, I 18) ..... (miss) the train.”

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 PAST FORMS

PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

We use the past perfect: We use the past perfect continuous:
a) for an action which happened a) to put emphasis on the duration of an action
before another past action or before which started and finished in the past before
a stated time in the past. another past action or a stated time in the past,
She had finished work when she usually with since or for.
met her friends for coffee. They had been looking for a house for six
months before they found one they liked.

b) for an action which finished in the b) for an action which lasted for some time in the
past and whose result was visible in past and whose result was visible in the past.
the past. Last Friday Ron had to fly to New York. His
He was happy. He had signed an flight was delayed. He was annoyed. He had
important contract. been waiting at the airport for three hours.

Note: Note:
The past perfect is the past equivalent The past perfect continuous is the past equivalent
of the present perfect. of the present perfect continuous.
e.g. a) He had fixed the old armchair. e.g. a) I had been driving for ten hours, so I felt
It looked brand new. (The action – exhausted. (The action – had been driving –
had fixed –happened in the past. The lasted for some time in the past. The result – felt
result – looked brand new – was also exhausted – was also visible in the past.)
visible in the past.) b) I have been driving for ten hours, so I
b) He has fixed the old armchair. feel exhausted. ( The action – have been driving –
It looks brand new. (The action–has started in the past. The result – feel exhausted - is
fixed–happened in the past. The result still visible in the present.)
– looks brand new – is still visible in
the present.)
TIME EXPRESSIONS
PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
The past perfect is used with the following The past perfect continuous is used with the
time expressions: before, after, already, following time expressions: for, since, how
just, for, since, till / until, when, by, by long, before, until, etc.
the time, never, etc.
Note:

42
 We can use the past perfect or the past
simple with before or after without any
difference in meaning.
e.g. They went out after it had stopped /
stopped raining.

48. Identify the tenses, then match them to the correct descriptions.
1 People used to have / had very simple lives in those days.
2 She was talking on the phone when her boss came in.
3 Sam was in hospital because he had crashed his car.
4 They had been studying hard all morning, so they were tired.
5 I was cooking lunch while he was pouring the drinks.
6 We had been living in the house for a year before we decorated the
kitchen.
7 Princess Diana did a lot of work for charity.
8 At two o’clock this afternoon they were having lunch at work.
9 First, she knocked on the door. Then , she went inside.
10 We had bought the tickets before we went to the theatre.

a to talk about actions of people who are no longer alive

b action which happened before another past action or before a stated time in
the past
c actions which happened immediately one after the other in the past
d to put emphasis on the duration of an action which started and finished in
the past before another past action
e action which was in progress at a stated time in the past
f two or more simultaneous actions
g action in progress when another action interrupted it
h action which lasted for some time in the past and whose result was visible
in the past
i past habit or state which is now finished
j action which finished in the past and whose result was visible in the past

49. Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect or the past perfect
continuous.

1 A: Did you do anything last night?

B: I went to the gym and I ..... (just / arrive) home when Michael called
me. He said he ..... (try) to call me for ten minutes before I finally
answered the phone.

43
 2 A: Did you catch any fish on your fishing trip today?
B: Yes. I ..... (sit) in the boat for two hours when I caught a huge fish.
3 A: Did you enjoy the open-air concert yesterday?
B: The music was good, but the weather was terrible. The concert .....
(just / start) when suddenly, it began to rain. The musicians .....
(only / play) for ten minutes.
A: What a shame!
4 A: Was the house tidy when you got home?
B: Yes, the children ..... (dust) the furniture and they ..... (put away) all of
their toys.
5 A: Why were you so upset this morning?
B: Well, I ..... (clean) the house for two hours when the children came in
with muddy shoes.
6 A: Why are you so late for work this morning ?
B: I’m sorry. I ..... (wait) for the train for over an hour before it eventually
arrived.

50. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

1 A: Why was Tim so tired last night?
B: Oh, he ..... (work) hard all day.
2 A: I ..... (go) to the cinema last night.
B: Really? What ..... (you / see)?
3 A: Did you have enough to eat at the party?
B: Yes. Sarah ..... (make) a lot of food.
4 A: What ..... (you / do) at eight o’clock last night?
B: I ..... (watch) television. Why?
5 A: Colin! Look at yourself! You are filthy!
B: I know. I ..... (repair) my motorbike.
6 A: I ..... (do) something really silly yesterday.
B: Really, what?
A: I ..... (get) up and ..... (set off) for work as usual. I ..... (drive) for an
hour before I ..... (realise) it was Sunday.
7 A: I ..... (just / hear) some incredible news!
B: What?
A: Jason and Emily ..... (get) married last week in Las Vegas. Isn’t that
amazing?

51. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

A: What 1) ..... (do) when I 2) ..... (call) at eight, Burt?

44
 B: I 3) ..... (work) in the garden because the wind 4) ..... (blow down) the
fence during the night.
A: Oh, 5) ..... (you / manage) to fix it?
B: Yes, I 6) ..... (do) it eventually, but it 7) ..... (be) very hard work. I
8) ..... (ask) my neighbour to help in the end. Why 9) ..... (you / call) me?
A: I 10) ..... (want) to tell you about the factory. It 11) ..... (close down)
yesterday.
B: I know. The company 12) ..... (have) problems for a long time before
they finally 13) ..... (decide) to close down the factory.
A: I 14) ..... (hope) they would change their minds about it, though. It
15) ..... (be) a part of the town for years.
B: Well, at least everyone who worked there 16) ..... (now / find) a new job.
That’s good news.

52. Complete the sentences below using the information in the box.
Discoveries
1 Fleming was studying influenza .........................
2 Columbus discovered America .........................
3 Hillary and Tenzing reached the top of Everest .................
4 Scott reached the South Pole in 1912 ..................
5 Franklin was flying a kite when .................
6 Before Columbus discovered America ...................
7 Newton made his great discovery ...............
8 Climbers had been trying to conquer Everest .................

a after they had been climbing for several days.

b when he discovered penicillin.
c but Amundsen had beaten him by a month.
d though at first he believed he had reached Asia.
e he discovered the principle of the lightning conductor.
f and several had lost their lives in the attempt.
g people had believed that the Earth was flat.
h while he was sitting under an apple tree.

53. Complete the sentences using the past continuous, the past perfect or the
past perfect continuous. Use the verb given in brackets. Sometimes more
than one answer is possible.

1 They stood under the shelter because it ..... (rain).

2 The roads were wet because it ..... (rain) all night.

45
 3 He was broke. He ..... (spend) all his money.
4 I ..... (have) a nightmare when the alarm went off and woke me up.
5 His hands were covered in oil because he ..... (try) to fix the car all
morning.
6 When she opened the window she was happy to see it ..... (snow) lightly.
In fact, it ..... (snow) all night and snow ..... (cover) all the rooftops.
7 When Mrs Morgan came into the classroom, the pupils ..... (run) around
and ..... (scream) at the tops of their voices. They ..... (knock) over chairs
and desks and someone ..... (draw) funny pictures on the board.
8 Although I ..... (set) off early, I got there late and everyone ..... (wait) for
me to start the meeting; the chairperson told me they ..... (wait) for a
whole hour.
9 When we got back from our holiday we discovered that someone .....
(break) into our house. The burglars, however, ..... (drop) a piece of paper
with an address on it as they ..... (climb) out of the window.

54. Choose the correct form of the verbs.

Conference report
The conference was very successful. The seminars and talks 1) were / had
been extremely interesting and it was obvious that all the speakers 2) had
prepared / prepared their material very thoroughly. Everyone agreed that
this should become an annual event. There were however a number of
administrative problems. When we 3) arrived / had arrived, we
4) discovered / had discovered that the hotel manager 5) reserved / had
reserved the wrong room for us and therefore we 6) did not have / had not
had enough space. Unfortunately, he could not let us have the larger room
because he 7) gave / had given it to another group, even bigger than ours. He
8) also misunderstood / had also misunderstood the letter explaining what
food we 9) required / had required. In fact, we 10) suspected / had
suspected that he 11) lost / had lost the letter. We do not recommend using
this hotel again.

55. Most of the sentences have one verb in the wrong tense. Correct them or
write right.

1 I was pleased to see my old college friends at the conference last week as
we didn’t see each other since we finished our course. ...as we hadn’t
seen ...
2 We had to wait for hours at the airport because the bad weather had delayed
all the flights. ...Right...

46
 3 Many modern medicines were not invented by western scientists but by
tribal people who had been using them for generations before the
Europeans arrived.
4 We missed our train, so by the time we reached the theatre, the play ended
and the audience was leaving the theatre.
5 At the end of their meal they found they couldn’t pay the bill because they
didn’t bring any money with them.
6 The children were thrilled when they unwrapped the electronic toys, but
when they discovered that nobody bought a battery they were very
disappointed.
7 When I came out of the cinema I had found that a thief had taken my car
radio.
8 At first the authorities thought the athlete had been taking drugs, but they
soon realised they mixed up the results of the tests.
9 When the film star came into the restaurant I didn’t recognise her because I
didn’t see any of her films.
10 When we reached the city centre we couldn’t find a parking space, so we
had decided to go by bus the next time.

56. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past perfect.
A James 1) ..... (sit) outside the office waiting for the interview. He 2) .....
(feel) so nervous that he 3) ..... (not know) what to do with himself. The
person who 4) ..... (go in) before him 5) ..... (be) in there for nearly an
hour. And she 6) ..... (look) so confident when she 7) ..... (go) in. Not like
James. He 8) ..... (feel) sure that she 9) ..... (already get) the job. The
problem 10) ..... (be) that he 11) ..... (want) this job so much. It 12) .....
(mean) everything to him. He 13) ..... (think) about it such a lot before the
day of the interview. He 14) ..... (imagine) himself performing brilliantly
at the interview and being offered the job immediately. But now here he
15) ..... (be) feeling terrible. He 16) ..... (cannot remember) all those
things he 17) ..... (plan) to say. At that moment, he 18) ..... (almost
decide) to get up and leave. But no - he 19) ..... (have to do) this. He
20) ..... (spend) so much time thinking about it that he 21) ..... (cannot
give up) like that. His hands 22) ..... (be) hot and sticky and his mouth 23)
..... (feel) dry. Finally the door of the office 24) ..... (open). The woman
who 25) ..... (go in) an hour earlier 26) ..... (come out) looking very
pleased with herself. She 27) ...... (smile) sympathetically at James. At that
moment James 28) ..... (hate) her. The managing director then 29) .....
(appear) at the office door. “Would you like to come in now, Mr Davis?
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.” James 30) ..... (suddenly wish)

47
 that he 31) ..... (go) home after all. He 32) ..... (get up), legs shaking and
forehead sweating and 33) ..... (wonder) whether he 34) ..... (look) as
terrified as he 35) ..... (feel).
B I live in a hot country, so when I 1) …..(first visit) Sweden. I 2) …..
(never see) snow. The day after I 3) ….. (reach) Stockholm, it began to
snow. There 4) ….. (be) no snow there for several months, but now it
5) ….. (start) to snow heavily. Every day it 6) ….. (snow). My father
whom I 7) ….. (leave) in Malaya, 8) ….. (once tell) me about snow. He
9) ….. (compare) it with the small, white feathers which 10) …..
(sometimes fall) from the birds above us. When I 11) ….. (first see)
snow, I 12) ….. (remember) my father’s words. Yes, he 13) …..(find) a
good name for snow – “white feathers”. I 14) ….. (never see) anything so
beautiful! As I 15) ….. (watch), the snow 16) ….. (fall) fast and silently.
After a few minutes, I 17) ….. (rush) out into the street – but I 18) …..
(rush) in again even faster – because I 19) ….. (forget) to put any shoes
or socks on! I 20) ….. (never be) so cold in my life! When I 21) ….. (put)
on my thickest socks, I 22) ….. (go out) again. I 23) ….. (put) a fur hat
on, but it 24) ….. (not cover) my ears. The icy wind and snow 25) …..
(cut) them like a knife!

57. Rewrite the following passage, making all the necessary tense changes.
It’s 10 o’clock at night. The offices of “The Daily News” are buzzing with
excitement. The deadline for the paper is in half an hour and they are
frantically trying to finish the front page. Everyone has been working all
evening without a break. Some of the journalists have been at the office since
early morning. They have all been trying to get an exclusive story, to find out
something that no other journalist has discovered. The main story is a big
one. The Prime Minister has resigned. Everyone knows that his government
has had lots of problems in the last year but his resignation is nonetheless a
big surprise. Rumours have been going round all day about the real reasons
for the announcement. Some say that he has been involved in some financial
scandal. Others say that he has been seeing another woman. All the papers
have been working all day to get the best story. And they’ve been doing their
best to find out what the other papers have said. The whole day has been
very tense. Suddenly the editor asks everyone to be quiet. There is a
telephone call from the Prime Minister’s office.

Example: It was 10 o’clock at night. The offices of “The Daily News”

were buzzing with excitement.

48
58. Underline the correct tense.
1 Lynne was singing / had sung as she was cleaning the windows.
2 Mr Todd was teaching / had been teaching for thirty years when he
retired.
3 I phoned Jack because I wanted / had wanted to ask him a question.
4 They had walked / had been walking for hours when they stopped for a
rest.
5 The shop had been selling / had sold the table by the time I got there.
6 Joe was happy. He was winning / had won first prize in the competition.
7 It was raining / had rained while they were playing the football match.
8 Rob was opening / opened the box and looked inside.
9 Eve was delighted to hear that she was getting / had got the job.
10 People used to work / were working very long hours in those days.
11 I was running when I slipped / was slipping on the ice.
12 They were already buying / had already bought the tickets when they
went to the concert.
13 Carol had broken / was breaking her arm, so she couldn’t write for six
weeks.
14 We had been staying / stayed in a hotel by the sea last summer.
15 Elvis Presley sang / had sung lots of hit songs.
16 I opened / was opening the door and stepped outside.
17 They had stood / were standing outside when the results were announced.
18 Alexander Graham Bell had invented / invented the telephone.
19 She broke the glass while she had washed / was washing it.

59. Fill in the gaps with an appropriate past form.

One fine morning, a man 1) ..... (fish) in a river. The sun 2) ..... (shine) and
the man 3) ..... (sit) on the river bank. Everything was very quiet and
peaceful. The man 4) ..... (wait) patiently for several hours when suddenly he
5) ..... (feel) something pulling on the fishing line. He 6) ..... (stand up)
quickly and 7) ..... (begin) to take in the line. He 8) ..... (just / lift) the huge
fish he had caught out of the water when there was a loud splash and it fell
back into the river. At first, the man didn’t know what 9) ..... (happen). Then,
he 10) ..... (look) carefully at his fishing line. It 11) ..... (snap). The poor man
was so disappointed that he 12) ..... (pack) away all his things and went
home.

60. Fill the gaps in this text with one suitable word.

49
 DISASTER!
About 70 years ago, a Dutch ship was 1) ..... near the North Pole; it 2) .....
heading for Blacklead Island. On the ship was a scientist, Edgar Greenhead,
who 3) ..... worked on the island for many years; he had 4) ..... conducting
research into the life of the local inhabitants, who were Eskimos (Inuits).
Greenhead had 5) ..... away for a long holiday and now he was 6) ..... back to
the island to continue his work. At about midnight, Greenhead felt very tired
as he had 7) ..... writing his journal all day. After he had 8) ..... goodnight to
the captain, he 9) ..... down to his cabin. Outside there 10) ..... a strong wind,
and the waves 11) ..... crashing onto the side of the ship. Greenhead was just
12) ..... ready to climb into his bunk when he suddenly 13) ..... a great crash.
He dashed up on the deck and although it was dark he 14) ..... see that the
ship 15) ..... run onto an iceberg.

61. Supply suitable verbs for the following conversation.

Ann is getting ready to leave her office. A colleague, John, comes into the
room.
John: Oh, Ann, I’m glad I’ve caught you. Can you stay on and help us finish
some work? You remember the new client I 1) ..... you about
yesterday? Well, we’ve got to do a presentation to her tomorrow.
Ann: But I 2) ..... just ..... .
John: You don’t have to go, do you, though? You 3) ..... your shopping at
lunchtime, 4) ..... (not) you?
Ann: And now I want to go home.
John: Oh, come on Ann, please. It’ll only be for an hour.
Ann: That’s what you 5) ..... last time. I 6) ..... letters for two hours, then
when I 7) ..... nearly ..... them all, you 8) ..... me do half of them again
because you 9) ..... (not) me the right address file, so I 10) ..... them all
wrong!
John: OK, if that’s how you feel about it. But next time you need help, don’t
be surprised if I remind you that you 11) ..... to help me!

REVISION BOX 2
62. Identify the tenses , then match them with the correct description.
1 I had read most of his novels by the end of the holiday.
2 I was enjoying myself at the party while Tim was babysitting at home.

50
 3 We got up at half past six this morning.
4 They were still considering his proposal that evening.
5 She jogged five miles every day when she was young.
6 She had a shower, got dressed quickly and left for the airport.
7 Reporters had been telephoning all morning.
8 A crowd of tourists were waiting outside the hotel when the bomb
exploded.
9 He made his last film in Poland.
10 She had been going out with Tony for five years before she decided to
marry him.
11 She was upset because she had just heard the news.
12 The police officer changed her phone number because she had been
receiving anonymous calls for several weeks.
13 The dancer had always dreamed of becoming successful.

a action in the middle of happening at a stated past time

b complete action or event which happened at a stated past time
c past actions which happened one immediately after another
d past action in progress interrupted by another past action
e action continuing over a period up to a specific time in the past
f complete past action which had visible results in the past
g past action which occured before another action or before a stated time
h past habit or state
i Past Perfect Continuous as the past equivalent of the Present Perfect
Continuous
j action not connected to the present which happened at a definite past time
not mentioned
k Past Perfect as the past equivalent of the Present Perfect
l two or more simultaneous past actions
m past action of certain duration which had visible results in the past

1 g 2 ... 3 ... 4 ... 5 ... 6 ... 7 ... 8 ... 9 ... 10 ... 11 ... 12 ... 13 ...

63. Choose the correct answer.

1 “Are you going shopping tonight?”
“No, I ..... yesterday.”
A went B had gone C had been going
2 “Did you see Nathan?”
“No, he ..... by the time I arrived at his house.”
A was leaving B had been leaving C had left

51
 3 “Where is Scott?”
“He ..... on the phone when I saw him.”
A was talking B talked C had talked
4 “How often do you clean your house?”
“I ..... clean it once a week.”
A seldom B usually C never
5 “Did Alan arrive on time?”
“No, I ..... for an hour before he arrived.”
A was waiting B had waited C had been waiting
6 “Did you go out for dinner last night?”
“No . I ..... a lot at lunch, so I wasn’t hungry.”
A had been eating B had eaten C was eating
7 “What time do you finish work?”
“Actually, I ..... .”
A have just finished B finish C stayed
8 “Did you enjoy your holiday?”
“Yes, we ..... in a fabulous hotel.”
A have stayed B had stayed C stayed
9 “I like your dress. Is it new?”
“No. I ..... it for ages.”
A had B have C have had
10 “How is John now?”
“He ..... better slowly.”
A gets B is getting C has been getting

64. Correct the mistakes.

1 They are usually starting work at 9 o’clock.
2 Look! That man is having blue hair!
3 Do you study for your exams at the moment?
4 I was being late for work yesterday morning.
5 Dave has planned his holiday since Christmas.
6 Sheila is typing twenty letters so far this morning.
7 The sun has been setting in the west.
8 We were sleeping for an hour when the phone rang.
9 Lydia had been buying a new car last month.

65. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past forms.
When she 1) ..... (be) only fifteen Helen 2) ..... (leave) school without any
qualifications. Nevertheless, she 3) ..... (be) very ambitious and 4) ..... (want)

52
 to work in the fashion industry. Luckily she 5) ..... (find) a job immediately
as an assistant in a small fashion company. While she 6) ..... (work) there she
7) ..... (decide) to go to evening classes to get a qualification in business
studies. Once she 8) ..... (successfully / complete) the course she
9) ..... (be / promoted) to the position of assistant manager. After she
10) ..... (do) that job for some years she 11) ..... (want) a change. She 12) .....
(think) of moving to London for some time, so she 13) ..... (apply) for a job
which she 14) ..... (see) advertised in a fashion magazine. Helen
15) ..... (get) a job as the manager of a small but prestigious fashion
company in central London. She 16) ..... (achieve) her ambition of becoming
a successful businesswoman at last.

66. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past forms.
Christopher Columbus 1) ..... (be / born) in Italy in 1451. He 2) .....
(work) as a woollen cloth weaver with his father before he 3) ..... (begin) his
nautical career at the age of 22. After several merchant voyages he 4) .....
(settle) in Lisbon, Portugal in 1478. By this time he 5) ..... (teach) himself
Portuguese and Latin and 6) ..... (read) many geographical and navigational
books. In 1481 he 7) ..... (marry) Felipa Parestrello. They 8) ..... (have) one
son, Diego. They 9) ..... (be / married) for two years when his wife 10) .....
(die). At this time he 11) ..... (work) for John II of Portugal. Columbus
12) ..... (always / wish) to sail around the world westward but John II
wouldn’t agree. Finally King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain 13) .....
(decide) to finance the voyage. He 14) ..... (set off) for the first time in April
1492. There 15) ..... (be) three ships; the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria
and a crew of 90 men. They 16) ..... (have) many false alarms before they
finally 17) ..... (spot) the “New World” at 02.00 on Friday the 12 th of
October, 1492. Columbus 18) ..... (make) another three voyages after this. He
19) ..... (retire) to Valladolid 12 years after his first voyage and in 1517 he
20) ..... (die) there.

PAST FORMS
PRACTICE TEST № 2
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past forms.

How I changed my life.

53
 I go to the Gorgeous Body Club four times a week. When I 1) ..... (begin)
going there, I 2) ..... (be) in terrible shape. I 3) ..... (not ever go) to a healthy
club before, and I 4) ..... (not eat) right for years. On the day I 5) ..... (join) the
club, I 6) ..... (be) thirty pounds overweight, and my girlfriend 7) ..... (worry)
about my health for a long time.
On the first day of my new exercise program, I 8) ..... (run) a mile,
9) ..... (swim) twenty laps, 10) ..... (take) a half-hour exercise class, and
11) ..... (sweat) in the sauna. I 12) ..... (think) I was going to die! While I
13) ..... (sweat) in the sauna, I 14) ..... (dream) about going home to an
enormous sandwich, French fries, a Coke, and a huge hot fudge sundae!
But at that time, nobody 15) ..... (tell) me about the diet program at the
health club. I 16) ..... (change) clothes in the locker room and 17) ..... (think)
about my hot fudge sundae when my exercise instructor 18) ..... (come) up and
19) ..... (tell) me that the diet class 20) ..... (just begin) and that I 21) ..... (be)
five minutes late. “Diet class?” I 22) ..... (say), horrified. I 23) ..... (tell) him
that nobody 24) ..... (mention) such a thing to me.
Well, I somewhat reluctantly 25) ..... (go) over to the diet class. When I
26) ..... (walk) in, a terribly thin young woman 27) ..... (give) a lecture on all
the foods we shouldn’t eat. She 28) ..... (point) to a list of forbidden foods
which she 29) ..... (put) on the blackboard. All my hopes 30) ..... (sink) when I
31) ..... (see) all my favourite foods on the list. Then the young woman 32) .....
(say) that she 33) ..... (come) to Gorgeous Body for two years and 34) .....
(teach) the diet class for six months. She 35) ..... (tell) us she 36) ..... (weigh)
197 pounds when she 37) ..... (start) the program. Of course that 38) ..... (be)
very inspiring! Everyone in the class 39) ..... (swear) to come to class regularly
and to keep the strict diet.
This 40) ..... (be) all a year ago. One day at lunchtime last week, as I 41) .....
(eat) my spinach salad, I 42) ..... (think) about how my life 43) ..... (change)
and how wonderful I 44) ..... (become). I 45) ..... (not eat) a single French fry
since I started my diet. I 46) ..... (exercise) two hours a day for the past year.
And for several weeks I 47) ..... (think) of entering the Mr. America Contest. I
48) ..... (try) many times to persuade my girlfriend to join the health club and
become as healthy and as perfect as I was. However, as I 49) ..... (drink) my
nonfat milk, I sadly 50) ..... (remember) that she 51) ..... (recently leave) me.
She said that I 52) ..... (become) a new person but that she 53) ..... (prefer) the
old me to the thin, vain one. She said it seemed that I 54) ..... (trade in) a
pleasant personality for a Mr. America body, and she didn’t think it was a good
trade.

54
 FUTURE FORMS
Future simple Be going to Future Continuous Future Perfect
decisions taken actions intended to actions in progress at a actions finished before
at the moment of be performed in the stated future time a stated future time
speaking (on- near future This time next year she’ll They will have
the-spot I’m going to join a be running her own emigrated to Canada
decisions) gym on Saturday. business. by Christmas.
I’m hungry. I’ll
cook something
to eat.
hopes, fears, planned actions or actions which are the Note: by or not …
threats, offers, intentions result of a routine until/till are used with
promises, Now that she’s (instead of the Present Future Perfect.
warnings, passed her exams Continuous) Until/till are normally
predictions, she’s going to I’ll be playing tennis on used with Future
requests, train to be a Sunday. (I play tennis Perfect only in
comments etc, solicitor. every Sunday – it’s part negative sentences.
esp. with: of my routine.) He will have
expect, hope, completed his studies
believe, I’m by the end of the year.
sure, I’m afraid, He won’t have arrived
probably etc until tonight.
I promise I’ll be
on time.
actions or evidence that when we ask politely Future Perfect Cont.
predictions something will about people’s duration of an action
which may (not) definitely happen arrangements to see if up to a certain time in
happen in the in the near future they can do sth for us or the future
future Those dark clouds because we want to offer By his sixtieth
He’ll probably mean it’s going to to do sth for them birthday he will have
pass his driving rain soon. Will you be going been teaching for 35
test. It’s so hot – I’m shopping at the years.
or actions which going to faint. supermarket today? Can
we cannot you buy me some milk?
control and will
inevitably
happen
Summer will be
here soon.
things we are not things we are sure Present Simple ( with Present Continuous
yet sure about or about or we have future meaning) (with future
already decided to meaning)

55
 we haven’t do in the near timetables / fixed arrangements
decided to do yet future. They are programmes in the near future
Perhaps I’ll going to operate The play begins at 7 She’s meeting her
move house. on his leg. (It has o’clock this evening. aunt this weekend.
been decided.)
SHALL IS USED: WILL IS USED:
with I/we in questions, suggestions, offers to express offers, threats, promises,
or when asking for advice. predictions, warnings, requests, hopes,
fears, on-the-spot decisions, comments
Shall we go home now? (mainly with: think, expect, believe, I’m
What shall I wear? sure, hope, know, suppose and probably).

I hope you will keep in touch with me.

TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH:

Future Simple & Be Future Perfect Future Perfect

going to Continuous
tomorrow, tonight, next before, by, by then, by the by …for
week / month, in two / three time, (until is used only in
etc days, the day after negative sentences with this
tomorrow, soon, in a tense)
week/month etc

The present continuous tense as a future form

67. Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous tense.
1They are going to drill for oil here. They (start) on Monday.
2My uncle (make) a speech on Friday.
3I (take) my sister to the ballet tomorrow.
4She (call) for me at six.
5He (play) at Wimbledon next summer.
6I (meet) her at the station at ten.
7The sales (not start) till Monday.
8How you (get) to the party tomorrow?
I (go) by car.
Who (drive)?
9The piano tuner (come) this afternoon.

56
 10 You (give) him anything for his birthday?
Yes, I (give) him a dictionary.
11 The windows (be) cleaned today. Then we’ll be able to see out.
12 She (come) out of hospital next week.
13 We (have) dinner early tonight as we (go) to the theatre.
14 Where you (go) for your holidays this year?
I (go) to Holland.
15 He (not give) a lecture tonight.

The be going to form

68. Put the verbs in brackets into the be going to form.

1 You (miss) your train.
2 The pressure cooker (explode).
3 When you (pay) the bill?
4 She (dye) the old curtains blue.
5 We (make) this whisky bottle into a lamp.
6 What you (do) with this room?
I (paint) the walls in black and white stripes.
7 The umpire (blow) his whistle.
8 You (eat) all that?
9 That man with the tomato in his hand (throw) it at the speaker.
10 That door (slam).
11 The bull (attack) us.
12 It (rain). Look at those clouds.
13 The men in the helicopter (try) to rescue the man in the water.
14 That rider (fall) off.
15 These two men (cycle) across Africa.

The future simple

69. Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple.
1 I (know) the result in a week.
2 You (be) in Rome tonight.
3 You (have) time to help me tomorrow?
4 It (matter) if I don’t come home till morning?
5 You (be) able to drive after another five lessons.
6 Do you think that he (recognize) me?
7 Unless he runs he (not catch) the train.

57
 8 He (lend) it to you if you ask him.
9 I hope I (find) it.
10 If petrol pump attendants go on strike we (not have) any petrol.
11 He (believe) whatever you tell him.
12 I (remember) this day all my life.
13 Perhaps he (arrive) in time for lunch.
14 If he works well I (pay) him $10.
15 I wonder how many of us still (be) here next year.

The present continuous and the future simple

70. Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous or the future simple
using the present continuous where possible.

1 I am sure that I (recognize) him.

2 I (see) her tomorrow.
3 He (play) in a tennis match on Friday.
4 She (come) back on Monday.
5 I (go) again next year.
6 We (know) tonight.
7 You pay and I (owe) you the money.
8 I (believe) it when I see it.
9 I (have) my car repainted next week.
10 I hope that you (have) a good time tomorrow.
11 His speech (be) broadcast tonight.
12 The window-cleaner (come) at eight tomorrow.
13 Tom (catch) the 7.40 train.
14 Where you (meet) them?
I (meet) them at midnight in the middle of the wood.
15 What horse you (ride) tomorrow?

71. Fill in the gaps with shall, will or the correct form of be going to.
1 A: It’s too hot in here.
B: You’re right. I ….. open a window.
2 A: ….. I put the baby to bed, now?
B: Yes, he looks a little tired.
3 A: Have you seen Lucy recently?
B: No, but I ….. meet her for lunch later today.
4 A: Have you done the shopping yet?
B: No, but I ….. probably do it tomorrow, after work.

58
 5 A: ….. we ask Mr Perkins for help with the project?
B: That’s a good idea. Let’s ask him now.

72. Replace the words in bold with will / won’t or shall I / we, as in the
example.

1 I’ve asked Paul to talk to the landlord, but he refuses to do it.

…I’ve asked Paul to talk to the landlord, but he won’t do it….
2 Do you want me to make a reservation for you?
………………………………………………………………
3 Can you call Barry for me, please?
………………………………………………………………………….
4 Why don’t we try this new dish?
………………………………………………………………
5 Where do you want me to put these flowers?
………………………………………………………………
6 Why don’t we spend our holidays in Spain this summer?
………………………………………………………………
7 Do you want me to go to the supermarket for you?
………………………………………………………………
8 Can you pick up the children from school for me, please?
………………………………………………………………
9 Why don’t we listen to that new CD?
………………………………………………………………
10 Do you want me to book the tickets for you?
………………………………………………………………
11 Can you take my jacket to the dry-cleaner’s for me, please?
………………………………………………………………

We never use future forms after: as long as, as soon as, after, before, by the
time, if (conditional), unless, in case, until/till, when (time conjunction),
whenever, while, once, suppose/supposing, on condition that etc. Let’s buy
some extra food in case they call round.
WHEN used as a question word and IF meaning “whether” (especially after
I don’t know, I doubt, I wonder etc) can be used with future forms. When will
he bring the books back? We don’t know if he will be appointed to the post or not.
(=whether)

73. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the future simple.
59
 1 They …will / ’ll go ….. (go) to school when they … (be) five years old.
2 I ….. (call) you before I ….. (leave) for Paris.
3 He ….. (write) a letter to her every day while he ….. (be) at college.
4 We ….. (do) our homework when we ….. (get) home.
5 John ..… (fix) the tap as soon as he ….. (come) back from work.
6 When ….. (you / pack) your suitcase?
7 I ….. (not / do) anything until you ….. (be) ready.
8 When ….. (you / phone) me?
9 I promise I ….. (buy) you a present when I ….. (return) from my holiday.
10 When she ….. (pass) her driving test, she ….. (buy) a car.

74. Fill in the future simple, the present simple or the present perfect.
A My car is being repaired and I don’t know when it 1) …will be… (be)
ready. I doubt whether I 2) ..… (be able to) collect it before the
weekend. I wonder if John 3) ….. (give) me a lift to the party on Saturday.
I’ll ask him when he 4) ….. (come) home.
B I was calling to ask if you’d like to go out after we 1) ….. (finish) work
tomorrow or if you 2) ….. (want) to watch a video instead. Call me back
as soon as you 3) ….. (get) in. I’ll wait until I 4) ….. (hear) from you.
C I will leave the hotel early in case there 1) ….. (be) a lot of traffic. I don’t
know how long the journey 2) ….. (take) or what time the plane 3) …..
(land), but I 4) ….. (call) you as soon as I 5) ….. (arrive) at the airport.
Then, I will wait until you 6) ….. (come) to collect me.
DPaula is drinking tea as she is waiting for Charles. She wonders if he
1) ….. (be) late as usual. She will wait until the clock 2) ….. (strike) five
and then she will call him in case he 3) ….. (forget).

75. Fill in the correct present or future forms.

When you 1) …take… (take) a holiday with Activity Wales, you 2) …..
(have) the time of your life. As soon as you 3) ….. (arrive), you 4) ….. (feel)
as if you 5) ….. (be) in a different world. While you 6) ….. (stay) with us,
we 7) ….. (do) our best to ensure that your holiday 8) ….. (run) smoothly
and you 9) ….. (not / get) bored. Activity Wales 10) ….. (have) something to
offer for all ages and tastes. If you 11) ….. (want) to play golf, ride, sail or
fish, our staff 12) ….. (be) happy to make the necessary arrangements, or if
you simply 13) ….. (want) to relax and enjoy the breathtaking scenery we
14) ….. (be) delighted to organize some guided walks. Before your holiday
15) ….. (be) over, you 16) ….. (already / plan) your next visit.

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76. Correct the mistakes.
1 Will I take the children to the playground for you?
2 I’ll call you when I will finish work.
3 Will you to clean the carpet, please?
4 The film is starting at 8 o’clock.
5 Wait here until he will come.
6 The Queen won’t not attend the parade tomorrow.

The future continuous tense

77. Put the verbs in brackets into the future continuous tense.
1 This time next month I (sit) on a beach.
2 When you arrive I probably (pick) fruit.
3 When we reach England it very likely (rain).
4 In a few days time we (fly) over the Pyrenees.
5 I’ll call for her at eight.
No, don’t; she still (have) breakfast then.
6 I (wait) for you when you come out.
7 When you next see me I (wear) my new dress.
8 My son will be in the sixth form next year.
That means that old Dr Adder (teach) him mathematics.
9 I’ll give Jack your message. I can do it easily because I (see) him
tomorrow. We go to work on the same train.
10 You (do) geometry next term.
11 I’ll look out for you at the parade.
Do, but I (wear) uniform so you may find it hard to recognize me.
12 He (use) the car this afternoon.
13 It’s a serious injury but he (walk) again in six weeks.
14 I’ll come at three o’clock.
Good, I (expect) you.
15 They are pulling down all the old houses in this street. I expect they (pull)
down mine in a few years’ time.

will + infinitive and the future continuous

78. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate future form, using will +
infinitive or the future continuous.

61
 1 There is going to be a bus strike. Everyone (walk) to work next week.
2 You’ve just missed the last train!
Never mind, I (walk).
3 I’ll ring you tomorrow at six.
No, don’t ring at six; I (bath) the baby then. Ring later.
4 Mother: Your face is dirty.
Child: All right, I (wash) it.
5 Will you have lunch with me on the 24th?
I’d love to, but I’m afraid I (do) my exam then.
6 I (work) for Mr Pitt next week as his own secretary will be away.
7 You (have) something to drink, won’t you?
8 Why did you take his razor? He (look) for it everywhere tomorrow.
9 I hope you’ll do well in the race tomorrow. I (think) of you.
10 Notice on board ship: In the event of an emergency all passengers
(assemble) on the boat deck.
11 I don’t feel well enough to go to the station to meet him.
I (meet) him for you. But how I (recognize) him?
He’s small and fair, and he (wear) a black and white school cap.
12 I (leave) these flowers at the hospital for you. I (go) there anyway to visit
my cousin.
13 You ought to try to get a ticket for the Spectators’ Gallery next week; they
(debate) international fishing rights.
14 You’ve left the light on.
Oh, so I have. I (go) and turn it off.
15 I’ve just been appointed assistant at the local library.
Then you (work) under my sister. She is head librarian there.

The future perfect tense

79. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect tense.
1 In fortnight’s time we (take) our exam.
2 I (finish) this book by tomorrow evening.
3 By this time tomorrow we (have) our injections.
4 By the end of next year I (be) here twenty-five years.
5 I’ll still be here next summer but Tom (leave).
6 I (finish) this job in twenty minutes.
7 By next winter they (build) four houses in that field.
8 When we reach Valparaiso we (sail) all round the world.
9 At the rate he is going he (spend) all his money by the time he is twenty-
one.

62
 10 By this time next year I (save) $250.
11 By the time we get to the party everything (be) eaten.
12 The train (leave) before we reach the station.
13 If I continue with my diet I (lose) 10 kilos by the end of the month.
14 By the end of my university course I (attend) 1,200 lectures.
15 By the end of this week my illness (cost) me $100.

The future perfect and the future perfect continuous tenses

80. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect or future perfect
continuous.

1 By 3 o’clock, she … (study) … for six hours.

2 By the end of next month, Sam ….. (finish) the project.
3 He ….. (not/start) painting the kitchen before Tuesday.
4 By the time she arrives in Paris, she ….. (travel) for four hours.
5 I hope I ….. (buy) my own house by the time I’m thirty-five.
6 By Saturday, Lisa ….. (diet) for two weeks.
7 Hopefully, they ….. (learn) everything by the time they sit the exam.
8 By 4 o’clock, I ….. (sit) in the hairdresser’s for three hours.
9 By Christmas, I ….. (work) for this company for eighteen months.
10 By next weekend, Brian ….. (move) house.
11 Hopefully, the builders ….. (finish) building the house by next month.
12 By Tuesday, Alan ….. (sail) for twelve days.
13 By tomorrow morning, she ….. (sleep) for twelve hours.

81. Put the verbs in brackets into the future continuous or future perfect.
1 111A: I can’t come shopping on Saturday morning because I ….. (work).
B: That’s a pity.
2 A: Don’t phone me later than midnight because I ….. (sleep) then.
B: Shall I give you a call at about 10:30, then?
3 A: Come to my house at six o’clock.
B: ….. (you / finish) your homework by then?
4 A: Have you made the preparations for the party?
B: Not yet, but I ….. (finish) them by this evening.
5 A: ….. (you / go) to James’ party on Saturday night?
B: Yes.
A: Would you mind giving me a lift?
6 A: There’s a meeting tomorrow at 4 o’clock.

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 B: I can’t go if it is that late. I ….. (leave) by then.

82. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect continuous or future
perfect.

1 They’ll probably be hungry because they ….. (not / eat)

2 I’ll be tired tonight because I ….. all day. (work)
3 I ….. the entire committee by the time I leave England. (meet)
4 I ….. for seven years when I get my degree. (study)
5 We ….. here for six months by the time they find us a new flat. (live)
6 I ….. for forty-five years by 2035. (work)
7 They ….. in the cold for six hours by the time we pick them up. (stand)
8 Another million people ….. unemployed by this time next year. (become)
9 She ….. Prime Minister for ten years by next year. (be)
10 They ….. for five hours by eight o’clock. (play)
11 We ….. for two days by the time we get there. (drive)
12 They ….. for twenty-four hours by twelve o’clock tomorrow. (not/eat)
13 When they’ve talked to me, the police ….. everybody in the office.
(question)
14 She ….. a member of the committee for twenty-five years by the time she
retires. (be)

REVISION BOX 3

83. Choose the correct answer.

1“What are you thinking about?”
“This time next week, I ….. on the beach.”
A will have sunbathed
B will be sunbathing
C will have been sunbathing
2“Have you finished decorating your house yet?
“No, but I ….. by Friday.”
A will be finishing
B will have been finishing
C will have finished
3“Have you just moved here?
“No. I ….. here for two years next month.”

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 A will be living
B will have been living
C have lived
4“….. to the supermarket today?”
“Yes. D o you want me to get you something?”
A Will you have gone
B Will you have been going
C Will you be going
5“Can you give Steve a message for me?”
“Certainly I ….. him at work, later on today.”
A will be seeing
B will have seen
C will have been seeing
6“You’ve been working hard all day.”
“Yes. At 3 o’clock, I ….. for six hours.”
A will be studying
B will have been studying
C will have studied
7“Sarah has gone to the cinema to see that film again.”
“I know. After this time, she ….. it five times!”
A will have seen
B will have been seeing
C will be seeing
8“John has an exam tomorrow, doesn’t he?”
“Yes. In fact , at this time tomorrow, he ….. the exam.”
A will have been sitting
B will be sitting
C has sat
9“Are you typing another report?”
“Yes. By the time I finish this one, I ….. twenty-three reports today!”
A will have been typing
B will have typed
C will be typing
10“Those two people have been dancing all evening.”
“Yes. By 11 o’clock, they ….. for four hours.”
A will have been dancing
B will have danced
C will be dancing

84. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

65
 1 A: What ….. (you/do) tonight?
B: I ….. (leave) at 7 o’clock to go to the airport.
A: Oh yes, I remember. You ….. (go) on holiday.
2 A: Excuse me, what time ….. (the bus/arrive)?
B: It ….. (arrive) at 11 o’clock.
3 A: It’s cold in here.
B: You’re right. I ….. (close) the windows.
4 A: Mum, my winter coat needs cleaning.
B: Okay, I ….. (take) it to the dry-cleaner’s tomorrow.
5 A: Is Jerry coming to the theater with us next week?
B: I don’t know, but I ….. (see) him at football practice tomorrow. I …..
(ask) him then.
6 A: How is your project coming along? Is it done?
B: Not yet, but I ….. (finish) it by the time the holidays are over.
7 A: Have you been waiting in this queue long?
B: Yes. By 4 o’clock, I ….. (wait) for two hours.
8 A: What ….. (plan) to do this summer?
9 B: I ….. (spend) a few weeks with my cousins. I have already
arranged it with them.

85. Underline the correct tense.

1 Next Monday, Amanda 1) will have been starting / is starting work. She
2) is going to work / will work for a large company in the city centre. By
the end of next week, she 3) will be finishing/will have finished her
training.
2 My parents have been married for almost thirty years. In fact, this time
next month, they 1) will be celebrating / will have been celebrating their
30th wedding anniversary. They 2) will have been living / will be living in
the same house for twenty-five years by next Thursday, and, by the time
my father is sixty, he 3) will work / will have been working for the same
company for forty years.
3 Next Saturday, Daisy 1) is flying / flies to Paris for a business meeting.
Her secretary has already booked the flight. The plane 2) will leave /
leaves at nine o’clock in the morning and one of her business clients
3) will have met / will be meeting her at the airport when the plane lands.
She doesn’t know how long the meeting will last, but she 4) will have
returned / will have been returning home by Thursday evening.
4 Florence 1) is going to become / will be becoming a doctor when she
finishes medical school. She thinks she 2) will probably work / will have
probably worked in a hospital for most of her career. This time next

66
 month, she 3) will have revised / will be revising hard for her exams. By
the time she gets her degree she 4) will have been studying / will have
studied medicine for five years. Florence hopes she 5) will have passed /
will pass all the exams with excellent grades.
86. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future tense.

1 Dear Victoria,
The holidays are coming and I’ve made lots of plans. This time next
week, I 1) ….. (buy) Christmas presents for my family and friends. I 2)
….. (get) everything in one day, so that I can enjoy myself for the rest of
the holidays.
I’m staying at home with my family on Christmas Day, but two days later
I 3) ….. (leave) for Austria. Becky and I 4) ….. (spend) a week there
skiing. I’m sure we 5) ….. (have) a wonderful time.
When I come back from Austria, I 6) ….. (probably / have) a party,
because it’s my birthday on January 5th. I 7) ….. (be) nineteen! I hope you
8) ….. (come).
Well, I must go now. I’m going to help my mother with the housework.
See you soon!
Love,
Penny.
2 Next month, Maggie 1) ….. (go) to Australia to visit her sister, who she
hasn’t seen for fifteen years. The plane 2) ….. (leave) early in the morning
and 3) ….. (stop off) at Singapore before flying on to Sydney. It 4) …..
(be) a very long, tiring journey, but Maggie is very excited because this
time next month, she 5) ….. (begin) her adventure on the other side of the
world. She 6) ….. (stay) in Australia for one month. She has booked her
flight, so she 7) ….. (fly) back to Britain on 31st May. She hopes that she
8) ….. (visit) lots of fascinating places and seen many interesting things
by the time her holidays are over.
3 Dear Lionel,
I’m writing to tell you my exciting news. I have won a competition! I
think my life 1) ….. (change) a lot now! I 2) ….. (meet) the competition
organisers next week to get my prize – a cheque for $50,000.
As soon as I 3) ….. (have) the money, I 4) ….. (buy) a new car, and I
5) ….. (also / redecorate) my house. Hopefully, I 6) ….. (finish) the
whole house by the end of June. Then, on the fifth of July, I 7) ….. (fly)
to Tahiti for an exotic holiday in the sun. I 8) ….. (return) by the end of
July and then I 9) ….. (throw) a big party for all my friends. I hope you
10) ….. (come).

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 Well, it’s almost lunchtime, so I 11) ….. (say) goodby for now. I promise
I 12) ….. (send) you a postcard from Tahiti.
Best wishes,
Emily

87. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future tense.
1 My grandmother is very old. She ….. (be) ninety next month.
2 I’m afraid I ….. (fail) my exams this year.
3 This time next week, they ….. (lie) on a sandy beach.
4 The team ….. (leave) the office by 9 o’clock tomorrow.
5 By 10 o’clock, Sue ….. (drive) for twelve hours.
6 Jenny ….. (see) Paul at work, so she can give him the letter.
7 The film ….. (start) by the time they get to the cinema.
8 Tom expects he ….. (get) a pay rise soon.
9 By 6 o’clock, the secretary ….. (type) for three hours.
10 I hope I ….. (buy) my own car by the time I’m thirty.
11 By next week, they ….. (live) in this town for two years.
12 I ….. (help) you carry your shopping.
13 Martin ….. (do) the work by Sunday evening.
14 Mother ….. (go) to the supermarket tonight. She has already made her
shopping list.
15 The play ….. (start) at 6 o’clock.

88. Underline the correct tense.

1 When we go to Paris, we will climb / will have climbed the Eiffel
Tower.
2 James will have completed / will have been completing his studies by
the end of the year.
3 By the time I get home, I will have been walking / will walk for three
hours.
4 Kim will be performing / will have been performing in the school
concert next week.
5 We’re too late to catch the bus. It will go / will have gone by now.
6 “We’ve run out of milk”. “Really? I will buy / will have been buying
some more this afternoon”.
7 This time tomorrow, I will have been leaving / will be leaving for the
airport.
8 Sam will work / will have been working here for two years on
Monday.

68
 9 I will collect / will have collected you from Peter’s house on my way
home.
10 Julia will have found / will be finding the note I left for her by now.

89. Put the verbs into the correct future tense.

1 Laura and George ….. (go) on holiday next week. They’ve already bought
the tickets.
2 Wash your hands. Dinner ….. (be) ready in five minutes.
3 The baby keeps closing his eyes. He ….. (fall) asleep soon.
4 We ….. (not / go) to Penny’s party tonight because Jack is working.
5 We’re very late. Mum ….. (return) home by now.
6 The football match ….. (begin) in a few minutes. We’d better hurry up.
7 Jane will have to get up early when she ….. (start) her new job.
8 I ….. (meet) Nick at the airport at 6 o’clock this evening.

90. Correct the mistakes.

1 This time tomorrow, John is lying on the beach.
2 Peter will help you when he will have finished his dinner.
3 Shall you do the shopping for me, please?
4 Sarah will finish decorating the Christmas tree by midnight.
5 Where do you spend your holidays this summer?
6 I was turning on the heating. It’s cold in here.
7 The film has started at half past six.
8 Stop that noise or I’m going to take your toy away.
9 Moira can type these reports as soon as she will come back from her lunch
break.
10 Perhaps the Jacksons have visited us tonight.
11 By the end of the year, Mrs Evans will be teaching for thirty years.
12 Jennifer will move to her new flat on Saturday. She has already arranged
it.

91. Identify the tenses, then match them to the correct description.
1 I like shoes. I’ll buy them.
2 They will have eaten lunch by two o’clock this afternoon.

69
 3 I’m going to open my own business in the future.
4 This time tomorrow, I’ll be taking my driving test.
5 By the time Jack finishes the race, he will have been running for two
hours.
6 Everyone believes he will win the competition.
7 I’ll tell Paul about the party. I’ll be seeing him at work anyway.
8 Will you be speaking to Rob later? I’ve got a message for him.
9 Look at them! They are going to catch the thieves.
10 Since you’re tired, I’ll cook dinner tonight.

a for offers, promises, threats, etc

b action which will definitely happen in the future as a result of a routine or
arrangement
c for plans, intentions or ambitions we have for the future
d predictions about the future
e asking politely about someone’s plans for the near future
f action which will be finished before a stated future time
g to emphasise the duration of an action up to a certain time in the future
h action which will be in progress at a stated future time
i on-the-spot decision
j predictions when there is evidence that something will happen in the near
future

92. Fill in the correct present or future forms.

If you 1) ….. (like) watersports, you 2) ….. (love) Aquaworld. As soon as
you 3) ….. (arrive) at this unique theme park, you 4) ….. (be greeted) by
visitor hosts who 5) ….. (show) you to a luxury chalet. Once you 6) ….. (be)
in your swimsuit, you 7) ….. (be able to) enjoy a wide variety of watersports,
from swimming to water skiing. You 8) ….. (find) plenty to do and you
9) ….. (have) the chance to try many exciting activities. Aquaworld 10) …..
(open) at 9 am every day and 11) ….. (close) at 8 pm.There 12) ….. (be)
special facilities for children and lifeguards 13) ….. (supervise) all activities.
Visit Aquaworld for an experience you 14) ….. (never / forget)!

FUTURE FORMS
PRACTICE TEST №3
be + to – infinitive (future plans, instructions)

70
The meeting is to take place on Wednesday. You are not to leave the premises
until 17:00
be about + to – infinitive/be on the point of + gerund (immediate future)
They are about to leave. They are on the point of leaving.

93. Choose the correct item.

0 “Any news from Tess?”

“Yes. She ….. tomorrow on the 9:15 train”.
A will have been arriving C arriving
B will have arrived D arrives
1“I suppose your report isn’t ready yet”.
“Don’t worry. I ….. it by tomorrow”.
A will have been finishing C am finishing
B will be finishing D will have finished
2“So, are you coming along, after all?”
“Well, I don’t know. What time ….. ?”
A you’re leaving C will you leave
B will you be leaving D do you leave
3“I’ve called Eddie a hundred times but he won’t answer the phone.”
“Try once more. He ….. .”
A will sleep C will be sleeping
B sleeps D is to be sleeping
4“Well, I first came here last June.”
“So by the end of May you ….. with us for almost a year.”
A will have been working C will have working
B are going to have worked D will work
5“Shall I call Eddie at home?”
“I think he ….. now.
A will be working C is to work
B is going to work D will work
6“Is Nigel still here?”
“Yes, but hurry up, he is just ….. .”
A about to leave C to be leaving
B about leaving D to leave
7“Do you know it’s Maggie’s birthday today?”
“Yes, she ….. a party tonight.”
A has C is to have
B is having D will have
8“Doesn’t she feel nervous about having to teach that class?”

71
 “I shouldn’t think so as she’s such an experienced teacher. By October she
….. teaching for fifteen years.”
A is going to be C will have been
B has been D is to be
9“Why don’t we go to the cinema?”
“It’s too late; the film ….. started by now.”
A will be C shall have
B is going to be D will have
10“You look gorgeous in that dress.”
“Really? I ….. it then.”
A will be buying C will buy
B buy D am to buy
11“So, when is your maths exam?”
“Well, this time tomorrow I ….. for it.”
A will be sitting C will have been sitting
B will sit D sit

TENSE FORMS. REVISION BOX

94. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

1George 1) ….. (live) in Kyiv for almost six months when his cousin Nick
arrived from George’s native village in the Caucasus. George 2) …..
(board) with a Ukrainian family since his arrival. He 3) ….. (learn) a
great deal about Ukrainian habits and customs and 4) ….. (get) used to
eating Ukrainian food. He 5) ….. (have / not) many letters from home,
however, and 6) ….. (be) anxious for news of his family. Nick 7) ….. (tell)
him that his father 8) ….. (be) quite ill for several weeks during the
summer but that he 9) ….. (recover) completely before Nick 10) …..
(leave) the village.
2Professor Baker and Mrs. Baker knew each other when they 1) ….. (be)
children but they 2) ….. (see / not) each other for six years when they
3) ….. (meet) on a ship going to England. They 4) ….. (go) to the same
elementary school and the same high school but they 5) ….. (choose)
different colleges and they 6) ….. (see / not) each other since their high
school graduation. After renewing their acquaintance, they 7) ….. (start)
to go together. After they 8) ….. (go) together for three months, they
9) ….. (get) married. That 10) ….. (be) more than forty years ago. They
11) ….. (be) married for over forty years.

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3Most of us in this course 1) ….. (study / already) English for several years
before we 2) ….. (begin) to study at the institute. Many of us 3) …..
(learn) to speak fluently, but we used to make a lot of mistakes. Since the
beginning of the term we 4) ….. (try) to eliminate our mistakes and
replace them with normal English patterns. During that time we 5) …..
(have) ample opportunity to practise sentence patterns and to ask about
points of grammar which we didn’t understand. Many of mistakes which
we used to make we won’t make any more, because we 6) ….. (establish)
new habits. We 7) ….. (master / not) all of the patterns yet, though. In
future we 8) ….. (be going) to keep right on practicing until we 9) …..
(speak and write) as well in English as we do in our native languages.
4Right now we 1) ….. (think) about our exams. A few weeks from now we
2) ….. (take) them and we hope to do well. By the end of the term we
3) ….. (work) hard for nineteen weeks and we will want to forget about
studying a while and just relax and enjoy ourselves. By the end of June
everyone 4) ….. (leave) the hostel and spend the holiday somewhere else.
Those of us who 5) ….. (work) hard at our English will leave with the
satisfaction that we 6) ….. (learn) a lot, and with the knowledge that we
still have a lot to learn.
5A dog once 1) ….. (run) home carrying in his mouth a piece of meat which
someone 2) ….. (give) him. After he 3) ….. (run) a few minutes, he 4) …..
(grow) tired and 5) ….. (lie) down on the grass to rest with his head on the
bit of meat. Scarcely he 6) ….. (lie) there five minutes, when a second dog,
which 7) ….. (follow) him all the time unseen, came up and made a rush
for the meat. The first dog 8) ….. (drive) him off and then 9) …..
(continue) on his way. Soon he 10) ….. (come) to a stream. He 11) …..
(cross) it by a narrow bridge when he suddenly 12) ….. (see) his own
shadow in the water below. Thinking it was another dog with another bit of
meat, he 13) ….. (open) his mouth and 14) ….. (snap) at the supposed
treasure. The result was that he 15) ….. (drop) the piece he 16) …..
(carry) and so 17) ….. (lose) all.
6When I 1) ….. (be) twenty-one, I 2) ….. (go) to England to study physics.
At that time I 3) ….. (know) English quite well because I 4) ….. (study) it
for nearly ten years. I 5) ….. (already / finish) my studies at our
University, so I 6) ….. (know) quite a lot about physics.
I 7) ….. (arrive) in England in October. I 8) ….. (never / be) abroad, so
everything in England 9) ….. (interest) me very much. When I 10) …..
(find) my college, and when I 11) ….. (put) my luggage in my room, I
went out to see Cambridge. I 12) ….. (never / see) such a beautiful city
before! I 13) ….. (be / lost). After I 14) ….. (walk) around for an hour, I
15) ….. (decide) to ask a policeman the way. I 16) ….. (find) one and

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 17) ….. (tell) him that I 18) ….. (lose) my way. He was very helpful. He
19) ….. (tell) me the way to my college. During the past hour I 20) …..
(walk) round in a circle, and I was quite near it again. I 21) ….. (never /
lose) my way before, and said to myself, “I will never lose it again: I will
get a map of Cambridge.”
7When we 1) ….. (come) to the beach, we 2) ….. (find) that the tide 3) …..
(sweep) away our boat although we 4) ….. (fasten) it to a strong pole. We
5) ….. (be obliged) to go back to the village and wait for the evening train.
When the train already 6) ….. (approach) we 7) ….. (notice) that we
8) ….. (leave) some of our things in the hut of the old fisherman. We
9) ….. (rush) back to the sea-shore to fetch our things, but when we
10) ….. (return) to the railway station, the train already 11) ….. (go). The
thing that 12) ….. (remain) for us 13) ….. (be) to spend the night in the
village. We 14) ….. (sleep) in an old barn full of new-mown hay. In the
morning the voice of my companion 15) ….. (awake) me. “Get up, old
chap. You 16) ….. (sleep) long enough.” When we 17) ….. (get) out of the
barn, it 18) ….. (be) broad daylight, the sun 19) ….. (shine) brightly and
the grass 20) ….. (glisten) in the morning dew.
8John 1) ….. (leave) the house in a rush this morning. As he 2) ….. (drive)
to work he suddenly 3) ….. (remember) that he 4) ….. (be / asked) to
speak at a conference. He 5) ….. (look) at his watch and 6) ….. (see) that it
was nearly time for the conference to begin.
9Last March Sam 1) ….. (decide) that he 2) ….. (have) enough of working
in a bank and that he 3) ….. (ride) around the world on a bicycle. He
4) ….. (leave) England two weeks later with his bike, a rucksack and a
tent. He 5) ….. (be) away for six months now, and no one 6) ….. (know)
whether he 7) ….. (return) or not.
10Jan and Paul 1) ….. (argue) in the next room at the moment. It 2) …..
(seem) that Paul 3) ….. (come) in late night after he 4) ….. (promise) Jan
that he 5) ….. (be) home in time for dinner. By the time he 6) ….. (get)
home, Jan 7) ….. (give) his dinner to the dog and 8) ….. (wait) by the
window for two hours!

TIME WORDS
Ago: back in time from now (used with Past Simple) Ann left an hour
ago.
Before: back in time from then. Tony told me that Ann had left an hour
before. Before is also used with present or past forms to show that an
action preceded another. He’ll come before you leave. He had cooked
dinner before she came home.
Already is used with Perfect tenses in mid or end position in statements

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 or questions. He had already fixed the tap when the plumber arrived.
Have you got dressed already?
Yet is used with Perfect tenses in negative sentences after a contracted
auxiliary verb or at the end of the sentence. He hasn’t yet called. He
hasn’t called yet. It can also be used at the end of questions. Have they
arrived yet?
Still is used in statements and questions after auxiliary verb or before the
main verb. She can still dance well. Still comes before the auxiliary verb
in negations. She still hasn’t replied to my letter.
95. Underline the correct item.
1I’m sorry, I’m not ready to go out. I haven’t finished doing the washing-up
already / yet.
2I don’t think I’ve ever met her yet / before.
3He’s still / yet got a good memory even though he’s almost eighty.
4I used to live here six years before / ago.
5He’s lived in Rome all his life and he yet / still lives there.
6I’ve before / already read this book. I don’t want to read it again.
7The last time I fed the goldfish was two days before / ago.
8I can’t believe I’ve been here nearly a year yet / already.
9I’m afraid the plumber hasn’t arrived still / yet.
10He can still / already speak and he’s only one year old.

PROGRESS TEST 1

1. Choose the correct answer.

1 Computers ….. more and more efficient.
A are becoming B become C is becoming
2 Paul ….. to Tina when I saw him.
A is talking B was talking C talks
3 Richard ….. very hard at the moment.
A is working B works C has worked
4 Sam ….. to school every day.
A was walking B is walking C walks
5 We ….. to Austria last winter.
A have gone B went C go
6 The bank ….. by the time I got there.
A closes B closed C had closed
7 Tina ….. while Bob was watering the plants.

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 A cooked B was cooking C has been cooking
8 I ….. Italian for three years now.
A learn B am learning C have been learning
9 Jason ….. Amanda since he was five years old.
A has known B knows C have known
10 They ….. for three hours when they stopped for a rest.
A have been driving B had been driving C were driving
11 The River Amazon ….. into the Atlantic Ocean.
A is flowing B flows C flowed
12 Dad ….. to work by the time I woke up.
A is going B has already gone C had already gone
13 Fay ….. every day for the last six months.
A exercise B is exercising C has been exercising
14 They often ….. on holiday abroad when they were single.
A went B go C have gone
15 They ….. in that house for five years.
A have lived B are living C live
16 Mary ….. to Singapore at 3:00 tomorrow morning.
A flies B was flying C is flying
17 Chris ….. for an international company.
A working B work C works
18 Our climate ….. warmer these days.
A is getting B will get C got
19 Michael ….. with his toys since nine o’clock.
A has been playing B has played C is playing
20 We ….. each other for ten years.
A know B have known C are knowing

2. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct tense.

1 Last summer I 1) ….. (visit) the United States. I 2) ….. (look forward) to
the trip for ages, and I 3) ….. (enjoy) myself very much. On the 4th of July a
friend 4) ….. (suggest) we go and watch the fireworks. I 5) ….. (see)
fireworks before, but I 6) ….. (never / experience) anything like the
spectacle we 7) ….. (witness) that night.
2 Sarah 1) ….. (leave) school two years ago and for the last year she 2) …..
(look) for a decent job. She 3) ….. (hope) to find work as a secretary but as
she 4) ….. (never / do) a secretary course before, I think she 5) ….. (have)
some difficulty in finding such a job.
3 A: “Where 1) ….. (you / be) lately? The last time I 2) ….. (see) you
3) ….. (be) two years ago.”

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 B: “I 4) ….. (move) to London 18 months ago. I 5) ….. (work) as a nurse
there since then.”
A: “Oh really! How 6) ….. (it / go)?”
B: “Great! I 7) ….. (enjoy) it very much at the moment, although at first it
8) ….. (be) very hard.”
3. Correct mistakes.
1
I’m playing chess since I was eight years old.
2
I used to eat at that restaurant three times last week.
3
They haven’t still delivered my television.
4
We haven’t read yet his letter.
5
I have met that man a week ago.
6
We moved to Glasgow a year before.
7
Mike and Kelly got married last week. They had met each other four years
ago.
8 I’ll make the dinner when I will get home.
9 Take some food in case you will get hungry.
10 Peter still is at school.

PROGRESS TEST 2

1. Choose the correct answer.

1 “I ….. about buying a new car recently.”

“Really? What sort of car?”
A have been thinking B have thought C thought
2 “I haven’t seen Mark for weeks.”
“Well, I ….. him this afternoon. Why don’t you come along?”
A have met B am meeting C meet
3 “We’d better take a taxi to the station.”
“Yes. The train ….. in fifteen minutes.”
A has left B will have left C leaves
4 “Where is the newspaper?”
“I threw it away. I thought you ….. reading it.”
A have finished B finished C had finished
5 “I feel very tired.”
“How can you be tired? You ….. a thing all day.”
A haven’t been doing B aren’t doing C haven’t done
6 “Cathy doesn’t study enough.”
“I know. I’m afraid she ….. her exam.”

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 A won’t pass B won’t be passing C won’t have passed
7 “It’s bad news about Janet crashing her new car, isn’t it?
“Yes. She ….. for months to buy it.”
A saved B is saving C had been saving
8 “There’s someone here to see you.”
“Oh, that ….. my sister. Send her in.”
A will have been B was C will be
9 “Whose is this earring?”
“I don’t know. I found it when I … the house.”
A was cleaning B had cleaned C am cleaning
10 “I ….. to reach Jane on the phone all day.”
“Don’t you know? She’s gone on holiday.”
A tried B have been trying C have tried
11 “I want to visit Katie.”
“Well, don’t visit her before five o’clock. She ….. .”
A is working B will be working C will have worked
12 “That ….. like Dad’s car.”
“It is. He must have finished work early.”
A sounds B had sounded C has sounded
13 “Is that a new jumper?”
“No. I ….. it from Laura yesterday.”
A have borrowed B had borrowed C borrowed
14 “ ….. to the library today?”
“Yes. Would you like me to return your books?”
A Will you have gone B Will you have been going C Will you be going
15 “How is your grandfather?”
“His condition ….. day by day.”
A improves B has improved C is improving
16 “When did you speak to Sue?”
“I met her as I ….. to work.”
A had walked B was walking C am walking
17 “Shall we go shopping?”
“I can’t go until the babysitter ….. .”
A arrives B will arrive C arrived
18 “I’ve invited Sam to my party.”
“I doubt if he ….. .He’s studying for an exam.”
A comes B will come C is coming
19 “I’m sorry I’m late.”
“I ….. here for over an hour.”
A have been waiting B have waited C was waiting
20 “I’m having trouble with the car.”

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 “I’m sure John ….. you fix it if you ask him.”
A is going to help B helps C will help

2. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct tense.

1 A: “I 1) ….. (have) a party tonight. Would you like to come?”

B: “I’d love to but unfortunately I 2) ….. (already / arrange) to go out
for dinner.
A: “What 3) ….. (you / do)tomorrow?”
B: “Not much. I think a friend 4) ….. (come) to visit me in the morning,
but I 5) ….. (not / have) any plans for later in the day. 6) ….. (you /
fancy) going for a drive?”
2 Peter 1) ….. (drive) to work yesterday when a dog 2) ….. (run) into the
middle of the road. Peter 3) ….. (manage) to stop in time but the car which
4) ….. (follow) behind him 5) ….. (crash) into the back of his car. Then the
two cars 6) ….. (collide) with a police car which 7) ….. (travel) in the
opposite direction.
3 Some thieves 1) ….. (break into) my house yesterday. Apparently, I 2)
….. (leave) the window open. This is the first time anything like this 3) …..
(happen) to me. The thieves 4) ….. (get in) through the window and
5) ….. (steal) all my jewellery. None of the neighbours 6) ….. (see)
anything happen.

3. Correct the mistakes.

1 The baby has cried all morning.

2 Please be quiet. I try to concentrate.
3 When I arrived at the party, Tom already went home.
4 Aristotle has been a Greek philosopher.
5 Ann waited for me when I arrived.
6 When the rain will stop, we’ll go out.
7 So at 8.30 this evening he will study.
8 The River Nile is flowing into the Mediterranian.
9 By October they will finish their project.
10 The boys broke a window when they played football.

PROGRESS TEST 3
1. Choose the correct answer.

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 1 “Tina is still looking for a decent flat.”
“How long ….. ?”
A was she looking B is she looking C has she been looking
2 “Has Paul come to terms with his examination results?”
“Yes. He ….. the fact that he’ll have to resit.”
A had accepted B has accepted C accepted
3 “Did you have a good time at the Jordans?”
“Not really. I ….. I’ll ever visit them again.”
A don’t think B am not thinking C won’t be thinking
4 Gerald just can’t ….. working shifts.
A used to B be used C get used to
5 Alison feels more sympathy and less anger than she ….. .
A had B would C used to
6 “Will you ….. with the audio-video equipment by 12:30 pm?”
“Possibly, but I’ll let you know beforehand.”
A finish B finished C have finished
7 “George is in hospital.”
“Yes, I’ve heard he ….. good progress.”
A makes B is making C will make
8 “I’m getting my work permit next week.”
“It’s about time. You ….. here for two months by then.”
A are B will be C will have been
9 “How do you like your sushi?”
“Well, it’s really different. It’s the first time I ….. Japanese food.”
A have eaten B eat C am eating
10 “Wasn’t sacking Mary rather harsh on his part?”
“Not really; he ….. her several times in the past.”
A had warned B was warning C warns
11 “Where’s Jonathan?”
“He ….. to the travel agent’s.”
A has been B has gone C has been going
12 “John really ought to lose some weight.”
“You’re right; he ….. very heavily during the walk yesterday.”
A was breathing B had breathing C has been breathing
13 “I heard Roy and Alice had an argument.”
“Do you know what ….. it this time?”
A has started B started C had been started
14 “I wonder how Jeff is doing.”
“I haven’t got a clue. It’s been a long time since I ….. to him.”
A have spoken B spoke C had spoken
15 “It’s a pity she had to pull out of the competition.”

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 “Yes, especially since she ….. such excellent progress.”
A is making B made C had been making
16 “Who’s going to collect your mail you’re on holiday?”
“I have ….. asked my cousin.”
A ever B still C already
17 “Did you get to see Frances in the end?”
“No. She ….. for the airport when I arrived at her home.”
A would leave B was leaving C had left
18 “Helen moved to London last week.”
“Well, I supposed she’ll find it difficult to ….. on the left.”
A be used to driving B use to drive C get used to driving
19 “How long have you been with Sears S.A.?”
“By next month I ….. there for a year.”
A will be working B have worked C will have been working
20 “Did you stay up late yesterday?’
“Not really. I went to bed after Monica ….. .”
A was leaving B had left C leaving

2. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct tense.

1 A: “What 1) ….. (you / do) tonight?”

B: “I 2) ….. (study) for my exams.”
A: “What time 3) ….. (you / finish) studying?”
B: “I 4) ….. (finish) by 8 o’clock, I hope.”
A: “Good. Let’s go to the cinema then. The film 5) ….. (start) at 8:30.”
2 A: “1) ….. (you / see) “The Cure” concert last night?”
B: “No, but I 2) ….. (see) them before. I 3) ….. (go) to one of their
concerts five years ago.”
A: “They 4) ….. (improve) a lot since then.”
B: “5) ….. (they / still / make) records?”
A: “Oh yes, they 6) ….. (just / release) a new one.”
3 This time next week I 1) ….. (be) on my honeymoon and I 2) ….. (forget)
all about my problems at work. My husband and I 3) ….. (relax) by the
pool and we 4) ….. (look forward) to spending romantic evenings
together.

3. Correct the mistakes.

1 Ken was smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up.

2 Who has written the play Hamlet?
3 Jim plays tennis since 2 o’clock.

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 4 What did you do at 10 o’clock last night?
5 Before you’ll leave, you must visit the museum.
6 When they get there, the film will already started.
7 I have been knowing you since 1999.
8 Margaret not go to work yesterday. She was ill.
9 Has you ever been to Paris?
10 2

11111111111111111111111111Sam is going to on holiday

next month.

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